25,330 research outputs found
Phonological similarity in serial recall: Constraints on theories of memory
No full textIn short-term serial recall, similar-sounding items are remembered more poorly than items that do not sound alike. When lists mix similar and dissimilar items, performance on the dissimilar items is of considerable theoretical interest. Farrell and Lewandowsky [Farrell, S., & Lewandowsky, S. (2003). Dissimilar items benefit from phonological similarity in serial recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29, 838–849.] recently showed that if guessing strategies are controlled, dissimilar items on mixed lists are recalled more accurately than on pure dissimilar lists, a finding that challenges several current theories of serial recall. This article presents two experiments that extend the generality of the mixed-list advantage for dissimilar items and then applies three theories of memory—the primacy model, SIMPLE, and SOB—to the data. The simulations show that the data are best explained by the SOB theory [Farrell, S. (2006). Mixed-list phonological similarity effects in delayed serial recall. Journal of Memory and Language, 55, 587-600; Farrell, S., & Lewandowsky, S. (2002). An endogenous distributed model of ordering in serial recall. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 59–79.] which, unlike most other current theories, posits that similarity has an effect at the time of encoding.In short-term serial recall, similar-sounding items are remembered more poorly than items that do not sound alike. When lists mix similar and dissimilar items, performance on the dissimilar items is of considerable theoretical interest. Farrell and Lewandowsky [Farrell, S., & Lewandowsky, S. (2003). Dissimilar items benefit from phonological similarity in serial recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29, 838–849.] recently showed that if guessing strategies are controlled, dissimilar items on mixed lists are recalled more accurately than on pure dissimilar lists, a finding that challenges several current theories of serial recall. This article presents two experiments that extend the generality of the mixed-list advantage for dissimilar items and then applies three theories of memory—the primacy model, SIMPLE, and SOB—to the data. The simulations show that the data are best explained by the SOB theory [Farrell, S. (2006). Mixed-list phonological similarity effects in delayed serial recall. Journal of Memory and Language, 55, 587-600; Farrell, S., & Lewandowsky, S. (2002). An endogenous distributed model of ordering in serial recall. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 59–79.] which, unlike most other current theories, posits that similarity has an effect at the time of encoding
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Language Change and SA-OT: The case of sentential negation
No full textSimulated Annealing for Optimality Theory (SA-OT) updates Optimality Theory by adding a model of performance to a theory of linguistic competence. Our aim is to show that SA-OT can contribute to language change simulations. Performance "errors" are considered to be one of the causes of variation and change. We have chosen to model the evolution of sentential negation (SN). The descriptive background adopts Jespersen's Cycle, according to which the evolution of sentential negation follows three main stages (1. pre-verbal, 2. discontinuous, and 3. post-verbal). Therefore, we advance a novel model for SN, based on SA-OT. It reproduces the three pure and the two observed mixed stages, whereas it correctly predicts the lack of an intermediate stage between 3 and 1. The success of the approach corroborates the computational, performance-based approach to the data. Finally, we employ the iterated learning paradigm to reproduce historical changes in a "simulated corpus study". This enterprise turns out to be more difficult than one would naively believe.Appeared open access as: Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands Journal (CLIN), vol. 1 (2011), pp. 21-40, and is available at http://www.clinjournal.org/sites/default/files/Lopopolo.pdfA. Lopopolo and Biró, T., “Language Change and SA-OT. The case of sentential negation”, Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands Journal, vol. 1, pp. 21-40, 2011.Peer Reviewe
Histoire et fiction dans Troubles de J. G. Farrell
No full textThis article aims at analyzing how the Anglo-Irish novelist J. G. Farrell succeeded in through the medium of fiction, a period of Irish history whose consequences are still vivid at the present time. In this novel, Troubles, which was published in 1970 and was awarded the Faber Memorial Prize, history and fiction form a kind of web in which the contemporary reader cannot fail to notice analogies with present-day events. Past and present become the two sides of an at once truthful and deforming mirror, held up to reality and the world. In such a universe, the human being gets caught, as the author himself put it, in the « grip » of history which turns out to be that of his or her own life-story.Cet article a pour but d'analyser comment J. G. Farrell, romancier d'origine anglo-irlandaise, est parvenu à recréer, par le truchement de la fiction romanesque, une période de l'histoire irlandaise dont les conséquences se font encore sentir à l'époque actuelle. Dans ce roman, Troubles, publié en 1970 et couronné par le prix Faber, Histoire et fiction tressent un maillage dans lequel le lecteur contemporain ne peut manquer de voir des analogies avec l'actualité immédiate. Passé et présent deviennent les facettes d'un miroir à la fois fidèle et déformant de la réalité et du monde. Dans cet univers, l'être humain se trouve pris au « piège » de l'Histoire, pour reprendre les paroles de l'auteur, piège qui devient aussi celui de sa propre histoire.Delattre Elisabeth. Histoire et fiction dans Troubles de J. G. Farrell. In: Études irlandaises, n°25-1, 2000. pp. 65-80
Stakeholder research CoVE Water SA: CoVE Water SA the umbrella for all stakeholders
No full textThe water and sanitation sector faces well-documented issues that are challenging to address, leading to the establishment of the Platform of Vocational Excellence (PoVE) Water. This platform brings together five regional Centers of Vocational Excellence (CoVE) Water in Europe and South Africa to ensure high-quality skills and competencies in the water sector. These CoVEs facilitate collaboration among stakeholders, enabling the development of vocational education and training programs to increase awareness, responsiveness to industry needs, and address sector challenges. A few months ago, CoVE Water SA was established in South Africa to achieve the previously mentioned goals. Therefore, it is important that the following research question is answered in this initial set-up phase: What actions need to be taken to enhance the effectiveness of the CoVE Water SA? To answer this research question, several important stakeholders were interviewed. Subsequently, the interviews were analysed thematically in order to extract the most important themes and quotes, PI grids were created to assess power and interest dynamics among stakeholders, and a Social Network Analysis was conducted to understand the CoVE Water SA network and potential clusters.The research findings have unveiled key aspects for enhancing the effectiveness of CoVE Water SA. The current network in the water sector has a low density, implying that many collaborations are lacking. This leads to a high degree of interdependence within the network, resulting in a non dynamic system. The lack of collaborations, such as connections with TVET colleges, schools, farmers and local communities, results in a lack of knowledge, funding and connection to the labour market. Governmental stakeholders, like DWS, EWSeta, and BGCMA, have been identified as influential players with extensive networks and important resources, Local Authorities and Research Organizations also play important roles. Universities exhibit substantial international links, making them crucial contributors. These stakeholders have the potential to provide knowledge, collaboration, and power. These are valuable insights for CoVE Water SA, fostering network growth and effectiveness in the water sector. Furthermore, six key themes have been derived from the conducted interviews, addressing the needs of stakeholders and where CoVE can make a valuable contribution. These themes include raising awareness, reducing the skills gap in the water sector, fostering international collaborations, mitigating the labour shortage in the water sector, improving education material and establishing desired collaborations. For each theme, the interviewed stakeholders have presented their views and numerous suggestions on how CoVE Water SA can assist in addressing these issues. Additionally, stakeholders have also mentioned possible failures of CoVE Water SA, which can aid in preventing any shortcomings of the platform. Furthermore, stakeholders mentioned ongoing initiatives related to the six themes, through which they can contribute to the platform. From the Thematic Analysis, PI Grids and the SNA, a set of actions have emerged that are essential for enhancing the effectiveness of CoVE Water SA. These actions revolve around expanding and enhancing the network, organising activities and contributing to educational improvement. In terms of broadening and strengthening the network, the platform should focus on enhancing the collaborations among educational groups, building stronger relations with international institutions in Europe and Africa, involving TVETs and schools within the water network, improving stakeholder involvement and encouraging the involvement of Local Communities to increase awareness and knowledge about water issues. Furthermore, CoVE Water SA should play a role in organising activities to raise awareness of Water Resource Management. Additionally, it should assist in improving curricula, supporting students’ preparation for the workforce and making the education more practical instead of only theoretical. CoVE Water SA should also provide training and learning resources as well as comprehensive courses.However, this study recognizes several limitations that should be considered in future research and when implementing recommendations for CoVE Water SA. These limitations encompass factors like a limited scope due to resource and time constraints, minimal varied interviewee responses, and potential biases in responses. Addressing these limitations will be crucial in guiding future research and actions for CoVE Water SA.CEGM3000Civil Engineerin
Interview with Erica Jolly - teacher, author and founding member of SA Social Studies Teachers Association
No full textErica is a teacher and author who was a founding member of the SA Social Studies Teachers Association (contributing to its text books) and the SA History Teachers Association. She took her Masters in English Literature at Flinders University and taught in Girls and Boys Technical Colleges for 40 years. Erica's published works include a history of vocational education in South Australia from 1897 - 2001, We Came to Marion 1955 - 1995 (1995), A Broader Vision: Voices of Vocational Education in SA (2001), Challenging the Divide: Approaches to Science and Poetry (2010), and Making a Stand (2015)
Understanding and Modulating Bone and Cartilage Cell Fate for Regenerative Medicine
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
Understanding and Modulating Bone and Cartilage Cell Fate for Regenerative Medicine
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
Cécile Bourne-Farrell – SUD Douala repense l’humain dans l’urbain
No full textInternational audienceTen years ago, Marilyn Douala Manga Bell and Didier Schaub, founders of Doual'art - a major contemporary art centre in Cameroon's economic capital - decided to set up a laboratory for urban artistic experimentation. The SUD, ‘Salon Urbain de Douala’, was presented to the public for its first edition in 2007, in the form of a triennial international festival of public art. Where Doual'art has for many years established itself as a key player and artistic vector on the continent, the SUD offers a week of festivities every three years, as a punctuation mark for this artistic vitality. The theme of SUD2017, which runs from 5 to 10 December, is ‘the place of the human being’, a theme that might seem rather broad, but Cécile Bourne-Farrell, the curator of this year's event, has some answers for us.Il y a dix ans, Marilyn Douala Manga Bell et Didier Schaub, fondateurs de Doual’art – centre d’art contemporain majeur de la capitale économique du Cameroun – décidèrent d’initier un laboratoire d’expérimentations artistiques urbaines. Le SUD, “Salon Urbain de Douala” se présenta donc au public pour sa première édition en 2007, sous la forme d’un festival triennal international d’art public. Là où, depuis de nombreuses années Doual’art s’impose comme un acteur et un vecteur artistique incontournable du continent, le SUD propose une semaine de festivités tous les trois ans, comme ponctuation de cette vitalité artistique. SUD2017, qui aura lieu du 5 au 10 décembre, a pour thème « la place de l’Humain », un thème qui pourrait paraître bien vaste mais sur lequel Cécile Bourne-Farrell, curatrice de cette édition nous éclaire par ses réponses
Cécile Bourne-Farrell – SUD Douala repense l’humain dans l’urbain
No full textInternational audienceTen years ago, Marilyn Douala Manga Bell and Didier Schaub, founders of Doual'art - a major contemporary art centre in Cameroon's economic capital - decided to set up a laboratory for urban artistic experimentation. The SUD, ‘Salon Urbain de Douala’, was presented to the public for its first edition in 2007, in the form of a triennial international festival of public art. Where Doual'art has for many years established itself as a key player and artistic vector on the continent, the SUD offers a week of festivities every three years, as a punctuation mark for this artistic vitality. The theme of SUD2017, which runs from 5 to 10 December, is ‘the place of the human being’, a theme that might seem rather broad, but Cécile Bourne-Farrell, the curator of this year's event, has some answers for us.Il y a dix ans, Marilyn Douala Manga Bell et Didier Schaub, fondateurs de Doual’art – centre d’art contemporain majeur de la capitale économique du Cameroun – décidèrent d’initier un laboratoire d’expérimentations artistiques urbaines. Le SUD, “Salon Urbain de Douala” se présenta donc au public pour sa première édition en 2007, sous la forme d’un festival triennal international d’art public. Là où, depuis de nombreuses années Doual’art s’impose comme un acteur et un vecteur artistique incontournable du continent, le SUD propose une semaine de festivités tous les trois ans, comme ponctuation de cette vitalité artistique. SUD2017, qui aura lieu du 5 au 10 décembre, a pour thème « la place de l’Humain », un thème qui pourrait paraître bien vaste mais sur lequel Cécile Bourne-Farrell, curatrice de cette édition nous éclaire par ses réponses
- …
