45 research outputs found
Poetics of Cross-cultural Assimilation: A Study of Taufiq Rafat’s ‘Reflections’
Full text link‘Reflections’ is one of Taufiq Rafat’s longest, most complex poems, with significant philosophical contours and symbolism. It is also the most important in a very personal sense. The author presents a study of this poem as based on three major themes: the concepts of Birth, Death and Rebirth, the relationship between life and art and the mystic apprehension of the artistic, poetic experience
Penerapan Model Isotermal untuk Adsorpsi Statik Xanthan pada Batuan Pasir untuk Berbagai Salinitas
Full text linkSalah satu fenomena yang biasa terjadi selama injeksi polimer adalah adsorpsi. Fenomena ini memainkan peran penting, karena mereka mempengaruhi sifat batuan dan fluida. Adanya lapisan polimer teradsorpsi akan diameter pori. Hal ini akan menghambat aliran fluida. Dalam kajian ini dilakukan pengamatan pengaruh konsentrasi dan salinitas terhadap adsorpsi xanthan pada butiran pasir dalam sistem statik (batch). Konsentrasi xanthan divariasikan dari 200 ppm hingga 2,000 ppm sedangkan salinitas divariasikan dari 10,000 ppm hingga 20,000 ppm. Butiran pasir yang digunakan berukuran pasir 100 mesh (0.149 mm). Percobaan dilakukan pada suhu ruang. Pengukuran absorben dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektrophotometer pada panjang gelombang cahaya tampak sebesar 600 nm. Tiga model adsorpsi isothermal digunakan dalam kajian ini yaitu Langmuir, Freundlich, dan Simha-Frish-Eirich untuk membuat korelasi antara konsentrasi partikel teradsorpsi dan konsentrasi larutan xanthan dalam kesetimbangan. Berdasarkan hal pengamatan disimpulkan bahwa tingkat adsorpsi berkurang dengan bertambahnya salinitas. Dalam kajian ini secara umum penerapan model Freundlich memberikan hasil terbaik dalam menggambarkan proses adsorpsi xanthan
The application of lattice gas automata for simulating polymer injection porous media
Full text linkThe simulation of polymer displacement in a reservoir is one of the important techniques in petroleum engineering that is used to predict the performance of oil production. Modeling of polymer flow through a porous medium is often derived by a macroscopic scale approach. In order to gain better insight of the polymer flow, a pore scale (mesoscale) model is applied in this thesis to determine the macroscopic properties. The objectives of this research are to develop the Frisch-Hasslacher-Pomeau (FHP) III models of lattice gas automata to simulate microscopic polymer and oil flow for the study of macroscopic properties of adsorption, gelation and polymer displacement phenomena. In the single-phase flow simulation, collision rules of interactions between polymer and solid material for adsorption and gelation processes were proposed. Correlations between various macroscopic properties such as polymer concentration, porosity, surface length, pore width were obtained. In general, the lattice gas automata simulations were in good agreement with previous studies, where the differences between them were between 2.0% to 17.4%. In the two-phase flow simulation, the displacement mechanism for various mobility ratio and adsorption rate was estimated. The change of saturation in dead-end pores during the displacement was analyzed. The results of the two-phase flow simulations were in good agreement with those of laboratory experiments, where differences of all parameters were between 3.1% to 18.4%. The computation time is a crucial factor influencing the feasibility of a mesoscale model application in simulating large porous media. Due to the nature of lattice gas automata, the simulation can run using parallel computers effectively. The use of parallel computers is able to reduce the computation time problem. In this thesis, a parallel computation technique has been proposed to run the lattice gas automata simulation. A cluster system and standalone computers were used to simulate communicating and non-communicating flow in porous media, respectively. The results of the parallel simulations were in good agreement with those of single simulations, where maximum difference of all parameters was 3.93%. The computation time was reduced by a factor that ranged from 1.9083 to 14.3411
A numerical study of pressure changes in dead-end pores
No full textDead-end pores are usually present in natural porous media especially in consolidated sandstone and limestone rocks. However, the presence of the dead-end pores is usually ignored. Then, the influences of the dead end pores to the flow system are also neglected. In this paper, pressure changes for the periods of transient and steady state of the dead-end pores are studied using lattice gas automata model. A simulation result is compared with the past works. They show that the model is viable to perform simulation of dead-end pore pressure. Some parameters such as pressure distribution and size of neck and body of the dead-end pores are varied to examine their effects. We found that the parameters affect the rate of pressure change during transient period. In addition, the parameters also affect the pressure fluctuation during steady state period. The dead-end pores have function either as source or sink in the transient period depend on initial and injection pressures. During steady state period, the dead-end pores behave both as source and sink since the pressure in the pores fluctuates around an equilibrium pressure between the pressure of dead-end pore and that of main channel at the neck position of dead-end pore
Analisis Pengaruh Wetabilitas pada Kinerja Injeksi Air dan CO2 Menggunakan Metode Material Balance Pada Lapangan SNP
Full text linkSaat ini, CO2 flooding adalah salah satu teknik pemindahan yang paling menarik di lapangan-lapangan minyak. Injeksi CO2 akan memungkinkan minyak berinteraksi dengan CO2 dan memberikan peningkatan positif, sehingga minyak akan lebih mudah mengalir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan skenario penginjeksian terbaik yang memberikan perolehan minyak tertinggi antara injeksi air, injeksi CO2, serta injeksi air dan CO2 secara kontinyu pada kondisi batuan reservoir dengan kebasahan minyak dan reservoir dengan kebasahan air. Penelitian dilakukan pada Lapangan SNP menggunakan simulasi model material balance dengan lama penginjeksian sekitar 30 tahun. Lapangan SNP memiliki tiga regional (antiklin). Pengamatan dilakukan pada Region 2 dan Region 3. Untuk setiap region dibuat sepuluh skenario dengan variasi laju injeksi air dari 0 hingga 2000 STB/D dan variasi injeksi CO2 dari 0 hingga 0.5 MMSCF/D. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan perolehan minyak pada Region 2 berkisar antara 40.90% hingga 52.65%. Sedangkan perolehan minyak pada Region 3 berkisar antara 48.88% hingga 60.08%. Dari hasil perbandingan keduapuluh skenario pada kedua region, diperoleh bahwa injeksiCO2 memberikan kinerja terbaik pada reservoir oil wet. Sedangkan pada reservoir water wet kinerja injeksi air lebih baik daripada injeksi CO2. Skenario terbaik pada reservoir water wet adalah dengan penginjeksian air dan CO2 secara kontinyu
Modern Arabic literary biography : a study of character portrayal in the works of Egyptian biographers of the first half of the twentieth century, with special reference to literary biography
Full text linkIn Chapter one, I presented a comparative definition of the meaning of Sirah (PI.Siyar), Tarjamah (Pl. Tarajim), Manaqib, Tabaqat and Maghazi as they were understood in antiquity. I also showed how the meaning of Sirah in modern times has only narrowly developed. Although the method of biographical writing continuously developed in Europe, it hardly progressed in Modem Arabic Literature. The only exception was seen in the writings by the pioneers of enlightenment in Egypt at the beginning of the twentieth century. This change of direction relied on borrowing European methodology in biographical writing.
In chapter two, I reviewed the early attempts at writing biographies in the nineteenth century by Abd al Rahman al- Jabarti and Ali Mubarak. Although both were the first
pioneers in this respect, yet they followed the footpath of classical approach above all that of al-Maqarizi from whom -Ali Mubarak derived inspiration in his book Al-Khitat al-Tawfiqiyyah.
In chapter three, I studied the twentieth century, starting with traditional biography writers who could not employ European methodologies and whose writings oscillated between biographical notes and biographical sketches; or whose texts were more of a literary study than a biography proper.
In chapters four to nine, I selected the most renowned, productive writers who best represented methodologies of biography writing. Perhaps certain writers have not
been mentioned in this period of study. This is not out of negligence but simply because their texts were totally out of reach, or their writings did not exhibit the
required literary criteria.
All methodologies representing the theory of biography writing in Egypt have been analysed in these chapters. All, in fact, form a digestion or assimilation of French,English and German schools. In Egypt, Taha Husayn is considered the chairman of the French school, al-Mazini and al-Aqqad of the English/German schools, al-Nuwaihi of the psychoanalytical/anatomical school and Sidqi who employed both. By contrast, al Iryan was the trailblazer of the distinguished biographical novel.
In these chapters, I tried to lay out the general outlines these writers have produced in the production of biographical texts, and how these attempts were a successful step on the road of presenting literary biographies characterized by high world standards.
Chapter ten may well seem traditional, but it is important to give a comparative outlook on the views of biography writers themselves when they study and analyse
the same character.
Among the characters studied ,I selected Bashsliar, Abu Nuwas, Ibn al-Run-i, al-Mutanabbi and al-Maarri. These are outstanding landmarks in the history of Arab verse and the subject of a multitude of studies as well. Modern biographers took these figures as a test field for the deployment and employment of biographical methodologies. I selected these examples to provide comparisons and explain how far these biographies were successful in producing a biography or a profile of those classical poets.
The conclusion and the bibliographical list arrived at the end of research.
I wish, however, to clarify one important point here. It seems that I could not fix the year 1950 as the temporal parameter of my research but took some textswhich were
published shortly beyond that point. The reason for this obvious extension was either to give additional useful details or simply because chapters of such texts had already
been published prior to that year and were known to the readership.
At times I would satisfy myself with analysing the part rather than the whole. This again was meant to eschew repetition or was due to the fact that the book in question
was not available
THE IMPACT OF THE PRODUCTION OF NEIGHBOUR WELLS ON WELL PRODUCTIVITY IN A SHALE GAS RESERVOIR
Full text linkABSTRACT: A shale gas reservoir is a self-contained source-reservoir system, characterized by extremely low matrix-permeability and low porosity, which typically requires extensive fracturing to produce gas at commercial rates. This paper presents a simulation experiment, intended to study the impact of well interference on gas recovery in a shale gas reservoir. The simulation model was constructed to study well interference through variation of horizontal well length, fracture half length, number of fracture, and well spacing. The results show that the increment of recovery factor of a well in the presence of neighbour wells is up to 7%. In this study, fracture half length is the most influence parameter on recovery factor, initial rate and reservoir pressure decline.
ABSTRAK: Takungan gas syal merupakan sistem sumber-takungan kandung sendiri, khasnya kerana ia mempunyai kebolehtelapan-matriks yang begitu rendah dan keliangan yang rendah. Sifat sebegini memerlukan ia melalui peretakan yang ekstensif untuk menghasilkan gas pada nilai komersial. Kertas kerja ini membentangkan eksperimen simulasi yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji impak perigi interferens terhadap perolehan gas dalam takungan gas syal. Model simulasi di konstruksi untuk mengkaji interferens perigi; iaitu menerusi pelbagai variasi panjang mendatar perigi, retakan separuh panjang dan jarak perigi. Keputusan menunjukkan peningkatan faktor perolehan perigi sebanyak 7% dengan kehadiran perigi bersebelahan. Dalam kajian ini, retakan separuh panjang merupakan ciri utama dalam faktor perolehan, kadar awalan dan penurunan tekanan takungan
PEMIKIRAN MUHAMMAD ASY-SYAIBANI TENTANG KASB DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH
Full text linkThis research is motivated by the need to strengthen the framework of Islamic economic law, which is not only oriented towards material profit but also emphasizes justice, business ethics, and social responsibility amid the challenges of globalization and digitalization. The concept of kasb (work or effort) as initiated by Imam Muhammad asy-Syaibānī in his work Kitab al-Kasb is one of the fundamental references in classical Islamic economic thought. Asy-Syaibānī’s thought emphasizes that work is not merely an economic activity but also an act of worship and a means of achieving social justice. This research addresses the fundamental question of how asy-Syaibānī’s concept of kasb can be actualized within the framework of contemporary Islamic economic law.
This study uses a qualitative method with a library research approach. The primary source analyzed is Kitab al-Kasb by Muhammad asy-Syaibānī, using Friedrich Schleiermacher’s hermeneutics as the main theoretical approach. This approach allows an in-depth interpretation of classical texts by considering the historical, linguistic, and psychological context of the author. Thus, the values of kasb can be explored, understood, and applied in the context of modern Islamic economic law. Islamic economic law serves as the normative foundation to link the concept of kasb with contemporary issues in Islamic business law in the era of globalization and digitalization.
The results of this research show that asy-Syaibānī’s concept of kasb is highly relevant to the fundamental principles of Islamic economic law, especially in supporting the realization of the maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, such as the protection of wealth (hifz al-māl), fair distribution, and business ethics. Through the hermeneutical approach, Islamic work values such as honesty, responsibility, and justice can be integrated into e-commerce practices, worker protection, and the strengthening of sharia business regulations that are adaptive to digital era challenges. This research is expected to contribute theoretically and practically to strengthening a fair, sustainable, and contextual Islamic economic legal framework
Improving Gas Recovery of Water Drive Gas Reservoir
Full text linkA gas reservoir with bottom water drive has lower recovery factor compared to depletion drive gas reservoir. Along with the increase in gas demand and the majority of gas reservoirs are water-drive, a method that are still being developed to increase the recovey factor in water-drive gas reservoir is co-production method. This method reducing water influx by planned water production. In this study, a conceptual model of gas reservoir with depletion-drive and water-drive is build and being analyzed. Co-production technique is applied by adding one water production well to the water-drive gas reservoir. The recovery factor is being analyzed through some production scenarios. Sensitivity analysis are being done with parameters including: reservoir permeability, permeability anisotropy, aquifer volume, flow rate of water production, gas tubing head pressure, and gas well perforation interval Furthermore, experimental design, response surface methodology, and monte carlo simulation is used to analyze the influencing parameter of gas recovery factor. It is found from this study that co production increased gas recovery factor by 28% from water drive gas reservoir, with water production rate is the most influencing parameter
Design Optimization and Application of Hybrid Bit to Reduce a Well Cost in Geothermal Field
Full text linkHybrid bit is one of the innovations developed for very hard and abrasive formations such as in geothermal field. This bit eliminates the risk of losing cones, reduces tripping time, and increaseas ROP to reduce the well cost. The stage of data processing by calculating the UCS formation using D-BOS software and design optimization based on 9-7/8" bits simulations in granodiorite formations. The 1st phase was to determine the 4 best out of 7 hybrid bit designs that were selected from the highest ROP obtained, the most stable cutter cutting force, and the lowest vibration by comparing the results of FEA modeling of 1 ft drilling simulation. The 2nd phase is to choose 1 of the best from the 4 selected by doing 50 ft of drilling dynamics simulation which is assessed by directional capability, the durability, and the lowest MSE. In this study to improve drilling optimization in geothermal field, it was found that the Z616 hybrid bit design was the most optimal one. Based on 1st phase simulation, this bit was able to produce ROP of 6.38 mph, a stable cutter cutting force, very low average lateral 2.109 g and axial vibration 0.329 g. Furthermore, for the 2nd phase simulation of 50 ft, seen from the comparison of directional capability, this bit has a 0.91 deg/100 ft DLS in rotating mode, and 6.5 deg/100ft DLS in sliding mode means quite stable when drilling in rotary mode and easy to make some angle in slide mode. By its durability, the average value of lateral acceleration is 10 g, and the lateral force is 6 klbf. By MSE side, this bit also produces the lowest average MSE value of 769 psi. From the economic view, this bit can save USD 198,625 - USD 564,712 of a well cost
