125,581 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Present Energy Metabolism and the Future of Renewables
No full textMetabolism refers to the process of energy and material flows required to sustain the structure of an organism, ecosystem, or socioeconomic system (such as an urban area). The study of energy metabolism of an economy is insightful on both a local scale (city, region, or country) and on a global scale (world economy). A key feature contributing to the complexity of socioecologic systems is feedback, manifest in the presence of cycles. Material cycles in ecological systems are closed: mass is conserved throughout all cyclic paths. Furthermore, the incoming solar energy is maximally dissipated throughout cycles. Ecological systems have developed intricate couplings in order to reduce or eliminate energy or material waste, in juxtaposition to economic systems. What makes then an economy so inefficient compared to nature? On a local scale, the study of metabolism indicates that cities or countries are not a self-sustaining systems: they draw materials, energy, and information from the surrounding ecological and economic environment. Cyclic metabolic paths in the world economy are typically strictly (anti)- correlated to oil price. As showed in this chapter, the percentage of cycled material in trade was negatively correlated to oil price; this anti(correlation) scoring from 85 to 62% between 1960 and 2011. This shows that world metabolism is remarkably connected to the price of oil. In the long run, world metabolism is correlated to oil price because of the architecture of trading relationships. With low oil prices, the productive chain tends to unfold across countries, whereas with high oil prices the productive chain tends to shrink. Constraints and impediments to the complete success of renewable energy sources (RES) over fossil fuels are therefore based on certain factors which can be determined from a metabolic analysis of the economy: (1) energy source intensity, (2) the nonfungibility of oil in the transport sector, and (3) scale of production. Each factor raises particular questions which will be answered in this chapter. For example: Is the scale of the present economy/society (cities, countries, or world) strictly dependent on the intensity of fossil fuels? Can these scales of processes be sustained with energy sources at a lower intensity? What is the appropriate feedback between the scale of ecosystem services and scale of governance? Is circular economy attainable at the scale of the present global economy? These questions will be addressed in the light of energy metabolism
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Complexification in the Energiewende
No full textThe path toward a low-carbon economy takes three main parallel roads: the efficiency of energy conversion, the reduction of energy use and the substitution of fossil-fuels with renewable energy. This chapter will focus mainly on this latter aspect of the problem by analyzing how a transition toward renewable energy can pose a new challenge to economy and governance in terms of complexification of the system. The fate of renewable energy sources (RES) crucially depends on the power sector for electricity is still the main vector for renewable energy. The main features of the ongoing transition toward a renewable energy system are: (1) lower intensity of energy sources; (2) high efficiency of conversion; (3) temporal discontinuity; (4) free access to local and more decentralized energy sources; (5) dramatic change in the economic concept of energy scarcity; (6) new, leading role of the network. Is this process leading to a higher complexification? To answer to this question, we will analyze this energy transition in the light of the concept of complexity and sustainability by looking at the history of economic development and societal change prompted by new energy sources and new form of energy conversions. A particular emphasis will be given to the case study of Germany and recent thrust toward an energiewende. Finally, it will be advocated the need for a new market of power aimed at decoupling the sites of electricity inlet and outlet overcoming the impending limits of RES energy that curbs their development
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Skirt suit
No full textSkirt suit of salmon pink rayon, silk and cotton blend woven in diamond pattern.
A) Jacket. Double breasted with closure of large gold buttons with "JF" initials. Short sleeves; U-shaped neckline. Side welt pockets with flaps and matching button closure; unopened. Lined in pink acetate; shoulder pads.
Designer label: Jacques Fath / Paris
Retailer label: Neiman Marcus
Content/care/size label: Size 8
B) Skirt. Straight style; knee length. Left side zipper closure with button on waistband.
Designer label: Jacques Fath / Paris
Retailer label: Neiman Marcus
Content/care/size label: Size 1
A Semantic Analysis of The English Translation of Surah Al-Fath by T. B. Irving
No full textABSTRACT
In the process of communication with other person, there will be many possibilities of misunderstanding and misinterpreting of the meaning from the language we use. So that, understanding meaning is very crucial. To get successful interaction we have to understand both explicit and implicit meaning of the word. Meaning is idea or concept that can be transferred from the speaker’s mind to the hearer by embodying them, as it were, in the form of one language or another.
In linguistics, we can explore our knowledge about meaning by studying semantics.
This study is focused on analyzing the English translation of surah Al-Fath by T. B. Irving by using semantics theory. Semantic is one of branches of linguistics studying about meaning. “Surah Al-Fath” is one of surahs in the Holy Qur’an which consist of twenty nine verses and discuss generally about the victory of muslimun after the truce made at the tree of Hudaibiyya in the sixth year following the Hijra . Based on that background, the study about semantics of the English translation of surah Al-Fath by T. B. Irving was conducted with the problems “What kinds of meaning involved in this surah, and “What messages found in it”.
This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative method, because the data of this study are in the forms of sentences or words of surah Al-Fath.
The result of this study shows three kinds of meaning involved in this surah, namely lexical, sentential and discoursal meaning. Lexical meaning is concerned with the meanings of words and the meaning relationships among words. Lexical meaning is not only dealing with the obvious or literal meaning but also with denotation, connotation, synonymy, antonymy, ambiguity, polisemy, hyponymy, homophony, and homonymy. Sentential meaning can be defined as a group of words that forms a statement, command, exclamation or question, and usually contains a subject and predicates, and in writing begins with a capital letter and ends of the mark (., !, ?). While, discoursal meaning is a term used in linguistics to refer to a continuous stretch of language larger than a sentence dealt with discussion.
Furthermore, message is something that the author wants to convey to the readers. In many works, the message can be concluded as moral, religious and social messages. In this study, the messages found are dominated by moral and religious messages.
Based on the findings of this study described previously, the researcher also suggests that the future researchers conduct similar theme of study with more complete data and discussion
PENGARUH PEMAHAMAN FATH} AL-QARI>B TERHADAP PRAKTIK T}AHARA>H IZA>LAT AL-NAJA>SAT SANTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN TARBIYATUNNASYIAAT PACULGOWANG DIWEK JOMBANG
No full textT}aharah menduduki masalah penting dalam Islam. Boleh dikatakan tanpa adamya
t}aharah, ibadah kita kepada Allah SWT tidak akan diterima. Sebab beberapa ibadah
utama mensyaratkan t}aharah secara mutlak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk
mengetahui Pemahaman Fath} al- Qari>>>b ,Praktik T}ahara>h Santri serta Pengaruh
Pemahaman Fath} al- Qari>>>b Terhadap Praktik T}ahara>h Santri di Pondok Pesantren
Tarbiyatunnasyiaat Paculgowang Diwek Jombang.Namun lebih difokuskan pada fasal
izalat an-najasah.Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data
observasi, wawancara, angket dan dokumentasi dengan teknik analisis menggunakan
rumus regresi linier sederhana, sampel penelitian 45 responden. Prosentase pemahaman
kitab Fath} al- Qari>>>b 80,4% . prakteik t}aharah santri 80,7%. Hasil analisis regresi linier
sedrhana diperoleh nilai F hitung -,115 dengan nilai sig. (p. Value) sebesar 0,909.
Karena sig. (p. Value) > 0,05, maka Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak. Maka keputusan yang
diambil adalah Tidak Ada Pengaruh pemahaman Fath} al-Qari>b terhadap praktik t}ahara>h
santri di pondok pesantren Tarbiyatunnasyiaat Paculgowang Diwek Jombang.
Kata kunci: Pemahaman, Fath} al- Qari>>>b, Praktik T}ahara>h Santri
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Visual-Spasial Melalui Kegiatan Menggambar pada Kelompok B di TK Al-Fath BSD Tangerang Selatan
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan visual-spasial anak kelompok B TK Al-Fath BSD Tangerang Selatan. Subyek penelitian adalah anak kelompok B yang berjumlah 15 anak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam III siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dipakai adalah observasi yang berupa lembar pengamatan, dokumentasi, hasil karya. Metode analisis data yang digunakan analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan yang telah diuraikan sebelumnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan menggambar dapat meningkatkan kemampuan visual-spasial pada kelompok B di TK Al-Fath BSD Tangerang Selatan. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada kenaikan persentase yang terjadi pada kondisi awal dari 15 anak hanya 5 anak yang mampu mengikuti kegiatan menggambar sesuai dengan indikator (33%), pada siklus I meningkat jadi 8 anak (53%), pada siklus II meningkat lagi menjadi 12 anak (80%), dan pada siklus III meningkat menjadi 15 anak (100%)
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Cocktail dress
No full textA: Evening gown with black velvet skirt and gold sequined bodice, strapless, vertical bust darts, natural waist, center back black zipper, midi length. Designer label: Jacques Fath Paris.
B: Belt of black patent leather, wide, with rectangular covered buckle (perhaps not original to ensemble
Ecological complexity
No full textEcological complexity is the study of ecological phenomena using complex systems, and science perspectives and methodologies. Complex systems display common features such as surprising behavior, many feedback and feedforward loops, decentralized control, and irreducibility, which lead to emergent properties. As a result, it is necessary to study these systems at multiple hierarchical levels. Computer-generated worlds are one way to investigate whole complex systems in a manner not previously available. Ecological systems are complex systems as they are composed of many interacting and adaptive parts operating at many scales of resolution. Better management of ecological resources warrants a better understanding of complex systems
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