8 research outputs found
Prefiguring Alternative Organizing: Confronting marginalization through projective cultural adjustment and tempered autonomy
No full textIn this paper, we examine community collectives – place-based, community-led initiatives for sustainable livelihood, as an alternative to the top-down, efficiency-driven economic model. Drawing on the theoretical framework of prefigurative organizing, we examined the strategies employed by community members in confronting entrenched inequalities and overcoming marginalization as they envision and engage in inclusive futures. We conducted a comparative case study of two exemplary community collectives in India that exhibited differences in the degrees of internal and external marginalization. We identified two key cross-cutting themes of prefigurative organizing: projective cultural adjustment – whether a community leverages their traditional culture or breaks away from it, and tempered autonomy – negotiating autonomy without overtly challenging dominant groups, and exercising self-imposed restraints to make independent decisions. We show how these two themes manifested across three key processes of prefigurative organizing: prefiguring self-governance; commoning; and cultivating discursive spaces. These findings help us theorize that in communities where the degree of internal marginalization is high due to persisting social hierarchies, breaking away from past discriminatory practices, incorporating suspension of consent in the decision-making process, and introducing multiple constructive works are essential components of prefigurative organizing. In communities where the degree of external marginalization is high, building on the past, incorporating refusal in decision-making, and introducing unified constructive work are important components of prefigurative organizing. We suggest that prefigurative organizing against the dominant power structure, whether within community social hierarchies or external exploitative political-economic structures, is based on selective and strategic engagement without seeking an exit, as exit might not be an option for place-based communities. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this research for alternative organizing and grand challenges.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by IDRC Doctoral Research Award (# 107473-99906075- 074 to Babita Bhatt) and the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (GRF Grants: PolyU 548210 to Israr Qureshi and PolyU 549211 to Babita Bhatt and Israr Qureshi)
Sometimes it’s good, sometimes it’s bad: intergroup contact, personality, and weight bias
No full textBackground: Higher body weight individuals are frequently the targets of negative weight-based attitudes, at times resulting in discrimination. Workplace discrimination harms the well-being of larger individuals by increasing their stress levels and reducing their chances of being hired or promoted. Thus, understanding why people hold these negative attitudes is important. Further, little is known about the role personality characteristics (e.g., essentialist thinking) play in the formation of these attitudes. The aim of this study then was to examine how body weight affects competence-based judgements of female employees, and furthermore, to determine whether an individual’s personality features influence these judgements.
Methods: College students (N = 161) from a northeastern university were recruited to participate in this study, and the study took place entirely online. Participants were mostly female (60.9%), the average age was 20.64 years (SD = 3.29), and the average BMI was 25.40 (SD = 5.06). Our sample was ethnically diverse, with participants identifying as White (45.3%), Black (29.8%), Hispanic (18.0%), Asian (9.3%), and other (3.7%). Participants responded to twelve images of three identically dressed women of varying body sizes. Participants were asked to rate each image on a 6-item global competence measure (Howelett et al., 2015), completed personality and bias measures, and were asked what they believed the study was about.
Results: Most participants (82%) reported believing the study was about weight/physical appearance and how that influenced judgments of work ability or competence. Regardless of their understanding of the purpose of the study, participants still assigned significantly lower competence ratings when the target female was ‘obese’ (M = 4.30, SD = 1.15) than ‘overweight’ (M = 4.81, SD = 0.96) or ‘normal weight’ (M = 4.90, SD = 1.00; F(2, 159) = 26.53, p < .001, η2 = .14). Using Repeated Measures ANCOVAs, we found that Essentialist Entitativity beliefs had a small but not significant effect on competence ratings (F(2, 159) = 2.26, p = .108, η2 = .02), and Need for Cognitive Closure had a small significant effect (F(2,159) = 3.88, p = .022, η2 = .02).
Discussion: These findings are consistent with past research revealing a link between ratings of competence and body size. Specifically, individuals with larger body sizes were deemed to be less competent than individuals with smaller body sizes.This poster was presented at the first annual Celebration of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity while the author was an undergraduate student at Rutgers University-Camden
Weight bias in the workplace: does personality matter?
No full textHigher body-weight individuals are frequently stigmatized and face prejudice and discrimination.Additionally, experiences of weight stigmatization are associated with several negative consequences. However, less is known about effective means for reducing weight bias. One strategy that has shown success in other areas of prejudice reduction, yet is less tested for weight bias reduction, is intergroup contact. Other research has emphasized the importance of person-based factors (Social Dominance Orientation (SDO); Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA); etc.) in the development of prejudice. Less is known, however, about the role these variables play in the formation of negative attitudes toward higher body weight individuals, or how these variables might influence attitude change in the contact context. Participants (N = 639) were recruited from a northeastern university, and the study was completed online. The sample was a majority female (75.1%) and the average age was 20.80 (sd = 4.81). As expected, SDO and RWA were both significantly positively correlated with weight bias (rs = 0.13-0.45). Additionally, positive contact was significantly negatively correlated with weight bias (rs = -0.32- -0.37) and negative contact was significantly positively correlated with weight bias (rs = 0.36-0.40). Also as expected, positive contact was more frequent (M = 4.73, sd = 1.31) than negative contact (M = 2.33, sd = 1.15). Finally, in a simultaneous regression predicting weight bias (R2 = .21, F (2, 637) = 85.88, p <.001), negative contact (β = 0.33, t(635) = 9.36, p < .001) was found to have a stronger effect than positive contact (β = 0.29, t(635) = -8.20, p < .001). Personality effects were mixed and minimal. This study adds to the literature by examining the effects of positive and negative contact on weight bias. Consistent with previous studies, we found that although positive contact with higher body weight individuals in more common than negative contact, negative contact has a stronger influence on negative weight-based attitudes.This poster was presented at the first annual Celebration of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity while the author was an undergraduate student at Rutgers University-Camden
Android Maze Game for Children as an Autism Therapy
Get PDFSmartphone technology is increasingly used to help things in everyday life and becoming more sophisticated in mobile application. Nowadays it use to handling children with special needs, particularly children with autism. A game application could provide the therapist with game module and approach that is suitable for them to conduct the therapy. This study identify an alternative option of edutainment design that may be usable for ASD's children. The study in an autism therapy field can be improved in this research by using motion sensors on mobile devices tools to facilitate them. Therefore, we have develop an android application of a maze game that are suitable to use as a medium for play therapy specially for children with autism. The game is simple, easy to use and integrates interactivity and fun activities where user can learn more than just a common game
The pipeline project: Pre-publication independent replications of a single laboratory's research pipeline
Get PDFThis crowdsourced project introduces a collaborative approach to improving the reproducibility of scientific research, in which findings are replicated in qualified independent laboratories before (rather than after) they are published. Our goal is to establish a non-adversarial replication process with highly informative final results. To illustrate the Pre-Publication Independent Replication (PPIR) approach, 25 research groups conducted replications of all ten moral judgment effects which the last author and his collaborators had "in the pipeline" as of August 2014. Six findings replicated according to all replication criteria, one finding replicated but with a significantly smaller effect size than the original, one finding replicated consistently in the original culture but not outside of it, and two findings failed to find support. In total, 40% of the original findings failed at least one major replication criterion. Potential ways to implement and incentivize pre-publication independent replication on a large scale are discussed
The pipeline project: Pre-publication independent replications of a single laboratory's research pipeline
Get PDFThis crowdsourced project introduces a collaborative approach to improving the reproducibility of scientific research, in which findings are replicated in qualified independent laboratories before (rather than after) they are published. Our goal is to establish a non-adversarial replication process with highly informative final results. To illustrate the Pre-Publication Independent Replication (PPIR) approach, 25 research groups conducted replications of all ten moral judgment effects which the last author and his collaborators had “in the pipeline” as of August 2014. Six findings replicated according to all replication criteria, one finding replicated but with a significantly smaller effect size than the original, one finding replicated consistently in the original culture but not outside of it, and two findings failed to find support. In total, 40% of the original findings failed at least one major replication criterion. Potential ways to implement and incentivize pre-publication independent replication on a large scale are discussed
The pipeline project:Pre-publication independent replications of a single laboratory's research pipeline
Get PDFThis crowdsourced project introduces a collaborative approach to improving the reproducibility of scientific research, in which findings are replicated in qualified independent laboratories before (rather than after) they are published. Our goal is to establish a non-adversarial replication process with highly informative final results. To illustrate the Pre-Publication Independent Replication (PPIR) approach, 25 research groups conducted replications of all ten moral judgment effects which the last author and his collaborators had "in the pipeline" as of August 2014. Six findings replicated according to all replication criteria, one finding replicated but with a significantly smaller effect size than the original, one finding replicated consistently in the original culture but not outside of it, and two findings failed to find support. In total, 40% of the original findings failed at least one major replication criterion. Potential ways to implement and incentivize pre-publication independent replication on a large scale are discussed. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc
Substantial and sustained reduction in under-5 mortality, diarrhea, and pneumonia in Oshikhandass, Pakistan : Evidence from two longitudinal cohort studies 15 years apart
Get PDFFunding Information: Study 1 was funded through the Applied Diarrheal Disease Research Program at Harvard Institute for International Development with a grant from USAID (Project 936–5952, Cooperative Agreement # DPE-5952-A-00-5073-00), and the Aga Khan Health Service, Northern Areas and Chitral, Pakistan. Study 2 was funded by the Pakistan US S&T Cooperative Agreement between the Pakistan Higher Education Commission (HEC) (No.4–421/PAK-US/HEC/2010/955, grant to the Karakoram International University) and US National Academies of Science (Grant Number PGA-P211012 from NAS to the Fogarty International Center). The funding bodies had no role in the design of the study, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or writing of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s).Peer reviewe
