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EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI MINYAK ATSIRI RIMPANG KENCUR (KAEMPFERIA GALANGA L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI PENYEBAB PENYAKIT GIGI DAN MULUT
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri rimpang kencur terhadap bakteri penyebab penyakit gigi dan mulut. Minyak atsiri diisolasi menggunakan metoda destilasi uap air, rendemen yang dihasilkan adalah sebesar 0,465 %. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar terhadap bakteri uji Streptococcus mutans ATCC 31987, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 dan Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277. Variasi konsentrasi minyak atsiri rimpang kencur yang digunakan adalah 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%. Hasil pengamatan uji aktivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri rimpang kencur (Kaempferia galanga, L) didapat diameter hambat rata-rata pada bakteri Streptococcus mutans ATCC 31987 berturut - turut 14,7 mm; 11,6 mm; 8,7 mm dan 7,2 mm. Pada bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 berturut-turut 19,5 mm; 14,8 mm; 13,8 mm; dan 9,3 mm dan pada bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 berturut-turut 16,3 mm; 13,7 mm; 8,3 mm dan 7,3 mm. Dari data tersebut didapat bahwa konsentrasi 5 % masih menunjukkan adanya zona hambat dan menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri rimpang kencur (Kaempferia galanga, L) efektif terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans ATCC 31987, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 dan Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277. Kandungan utama minyak atsiri rimpang kencur yang diperoleh dari identifikasi menggunakan kromatografi gas-spektrofotometri massa (GC-MS) adalah Ethyl Cinnamate (65,98%), Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (23,65%)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI ETANOL DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb) TERHADAP BAKTERI PENYEBAB JERAWAT (Propionibacterium acne)
No full textAcne is a common skin disease throughout the world, especially among teenagers, but acne can also attack adults as well as men and women. The prevalence of acne in Southeast Asia ranges from 40-80% of cases. The prevalence of acne sufferers in Indonesia ranges from 80-85% to adolescents aged 15-18 years. Gotu kola leaves (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb) are a medicinal plant that contains antibacterial substances such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins which provide antibacterial effects. This study aims to determine the activity of the 96% ethanol fraction of gotu kola leaves (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb) against the acne-causing bacteria Propionibacterium acnes as an antibacterial which was tested using the disc diffusion method. Gotu kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb) leaves were fractionated by maceration using 96% ethanol then followed by fractionation using ethylacetate and n-hexane then continued with a rotary evaporator, then tested for antibacterial activity with concentration variants of 20%, 40%, 60 % and 80%, the positive control used clindamycin, and the negative control used distilled water. The method used is the disc diffusion method to determine the bacterial inhibition zone. The results obtained showed that the 96% ethanol fraction of gotu kola leaves (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb) was able to inhibit Propionibacterium acnes bacteria with a concentration of 80% with an average diameter of 19.33 mm in the strong category. Data analysis used the One Way Anova which obtained a sig value. 0.000 (0.005). This shows that there is a significant difference with variations in the concentration of the 96% ethanol fraction of gotu kola leaves (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb). The conclusion of this research is that the ethanol fraction of gotu kola leaves (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb) is able to inhibit the acne-causing bacteria Propionibacterium acnes
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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