18 research outputs found
Winou el shabab? Where are our youth? Arab Jacobins, State repression, Islamic radicalization and the continuous fight for a democratic turn
No full textThe idea of this volume is to bring into focus some “images of transformations” that
cross the space of the post-Arab-Spring Mediterranean. We begin with Fatima, promoter and leader of a network of Tunisian women who have lost their children and husbands in the migration. Her words, her question provided the title of this book: Winou el chabeb? Where are our youth
Arabic-English Code Switching in the Egyptian Talk Show ‘Shabab Beek’
No full textabstract: This sociolinguistic study examines the various functions of Arabic-English code switching in the Egyptian talk show ‘Shabab Beek (literally: Young by You; communicatively: The Young Speak)’. In addition, this study investigates the syntactic categories and types of switches to English. The data consist of approximately four hours and forty-five minutes of YouTube videos of the talk show in which code switching to English occurred. The videos are collected from six episodes of the show that were aired in October 2010. The show featured three categories of speakers, show hosts, guests, and callers. The findings show that most of the switches were produced by show hosts and guests while callers produced very few switches due perhaps to the limited number of phone calls received in the selected episodes. The speakers mostly used nouns when they switched to English. Nouns are followed by adjectives and noun phrases. The most prevalent type of switches in the data is tag switches followed by intrasentential and intersentential switches, which occurred rarely. Finally, analysis revealed eight functions of code switching in the data. These are difficulty retrieving an Arabic expression, quotation, euphemism, reiteration, message qualification, academic or technical terms, association with certain domains, and objectivization.Dissertation/ThesisMasters Thesis English 201
Text Variants and First Person Domain in Author Identification: Hermeneutic versus Computerized Methods
No full textSince a language variety contains shared variants, and since a complete correlation between author and linguistic features is rarely acquired, it is suggested that linguistic features which fall outside the correlational agreement in a variety belong to the author's First Person Domain (FPD). Advances in computerized vocabulary profiling and readability provide useful characterization of features found in Academic English (AE), but they cannot capture the full range of linguistic features in a text. A corpus of about 38 extracts and texts (111.000 words) from local and international authors is analyzed to determine interpersonal and intrapersonal variations. The results show that language variation determines the features of FPD which are crucial for author identification and that computational methods are not adequately sensitive to insure a hundred percent author identification. Therefore, epistemological author identity profile (AIP) is suggested to plot alleged texts against the socio-physical and epistemological parameters of alleging authors.
PREVALENCE OF SKIN PROBLEMS AND IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN YOUNG SWIMMERS
No full textBackground: A cross-sectional research design was used to measure the prevalence of skin problems among competing swimmers and to measure the effect of skin problems on swimming and overall quality of life. Methods: A total number of 42 swimmers participated in this study. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed to identify self-reported skin problems and their relationship to the perceived pool environment. Effect of skin problems on the quality of life was also measured. Data analysis was done using Chi-Square, Pearson Correlation and ANOVA. A total number of 42 male and female swimmers with a mean age of 20.0 participated in this study. Results: There were 45.2% male and 54.8% female swimmers. The majority of the participants (52.4%) were 3rd year students. Overall prevalence of skin problems in the last one year was 78.6% with 16.7% cases of athlete’s foot, 9.5% cases of ear infections, 9.5% cases of eczema, 85% cases of itching, 50% cases of rashes and only 2.4% cases of warts. There were 42.9% participants, who perceived swimming pool as the cause of their skin problems. Only 33.3% participants received treatment for their skin problems. Only 28.6% reported having complications because of skin problems like getting hospitalized in 9.5% cases. Only a few participants reported having an effect on their quality of life i.e. missing out training (19%) and missing out participation in an upcoming competition (11.9%). Chi-Square revealed significant differences (p=0.000) between the prevalence of skin problems of male and female swimmers. A significant positive relationship (r=0.048) was found between perceived swimming pool environment and skin problems. There was no significant effect of skin problems on the quality of life (p=0.208) of male and female swimmers. Conclusion: Significant differences between the prevalence of skin problems of male and female swimmers was observed. Female swimmers experienced skin problems more frequently as compared to the male swimmers. Â
Linguistic Experience and Identity: Contextualizing the Mental Lexicon In English-Arabic Poetry Translation
No full textMonolingual Language behavior rests on three components: human agent, code and message. Translation processing requires three more constructs: translator, two codes, and a message in two texts. Equivalence theories attempted to supersede faithfulness and sameness of meaning in translation, but equivalence is a “convenience”, and is “always relative” (Baker 1992). Translational commensurability and semantic transportation thwart obtaining equivalence; therefore, the Interpretive Frame includes experience and identity among the elements necessary for any translation (Author, 2008). To explore poetic aesthetics, experience is related to personality observed in the Mental lexicon, while identity is related to phonic appeal observed in euphony. These relations are investigated in Arabic translations of English poems by Coleridge, Keats, Tennyson, Wordsworth, and Auden. Preliminary results show that: 1) the Mental Lexicon and euphony vary according to experience and identity, 2) contextualizing lexical appropriateness, euphony and metaphors contributes to poetic aesthetics
Prototyping a Mobile Application Aimed to Streamline the Process of Preparing for Medical School Applications
No full textabstract: Less than half of all premedical applicants get accepted into a medical school, 39.3% of applicants to be precise, and that statistic is based on the number of matriculants out of the total applicants in 2015. With such a discouraging acceptance rate, many students who start out as premed are often not towards the end of their undergraduate career and post-graduation because they do not feel prepared for medical school. It’s difficult for premed students to find all the information they need in one place rather than going from place to place or school website to school website. Additionally, it can be a hassle for premeds to keep track of all their coursework and calculate separate GPAs for each category especially due to how annoying Excel spread sheets can be. This is where the conceptualization of Premed Portfolio comes in. Premed Portfolio is a prototype mobile application. Premed Portfolio aims to streamline the process of preparing for medical school by guiding students to create a portfolio aimed to address the most important aspects of a medical school application. Students will be able to keep track of their cumulative GPA, BCPM (also known as science/math) GPA, MCAT Scores, prerequisite coursework and many more targeted areas of medical school. Premed Portfolio will also hope to use the stats that students provide and educate them on their chances of getting into medical school
ظاهرة الانزياح في أشعار إيليا أبي ماضي : دراسة تحليلية أسلوبية أدبية
No full textINDONESIA:
Uslub (Stile) adalah salah satu unsur interinsik sastra yang merupakan indikator keindahan yang paling tampak. Karena itulah ia memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk karya sastra dari dalam. Ilmu yang membahas tentang hal tersebut adalah uslubiah (stilistika). Uslubiah (stilistika) menekankan pada struktur lahir tulisan penulis. Salah satu bidang kajian ilmu tersebut adalah inziah, yaitu penyimpangan dari kaidah kebahasaan. Dari pemaparan tersebut, peneliti mengajukan dua pertanyaan yang berkenaan dengan inziah, 1. apa al-Inziah al-Istibdali yang terdapat di puisi-puisi Elia Abu Madli? 2. apa al-Inziah al-Tarkibi yang terdapat pada puisi-puisi Elia Abu Madli? Tujuan dari penelitian tersebut adalah 1. untuk mengetahui al-Inziah al-Istibdali yang ada pada puisi-puisi Elia Abu Madli, 2. untuk mengetahui al-Inziah al-Tarkibi pada puisi-puisi Elia Abu Madli.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka dengan pendekatan uslubiah (stilistika) dengan mengkaji inziah. Sedangkan langkah-langkah yang diaplikasikan pada penelitian ini, pertama membaca puisi-puisi Elia Abu Madli kemudian memahaminya, kedua memilih ungkapan-ungkapan yang mengandung unsur inziah, baik al-istibdali ataupun al-tarkibi, ketiga mengelompokkan ungkapan-ungkapan yang telah ditemukan pada kategori yang sesuai, keempat menjelaskan ungkapan-ungkapan tersebut dengan dikuatkan teori-teori yang sesuai pula.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ditemukan al-Inziah al-Istibdali berupa sebelas bentuk tasybih. Di antaranya dua tasybih baligh dan empat tasybih mursal mujmal pada puisi “Asy-Syabab Abu al-Mukjizat”, dua tasybih mursal mujmal pada puisi “Al-Ghad Lana”, dan tasybih mursal mufashal dan dua tasybih mursal mujmal pada puisi “La Yudriku al-Haram an-Nujum”. Serta berupa Sembilan bentuk istiarah. Di antaranya satu istiarah tashrihiyah dan lima istiarah makniah pada puisi “Asy-Syabab Abu al-Mukjizat”, dua istiarah makniah pada puisi “Al-Ghad Lana”, dan satu istiarah makniah pasa puisi “La Yudriku al-Haram an-Nujum”.
Sedangkan al-Inziah al-Tarkibi yang terdapat pada puisi-puisi tersebut berupa hadzfu (membuang). Di antaranya hadzfu nida’ pada puisi “Asy-Syabab Abu al-Mukjizat” satu kali, hadzfu mubtada’ pada puisi “Asy-Syabab Abu al-Mukjizat” tiga kali dan pada puisi “La Yudriku al-Haram an-Nujum” satu kali, hadzfu munada pada puisi “Asy-Syabab Abu al-Mukjizat” satu kali, hadzfu mufadlal alaih pada puisi “Asy-Syabab Abu al-Mukjizat” satu kali. Dan terdapat tiga bentuk taqdim. Di antaranya tadqim naat atas man’ut pada puisi “Asy-Syabab Abu al-Mukjizat” satu kali, taqdim harf jar dan yang dijarkan pada puisi “Asy-Syabab Abu al-Mukjizat” dua kali dan pada puisi “Al-Ghad Lana” empat kali dan pada puisi “La Yudriku al-Haram an-Nujum” enam kali, taqdim dharf pada puisi “Asy-Syabab Abu al-Mukjizat” dua kali dan pada puisi “Al-Ghad Lana” satu kali.
ENGLISH:
Uslub (Style) is one is one of the literature’s intrinsic elements which is a most visible beauty indicator. That's why it has an important role in creating the literary work of elements inside. Science which deals with it is Uslubiah (stylistic). Uslubiah (stylistic) emphasizes the tangible aspects of writing from the author. One area of scientific study is inziah, the deviation from the rule of language. Of the explanation, writer asked two questions relating to inziah, 1. What al-Inziah al-Istibdali is contained in Elia Abu Madli’s poetry? 2. What al-Inziah al-Tarkibi is contained in Elia Abu Madli’s poetry? The purpose of the study was 1. to know al-Inziah al-Istibdali that exists in Elia Abu Madli’s poetry, 2. to know al-Inziah al-Tarkibi in Elia Abu Madli’s poetry.
This research is a library research with uslubiah (stylistic) approach by inziah review. While the steps which applied in this study are, the first reading the Elia Abu Madli’s poetry then understanding them, the second selecting phrases that contain elements al-inziah, al-istibdali or al-tarkibi, the third grouping the found phrases in the appropriate category, the fourth explaining those phrases by strengthening appropriate theories.
The results of this study are finding al-Inziah al-Istibdali in eleven forms of tasybih. They are two tasybih baligh and four tasybih mursal mujmal in the poem "Ash-Shabab Abu al-Mukjizat", two tasybih mursal mujmal in the poem "Al-Ghad Lana", and tasybih mursal mufashal and two tasybih mursal mujmal in the poem "La Yudriku al-Haram an-Nujum". And nine forms of istiarah. They are an istiarah tashrihiyah and five istiarah makniah in the poem "Ash-Shabab Abu al-Mukjizat", two istiarah makniah in the poem "Al-Ghad Lana", and an istiarah makniah in the poem "La Yudriku al-Haram an-Nujum".
While Al-Inziah al-Tarkibi contained in the poetry is hadzfu (deleting). They are hadzfu Nida 'in the poem "Ash-Shabab Abu al-Mukjizat" once, hadzfu mubtada' in the poem "Ash-Shabab Abu al-Mukjizat" three times and in the poem "La Yudriku al-Haram an-Nujum" once, hadzfu munada in the poem "Ash-Shabab Abu al-Mukjizat" once, hadzfu mufadlal alaih in the poem "Ash-Shabab Abu al-Mukjizat" once. And there are three forms of taqdim. They are tadqim naat on man'ut in the poem "Ash-Shabab Abu al-Mukjizat" once, taqdim harf jar wa al-majrur in the poem "Ash-Shabab Abu al-Mukjizat” twice and in the poem "Al-Ghad Lana" four times and in the poem "La Yudriku al-Haram an-Nujum" six times, taqdim dharf in the poem "Ash-Shabab Abu al-Mukjizat" twice and in the poem "Al-Ghad Lana" once.
ARABIC:
الأسلوب من عناصر الأدب الداخلية. هو من أبراز صفاته الجمال. لذلك، له دور مهم في تحقيق النص داخليا. والعلم الذي يبحث فيه الأسلوب هو دراسة أسلوبية. الأسلوبية تهتمّ بما ظهر من كتابة الأديب. وأحد من الظاهرة الأسلوبية النقدية هو الانزياح يعنى خروج الكلام عن نسقه المألوف. من ذلك الحجة قدمت الباحثة سؤالين متعلقين بالانزياح، الأول ما ظاهرة الانزياح الاستبدالي في أشعار إيليا أبي ماضي؟ والثاني ما ظاهرة الانزياح التركيبي في أشعار إيليا أبي ماضي؟ وأهدافهما الأول لمعرفة ظاهرة الانزياح الاستبدالي في أشعار إيليا أبي ماضي، والثاني لمعرفة ظاهرة الانزياح التركيبي في أشعار إيليا أبي ماضي.
هذا البحث من الدراسة المكتبية بمدخل الدراسة الأسلوبية بظاهرة الانزياح. أما خطوات تحليل البيانات التى قامت بها الباحثة في هذا البحث، الأوّل قراءة الأشعار الثلاثة لإيليا أبو ماضي، ثم مطالعتها ثم فهمها، والثاني أخذ العبارات التي لها انزياح، استبداليا كان أو تركيبيا، والثالث تصنيف العبارات بالصنف المطابق، والرابع شرح العبارات بالنظريات المطابقة.
نتائج البحث من تلك الأشعار الثلاثة هي ظاهرات الانزياح الاستبدالي في تلك الأشعار توجد أحد عشر تشبيها. منها تشبيهان بليغان و أربعة تشبهات مرسلة مجملة في شعر "الشباب أبو المعجزات"؛ تشبهان مرسلان مجملان في شعر "الغد لنا"؛ وتشبيه مرسل مفصل وتشبهان مرسلان مجملان في شعر "لا يدرك الهرم النجوم". وتوجد تسع استعارات منها استعارة تصريحية وخمس استعارات مكنية في شعر "الشباب أبو المعجزات" واستعارتان مكنيتان في شعر "الغد لنا" واستعارة مكنية في شعر "لا يدرك الهرم النجوم".
ظاهرات الانزياح التركيبي في تلك الأشعار توجد أربعة أحذاف منها حذف النداء في شعر "الشباب أبو المعجزات" مرة، وحذف المبتداء في شعر "الشباب أبو المعجزات" ثلاث مرات و في شعر "لا يدرك الهرم النجوم" مرة، وحذف المنادى في شعر "الشباب أبو المعجزات" مرة، وحذف المفضل عليه في شعر "الشباب أبو المعجزات" مرة. وتوجد ثلاثة تقديمات منها تقديم النعت على المنعوت في شعر "الشباب أبو المعجزات" مرة، وتقديم الجار والمجرور في شعر "الشباب أبو المعجزات" مرتين وفي شعر "الغد لنا" أربع مرات وفي شعر "لا يدرك الهرم النجوم" ست مرات، وتقديم الظرف في شعر "الشباب أبو المعجزات" مرتين وفي شعر "الغد لنا" مرة
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Correction to "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension Subtypes Among the Adult Population in Nepal: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey Data" [Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019;10(6):327-36].
No full textIn the article entitled Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension Subtypes Among the Adult Population in Nepal: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey Data [1], the name of the second author, Animesh Talukdar, was incorrect.
(Osong Public Health Res Perspect (2019) 10:6 (327-336) DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.6.02
Protective effects of various dosage of Curcumin against morphine induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat isolated hippocampus
No full textBackground During recent years, the defensive role of Curcumin against oxidative stress and apoptosis has been experimentally documented. Long term consumption of morphine induces apoptosis and oxidative stress which may cause serious damage to brain cells. To investigate whether Curcumin could protect rat's hippocampus against morphine induced destruction, we assessed isolated hippocampus cells for oxidative stress, anti oxidant factor and apoptotic factor activities. Methods For this, 40 adult male rats were taken and randomly allocated to one of the five groups. Groups 1 and 2 received morphine (45 mg/kg) and normal saline (0.2 ml/rat) respectively for four weeks. Groups 3, 4 and 5 concurrently were treated with morphine (45 mg/kg, sc) and Curcumin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) for four weeks. Results The results showed that morphine significantly increased lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial GSH level, concentration of Bax; caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities while decreasing Bcl-2 concentration. Further, a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity was also observed. Various dosage of Curcumin attenuated these effects by significantly lowering lipid peroxidation, GSSG level, Bax concentration, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities, while increasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, GSH level and Bcl-2 concentration. Conclusions These findings have demonstrated that Curcumin can act as an antioxidant and antiapoptotic agent against damage induced by morphine dependence. © 2014 Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences
The effect of various morphine weaning regimens on the sequelae of opioid tolerance involving physical dependency, anxiety and hippocampus cell neurodegeneration in rats
No full textChronic consumption of morphine induces physical dependency, anxiety, and neurodegeneration. In this study, morphine on its own has been used for the management of morphine-induced dependency, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Forty-eight male rats were randomly divided into six groups. Rats in groups 1-5 were made morphine dependent by an increasing manner of morphine for 7 days (15-45 mg/kg). For the next 14 days, morphine was administered using the following regimen: (i) once daily 45 mg/kg (positive controls), (ii) the same dose at additional intervals (6 h longer than the previous intervals each time), (iii) 45 mg/kg of morphine at irregular intervals like of 12, 24, 36 h, (iv) decreasing dose once daily (every time 2.5 mg/kg less than the former dosage). Group 5 received 45 mg/kg of morphine and 10 mg/kg of SOD mimetic agent (M40401) injection per day. Group 6 (negative control) received saline solution only. On day 22, all animals received naloxone (3 mg/kg) and their Total Withdrawal Index (TWI) and blood cortisol levels were measured. After drug treatment, hippocampus cells were isolated, and oxidative, antioxidative, and apoptotic factors were evaluated. Various regimens of morphine reduced TWI, cortisol levels, Bax activity, caspase-3, caspase-9, TNF-α, and IL-1β and lipid peroxidation. In all treatment groups, GSH level, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and Bcl-2 activity were significantly increased. Furthermore, SOD mimetic agent c diminished morphine effect on SOD activity. Thus, varying the dosage regimen of morphine can reduce the severity of morphine-induced dependency and neurodegeneration. © 2015 Société Française de Pharmacologie et de Thérapeutique
