186,875 research outputs found
"The Investment-Finance Link: Investment and U.S. Fiscal Policy in the 1990s"
No full textIn this working paper, Steven Fazzari presents new empirical research that attempts to measure the relative strength of fiscal policy on investment through the cost of capital, firms' financial circumstances, and sales growth. Fazzari argues against the crowding-out effect and claims that even if the connection between the national budget deficit and interest rates is valid, the linkage between interest rates and private sector investment is at best, misguided. While neoclassical empirical studies have found a statistically significant relationship between investment and the cost of capital, Fazzari contends that high degree of explanatory power yielded by many of these investigations is due to the fact that they fail to separate the effects of sales or output growth from the cost of capital in determining investment, which renders the source of their significance unclear. The focus of fiscal policy is therefore difficult to determine.
"Capital Gains Taxes and Economic Growth, Effects of a Capital Gains Tax Cut on the Investment Behavior of Firms"
No full textResearch Associate Steven M. Fazzari and Benjamin Herzon assess the effect of a capital gains tax cut on firms' decisions to undertake new investment projects and the possible effect of such projects on economic growth and employment. Their analysis takes into account such factors as projects' degree of uncertainty, investors' degree of risk aversion, whether capital gains losses are deductible against capital gains income, whether the market value of an investment project is affected by the imposition of capital gains taxes, and whether the project is financed by internal or external means. Fazzari and Herzon find that there is little theoretical or empirical basis for the view that lowering the capital gains tax rate would have a substantial effect on economic growth or level of economic activity. They estimate that the current proposal to lower the highest capital gains tax rate from 28.0 percent to 19.8 percent would have a long-term effect on the level of output no greater than the impact of roughly two months of normal economic growth, and it would take years to realize even this small benefit. Indexing the rate to inflation would have a somewhat larger, but still small, effect. Fazzari and Herzon conclude that capital gains taxes have a negligible influence on investment decisions and dispute the claim that a lower capital gains tax rate would have large beneficial effects on output, growth, or entrepreneurial activity in the U.S. economy.
Le varianti di genere e la loro iscrizione nell'orizzonte del sapere medico-scientifico: la varianza di genere è un disturbo mentale? Ma cos'è, poi, un disturbo mentale?
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Antimicrobial activity, synergism and inhibition of germ tube formation by Crocus sativus-derived compounds against Candida spp
No full textThe limited arsenal of synthetic antifungal agents and the emergence of resistant Candida
strains have prompted the researchers towards the investigation of naturally occurring
compounds or their semisynthetic derivatives in order to propose new innovative hit
compounds or new antifungal combinations endowed with reduced toxicity. We explored the
anti-Candida effects, for the first time, of two bioactive compounds from Crocus sativus stigmas,
namely crocin 1 and safranal, and some semisynthetic derivatives of safranal obtaining
promising biological results in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration/minimum fungicidal
concentration (MIC/MFC) values, synergism and reduction in the germ tube formation. Safranal
and its thiosemicarbazone derivative 5 were shown to display good activity against Candida
spp
La funzione di Scaffolding Psicologico per la comprensione della diagnosi in pediatria
No full textAll’interno della relazione sanitaria in pediatria, una modalità di intervento multidisciplinare può essere utile per promuovere una funzione di scaffolding psicologico volta a favorire il delicato compito della comprensione della diagnosi; infatti, all’interno della configurazione triangolare che caratterizza il rapporto pediatra – bambino – genitori, il confronto con la notizia della malattia può determinare, in tutta la famiglia, l’insorgenza di difficoltà di comunicazione, di elaborazione e di significazione della stessa all’interno della vita quotidiana; è possibile osservare anche la presenza di inibizioni delle competenze genitoriali e di tendenza alla delega verso il sapere medico. Tale scenario ci ha consentito di riflettere sull’utilità legata all’implementazione di interventi strutturati volti all’integrazione delle competenze psicologiche nel rapporto medico – paziente; questi tipi di intervento possono essere particolarmente funzionali se rivolti all’intero nucleo familiare e, in particolare, se riconoscono nel bambino un interlocutore elitario, con particolare attenzione all’utilizzo di linguaggi e mediatori comunicativi che possano facilitare l’accesso dei contenuti proposti al suo mondo rappresentazionale. Tali riflessioni sono state alla base della nostra proposta di strutturare, all’interno di un ambulatorio di pediatria, un setting congiunto medico-psicologico di condivisione e discorso intorno alla diagnosi, che si avvalga di un dispositivo semiotico di tipo grafico. Tale mediatore, costruito ad hoc, è rivolto alle bambine con Sindrome di Turner in età scolare ed è composto da 7 tavole illustrate che ne rappresentano gli aspetti peculiari. Intendiamo, con tale modalità di intervento, promuovere, in tutta la famiglia, processi dialogici e discorsivi rispetto alla condizione clinica e di condivisionedegli stessi con l’equipe sanitaria, sostenendo lo sviluppo delle competenze genitoriali rispetto al percorso di cura e di terapia
Semaphorin signals in cell adhesion and cell migration: functional role and molecular mechanisms
No full textCell migration is pivotal in embryo development and in the adult. During development a wide range of progenitor cells travel over long distances before undergoing terminal differentiation. Moreover, the morphogenesis of epithelial tissues and of the cardiovascular system involves remodelling compact cell layers and sprouting of new tubular branches. In the adult, cell migration is essential for leucocytes involved in immune response. Furthermore, invasive and metastatic cancer cells have the distinctive ability to overcome normal tissue boundaries, travel in and out of blood vessels, and settle down in heterologous tissues. Cell migration normally follows strict guidance cues, either attractive, or inhibitory and repulsive. Semaphorins are a wide family of signals guiding cell migration during development and in the adult. Recent findings have established that semaphorin receptors, the plexins, govern cell migration by regulating integrin-based cell substrate adhesion and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, via specific monomeric GTPases. Plexins furthermore recruit tyrosine kinases in receptor complexes, which allows switching between multiple signaling pathways and functional outcomes. In this article, we will review the functional role of semaphorins in cell migration and the implicated molecular mechanisms controlling cell adhesion
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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