515 research outputs found
Il “discorso dello sviluppo sostenibile” e l’Agenda 2030 delle Nazioni Unite. Note da una prospettiva di ecologia-mondo
No full textThe paper proposes a critical reading of the portrayal of environmental issues within the international development narrative. The author argues that in the practices of cooperation inspired by the concept of "sustainable development" it is possible to see the emergence of a neoliberal government rationality, which, by reorganizing nature and restructuring the field of action of individuals, aims to provide concrete responses to specific needs of capital accumulation
Sviluppo partecipativo e anti-politica della cooperazione. Il caso di una ONG nicaraguense
No full textThe article aims to provide a theoretical and empirical contribution to the debate surrounding «participatory development approaches», presenting the results of qualitative research carried out in 20 Nicaraguan rural communities. The author brings to light some controversial and contradictory outcomes of participatory approaches,
reading them as emblematic symptoms of a new «governmental» approach to development that has emerged in reaction to the crisis of classical top-down industrial expansion projects. Analysis of the case presented here shows that participatory development can paradoxically play a depoliticizing role, reproducing a discursive order that, by insisting on individual responsibility and entrepreneurship instead of on wider structural processes, incites local actors to adhere more enthusiastically to goals, in most cases established externally according to global market rules. At the same time, however, participatory approaches mobilize a set of material and relational resources which also nourish concrete experiences of political participation and conflict
The financialization of poverty. Microfinance and the rise of the neoliberal development paradigm
No full textMicro-credit has long been described as a «silver bullet» against poverty, although in recent years this enthusiastic narrative is increasingly being questioned. Much of the debate surrounding microfinance keep being focused mainly on issues related to models, methodology and impact evaluation. The article aims to analyze microfinance from a wider political economy perspective, linking its origins to the transformations that the development narrative and tools have experienced from the Seventies onwards. As a consequence of the crisis of Fordism, the author argues, the industrial-expansion projects which characterized the post-colonial period have gradually been replaced with a set of techniques, discourses and knowledge intended to manufacture new «entrepreneurial subjects» to whom directly delegate the fulfilment of the development goals. Within this «governmental» strategy, emblematic of the neoliberal accumulation paradigm, programs to improve access to credit play a crucial role, expanding the financial sector (i.e. financializing new social, economic and spatial spheres), providing a market-based alternative to classical welfare interventions and engendering specific «effects of power» such as the depoliticization of poverty
Breast and Thyroid Surgery in 2021 and Beyond
No full textSeveral studies in the literature report the association between breast and thyroid pathologies; however, the underlying causes (genetic, environmental, hormonal or immunological) have not yet been well explicated [...
Fausto como teatro de animação : suas origens sacro-profanas e influências sobre a tradição literária
No full textIn this article we intend to present the history of Faust through the puppet theatre tradition and its influences on literary works concerning the heretic doctor. Based on a true character, the legend of Faust goes back to the time of Lutheran reform. Since Spies' "Volksbuch", Faust worked as a warning example to the newborn belief that found in the technique of Puppet Theatre the ideal way to spread its ideology. Later on, warning became entertainment and also fascination towards this character, which gained fame with his fusion to the amusing "Kasperltheater" tradition. Following the traces of this evolution we can surely understand some of the directions the legend took in literary works such as Goethes's "Faust" and Thomas Mann's "Doktor Faustus".Pretendemos, no seguinte artigo, apresentar a história de Fausto através da tradição do teatro de animação e suas influências sobre obras literárias relacionadas ao doutor herético. Baseada em uma personalidade real, a lenda de Fausto remonta à época da reforma luterana. Desde o "Volksbuch" de Spies, Fausto operou como um exemplo de advertência para a fé recém surgida, que encontrou na técnica do teatro de animação a maneira ideal de difundir sua ideologia. Mais tarde, a advertência tornou-se fascinação em relação a esta personagem, que ganhou fama em sua fusão com a divertida tradição do "Kasperltheater". Seguindo as pegadas dessa evolução, podemos certamente entender algumas das direções que a lenda tomou em obras literárias, especialmente no caso do "Fausto" de Goethe
Fama–French Factors Explain Industry Returns?
No full textThe author examines the statistical significance of the five Fama–French factors and several macroeconomic variables by decade (since the 1960s) and industry. The main findings indicate that not all factors were significant in each decade and for each industry. Also, when the Fama–French factors were present in the regressions, the macroeconomic variables often lost their significance for these industries in each decade. Finally, when constructing factors out of the macro variables, it was found that they were significant for many industries, mainly from the 1970s through the 1990s and part of the 2010s. These findings have implications for portfolio managers when selecting industries based on factor models
Tudo pela fama : idealizações narcísicas na contemporaneidade
No full textDissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, 2006.Considerando o emergente fenômeno da fama, este trabalho objetiva estabelecer reflexões e buscar uma compreensão do tema a partir das contribuições de estudos sociológicos, psicanalíticos e do discurso de indivíduos que desejam e buscam a fama pela fama. Busca-se uma melhor compreensão das novas formas de subjetivação na contemporaneidade. Primeiramente, descreve-se a conceituação de fama. Em seguida é apresentada a sociedade de massas, sua forma de espetáculo e a individualidade como característica. Logo são expostos os conceitos psicanalíticos relacionados à temática da fama tal como narcisismo, ego ideal e ideal de ego, superego, identificação, idealização, sentimento de existência e de identidade, o desejo de reconhecimento e a busca pelos ideais. Enfim, apresenta-se a analise dos dados obtidos a partir do que foi relatado, em entrevista, pelos participantes desta pesquisa. Esta pesquisa expõe que para os entrevistados: há a idealização da fama e o desejo de conquistar essa imagem ideal; o olhar do outro sustenta o indivíduo; ser tudo e não ser nada são sentidos de forma extremada, como fama e anonimato, existência e não-existência, fracasso e sucesso; é necessário se "fazer" por si mesmo e identifica-se uma ambigüidade narcísica. Conclui-se que: a busca narcísica do ego ideal e as exigências do superego fazem-se presentes na busca da fama; o desejo de fama pode ser compreendido por abarcar os ideais culturais e do próprio eu; sentir-se ser (sentimento de existência e identidade) equivale a ser visto e ser famoso; ser visto é a finalidade e a fama é o meio de se obter essa visibilidade; o desejo de ser visto e conquistar a fama é uma defesa narcísica que encobre um desconforto em sentir-se nada ser. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTFocusing on the emerging phenomenon of instant fame, this work discusses it based on theoretical contributions from sociology and psychoanalysis, referred to the very words of individuals who seek fame for fame’s sake. This dissertation, thus, may be described as the search for a better understanding of the new ways of subjectivation found in contemporary societies. First, the concept of fame is described. Following parts present some aspects of mass society, such as the entertainment industry and individuality as one of its major characteristics. Psychoanalytical concepts that can be related to the subject of fame are then discussed, such as narcissism, ideal ego and ideal of ego, superego, identification, idealization, sense of existence and identity, the craving for acknowledgement and the role of ideals. Finally, the author analyses the data she collected in interviews with participants in the survey. She concludes that the subjects tend to idealize the condition of being famous, and seek with all their means to achieve this ideal image; the other’s look are the support of those individuals, for whom being all and being nothing are thus expressed in extremes, such as fame and anonymity, existence and non-existence, failure and success. They feel the need to be their own “makers”, thus revealing a narcissistic ambiguity. The author concludes that the narcissistic search for an ideal ego and the requirements of the superego are present in the quest for fame; the desire of being famous can thus be understood as involving the ideals of culture and of one’s self; the very feeling of being would mean to be seen and to be famous; to be seen is the end and fame is the means to obtain that visibility; the desire to be seen and to conquer fame is a narcissistic defense that covers the discomfort of one’s feeling he or she is nothing
A New Framework of Measuring Inequality: Variable Equivalence Scales and Group-Specific Well-Being Limits ; Sensitivity Findings for German Personal Income Distribution 1995-2009
No full textThe discussion paper examines sensitivity influences on the German personal income distribution in a time-series perspective and in a methodically broad manner. The author spins on the following "adjusting screws" of distributional analyses: (1) different kinds of equivalence scales, (2) different demarcations of income areas (in the sense of social classes), (3) different inequality indicators, and (4) different income operationalisations. Furthermore, the new approach related to measuring incomeinequality, which is presented in the paper and which incorporates variable equivalence scales, is applied to socio-demographic stratification in Germany to exemplarily demonstrate the power of this new approach. All in all, the analyses of the paper point to the necessity of a rigorous methodological foundation of distributional studies, especially concerning the selection of a set of (preferably variable) equivalence scales, the choice of the inequality indicator, and - not least - of the income variable. Thispaper refers to data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (1995-2009) in contrast to FaMa discussion paper 6/2010 which partly was similar to this paper but methodologically less elaborated; the last-mentioned paper was related to the German Income and Consumption Surveys ("Einkommens- und Verbrauchsstichproben") 1993-2003.
Samuelson vs Fama sur l’efficience informationnelle des marchés financiers : le point de vue de l’expertise
No full textInternational audienceThis paper investigates the polysemic character of the Efficient Market Hypothesis through a comparison of the contributions of the two authors who introduced this hypothesis in 1965, Eugene Fama and Paul Samuelson. While both had a normative approach, it is argued that the key point distinguishing the two contributions is the expertise developed by each author. Fama interpreted his model to make practical recommendations for investment strategy. Samuelson interpreted his model to discuss and promote a political expertise that would be useful for policymaking such as the Pareto optimality of speculative price or the social benefit of speculation. The second part investigates the context of paper writing. We suggest that two elements are central to explain Fama and Samuelson's stance: first, the contrasting viewpoints of their research institutions, respectively Chicago and MIT, and second, the position of each author in early financial economics. Finally, we show how their early contrasted stance is consistent with Fama and Samuelson's opposite reactions to the Efficient Market Hypothesis controversy in the 1980s. In conclusion, we suggest that this opposition between Fama and Samuelson is useful to discuss the early EMH controversy in the 1980s.Cet article étudie le caractère polysémique de l’efficience des marchés financiers à travers une comparaison des contributions des deux auteurs qui ont introduit cette théorie, Eugene Fama et Paul Samuelson. Nous montrons que, si les deux auteurs avaient tous les deux une approche normative, l’élément principal qui les différencie est leur conception de l’expertise. Fama interprétait son modèle pour donner des recommandations pratiques en termes de stratégie d’investissement. Samuelson interprétait son modèle pour discuter et mettre en avant une expertise politique utile pour le décideur public comme l’optimalité parétienne des prix spéculatifs ou les bénéfices sociaux de la spéculation.La seconde partie de l’article étudie le contexte des deux contributions. On suggère que deux éléments sont centraux pour expliquer les positions normatives de Fama et Samuelson : premièrement, le point de vu contrasté de leurs institutions respectives de recherche, l’université de Chicago et le MIT, et deuxièmement, la place qu’occupent les deux auteurs dans le champ émergeant de l’économie financière. Nous montrons dans une dernière partie que ces positions sont cohérentes avec les réactions opposées de Fama et Samuelson à la controverse concernant l’efficience des marchés financiers dans les années 1980. L’article conclut en suggérant que cette comparaison peut être utile à l’analyse de cette controverse
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