1,721,045 research outputs found
Respiratory polygraphy in subjects with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a retrospective study
No full textPeriodic assessment of the need for oxygen supplementation and/or mechanical ventilation in children with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is crucial. The aim of the study was to analyze the indications and results of respiratory polygraphies (RP) performed in preterm infants with BPD followed at a tertiary university hospital
Contributions à l’exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire de l’enfant : mesure de la force des muscles respiratoires et étude de la perception d’une charge respiratoire par les potentiels évoqués respiratoires
No full textCertains enfants souffrant de maladies bronchopulmonaires et de maladies neuromusculaires présentent lors de l'évaluation de la force des muscles respiratoires des valeurs anormales et évaluent mal leur état dyspnéique. Le peu de gène respiratoire ressenti par ces patients permet d'émettre l'hypothèse qu'une anomalie de l'intégration corticale des afférences somesthésiques d'origines respiratoires serait responsable. Une nouvelle technique d'exploration neurophysiologique, les potentiels évoqués respiratoires (PER) provoqués par l'occlusion des voies aériennes permet d'investiguer cette voie.Des manoeuvres volitionnelles d'évaluation de la force des muscles respiratoires (Sniffs et SNIP) et non volitionnels (stimulation magnétique) ainsi que les PER ont été enregistrés chez des enfants sains et atteints de pathologies respiratoires et neuromusculaires.Les valeurs de force des muscles respiratoires enregistrées dans les différents groupes étaient semblables. Les composantes des PER enregistrées au sommet de la pariétale ascendante (C3-Cz ; C4-Cz) ont toutes été retrouvées chez les enfants sains et les enfants malades. Seules N1 et P2 ont été plus souvent recueillies chez les patients atteints de maladies neuromusculaires que chez les enfants souffrant de pathologies bronchopulmonaires (p < 0,005).Ces études ont montré que la force des muscles respiratoires peut être évaluée par différentes manœuvres chez les enfants atteints de maladies pulmonaires chroniques et de maladies neuromusculaires et que ces enfants présentent des altérations des PER.Some children with chronic lung and neuromuscular diseases showed abnormal values of respiratory muscle strength and misjudge their dyspneic state. These breathing difficulties allow us to hypothesize an abnormal integration of cortical somatosensory afferents. A new neurophysiological approach, Respiratory Related Evoked Potentials (RREPs) caused by upper airways occlusion allows to investigate this pathway.Volitional manoeuvres assessment of the strength of respiratory muscles (Sniff and SNIP) and non-volitional (Magnetic stimulation) and RREPs were recorded in healthy and children suffering from respiratory and neuromuscular diseases.Respiratory muscle strength values recorded in different groups by these techniques were similar. The components of RREPs recorded at C3-Cz and C4-Cz have all been found in healthy children and patients. Only N1 and P2 were more often collected from patients with neuromuscular diseases than in children with lung disease (p <0.005).These studies have shown that muscle strength breathing can be assessed by different manoeuvres in children with chronic lung diseases, neuromuscular diseases and thatChildren show alterations of RREPs
Évaluation du travail respiratoire dans l’insuffisance respiratoire aiguë de l’enfant
No full textChez l’enfant, l’insuffisance respiratoire aiguë est responsable de la majeure partie des admissions en soins intensifs. La population pédiatrique étant marquée par une grande hétérogénéité en termes d’âge, de pathologie respiratoire et de maturation pulmonaire, une individualisation de la prise en charge thérapeutique est indispensable. Dans ce contexte, différents outils sont disponibles pour évaluer de manière plus objective le travail respiratoire du patient en insuffisance respiratoire aiguë.
Objectifs - Le principal objectif de la thèse est d’évaluer l’intérêt diagnostique et thérapeutique de la mesure du travail respiratoire dans l’insuffisance respiratoire aiguë hypercapnique de l’enfant.
Méthodes - Trois principaux outils d’évaluation du travail respiratoire ont été utilisés dans nos travaux : la mesure des pressions œsogastriques, la mesure de l’activité électrique du diaphragme et la mesure de la consommation en oxygène par la calorimétrie.
Résultats - Nous avons pu mettre en évidence les intérêts de ces outils de mesure aux différents stades d’évolution de la maladie : (i) à la phase initiale pour indiquer l’initiation d’une ventilation noninvasive et pour optimiser ces réglages ; (ii) à la phase d’évolution de la maladie pour évaluer l’interaction patient-ventilateur ; (iii) à la phase de sevrage ventilatoire pour détecter précocement une augmentation du travail respiratoire.
Conclusion - Tout au long du processus évolutif de la maladie, la surveillance objective du travail respiratoire peut aider à comprendre les mécanismes de la maladie pulmonaire, optimiser les réglages de l’assistance respiratoire, et adapter les interventions thérapeutiques.Acute respiratory failure is the leading cause of hospital admissions in the pediatric intensive care unit and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Since the pediatric population is characterized by a great heterogeneity in terms of age and respiratory pathology, individualization of therapeutic management is essential. Different minimally invasive methods have been described to assess the patient's work of breathing in acute respiratory failure.
Objectives - The main objective of the project was to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic contribution of the measurement of the work of breathing in children with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure.
Methods - We used in the present work three tools to assess the work of breathing: oesogastric pressures, electrical activity of the diaphragm monitoring and oxygen consumption measurements.
Results - We highlighted how these different methods are valuable during the ICU stay: (i) in the early phase of the disease to initiate or withdraw noninvasive ventilation and to optimize its settings; (ii) in the recovery phase to evaluate the patient-ventilator interaction; (iii) during the weaning process to early detect an increase in work of breathing.
Conclusion - Throughout the disease process, the work of breathing assessment can be useful to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of lung disease, to optimize mechanical ventilation settings and adapt therapeutic interventions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Respiratory polygraphy in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a retrospective study
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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