1,720,972 research outputs found
Corridor role of ditches for plant dispersal in intensive agricultural landscapes
No full textLa mise en place de réseaux écologiques est considérée comme l'un des moyens de pallier aux effets néfastes de la fragmentation sur la biodiversité. Dans les paysages agricoles, les éléments linéaires non cultivés peuvent constituer de larges réseaux, et jouer un rôle d'habitat-refuge et/ou de corridor de dispersion pour les espèces végétales. L'objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre quel rôle un réseau dense de fossés de drainage peut jouer dans le maintien et la dispersion d'espèces végétales dans un paysage agricole intensif du nord de la France. Nous avons également cherché à savoir dans quelle mesure les caractéristiques du paysage, la connectivité du réseau et les traits d'histoire de vie des espèces végétales impactent la dispersion des propagules au sein du réseau de fossés. Nos résultats montrent que les fossés jouent bien un rôle de corridor écologique pour les espèces végétales. En ciblant plus précisément les espèces hydrochores, nous avons démontré qu'elles dépendaient essentiellement de la composition et de la connectivité du réseau de fossés et des éléments immédiatement adjacents aux berges. Le réseau détermine également la structuration des flux de gènes chez deux espèces végétales de berges de fossés. Enfin, nos résultats montrent que la réponse des espèces à un gradient de connectivité du réseau dépend d'une combinaison de traits de dispersion, et qu'une diminution de cette connectivité entraîne une convergence fonctionnelle de ces traits à l'échelle de la métacommunauté. L'ensemble de ces résultats permet de mieux comprendre le rôle de corridor des fossés pour les espèces végétales, afin de permettre leur intégration au sein des projets de continuités écologiques dans les paysages agricoles.The establishment of ecological networks is considered as one of the solutions to mitigate the negative effects of fragmentation on biodiversity. In agricultural landscapes, non-crop linear elements may form large networks, and constitute refuge habitats and/or dispersal corridors for plant species. The objective of this study is to understand which role may a dense drainage ditch network play for the maintenance and dispersal of plant species in an intensive agricultural landscape located in northern France. In addition, we also investigated the impact of landscape characteristics, network connectivity and plant species life-history traits on propagule dispersal within the ditch network. Our results indicate that ditches are indeed ecological corridors for plant species. By focusing more specifically on hydrochorous species, we demonstrated that they essentially depend on ditch network composition and connectivity and on elements immediately adjacent to the banks. The network also drives patterns of gene flow for two ditch bank plant species. Finally, our results also indicate that species’ response to ditch network connectivity depends on a combination of dispersal traits, and that connectivity reduction leads to functional convergence of those traits at the metacommunity scale. Together, these results provide a better understanding of the corridor role of ditches for plant species, in order to include these features into ecological network planning in agricultural landscapes
Rôle de corridor écologique des fossés pour la dispersion des espèces végétales dans les paysages agricoles
Get PDFThe establishment of ecological networks is considered as one of the solutions to mitigate the negative effects of fragmentation on biodiversity. In agricultural landscapes, non-crop linear elements may form large networks, and constitute refuge habitats and/or dispersal corridors for plant species. The objective of this study is to understand which role may a dense drainage ditch network play for the maintenance and dispersal of plant species in an intensive agricultural landscape located in northern France. In addition, we also investigated the impact of landscape characteristics, network connectivity and plant species life-history traits on propagule dispersal within the ditch network. Our results indicate that ditches are indeed ecological corridors for plant species. By focusing more specifically on hydrochorous species, we demonstrated that they essentially depend on ditch network composition and connectivity and on elements immediately adjacent to the banks. The network also drives patterns of gene flow for two ditch bank plant species. Finally, our results also indicate that species’ response to ditch network connectivity depends on a combination of dispersal traits, and that connectivity reduction leads to functional convergence of those traits at the metacommunity scale. Together, these results provide a better understanding of the corridor role of ditches for plant species, in order to include these features into ecological network planning in agricultural landscapes.La mise en place de réseaux écologiques est considérée comme l'un des moyens de pallier aux effets néfastes de la fragmentation sur la biodiversité. Dans les paysages agricoles, les éléments linéaires non cultivés peuvent constituer de larges réseaux, et jouer un rôle d'habitat-refuge et/ou de corridor de dispersion pour les espèces végétales. L'objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre quel rôle un réseau dense de fossés de drainage peut jouer dans le maintien et la dispersion d'espèces végétales dans un paysage agricole intensif du nord de la France. Nous avons également cherché à savoir dans quelle mesure les caractéristiques du paysage, la connectivité du réseau et les traits d'histoire de vie des espèces végétales impactent la dispersion des propagules au sein du réseau de fossés. Nos résultats montrent que les fossés jouent bien un rôle de corridor écologique pour les espèces végétales. En ciblant plus précisément les espèces hydrochores, nous avons démontré qu'elles dépendaient essentiellement de la composition et de la connectivité du réseau de fossés et des éléments immédiatement adjacents aux berges. Le réseau détermine également la structuration des flux de gènes chez deux espèces végétales de berges de fossés. Enfin, nos résultats montrent que la réponse des espèces à un gradient de connectivité du réseau dépend d'une combinaison de traits de dispersion, et qu'une diminution de cette connectivité entraîne une convergence fonctionnelle de ces traits à l'échelle de la métacommunauté. L'ensemble de ces résultats permet de mieux comprendre le rôle de corridor des fossés pour les espèces végétales, afin de permettre leur intégration au sein des projets de continuités écologiques dans les paysages agricoles
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
