108,087 research outputs found
Enchytraeus christenseni Dozsa-Farkas 1992
No full textEnchytraeus christenseni Dózsa-Farkas, 1992 (Figure 12, F–I) NIBRIV0000320528, NIBRIV0000320529, slides 2019, 2020, two adult, fixed specimens whole-mounted in Euparal. The Korean specimens agree with the description in Schmelz & Collado (2010): small worm (2.3–4.3 mm long and 190–290 µm wide at VIII and 230–340 µm at clitellum, fixed, 24–30 segments). Chaetal formula: 2 – 2,3: 3 – 3. One pair oesophageal appendages. Sperm sack, sperm funnel (Fig. 12 I) and male copulatory organ small (Fig. 12 G). Coelomocytes with refractile vesicles (Fig. 12 H). Clitellum saddle shaped (Fig. 12 G). Spermathecal ectal ducts with uniform small glands on its entire length, the ducts longer than the spherical ampullae, ental ducts with separate openings into the oesophagus (Fig. 12 F). New for the Korean fauna.Published as part of Dózsa-Farkas, Klára, Felföldi, Tamás & Hong, Yong, 2015, New enchytraeid species (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) from Korea, pp. 171-197 in Zootaxa 4006 (1) on page 190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4006.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/23708
Cernosvitoviella aggtelekiensis Dozsa-Farkas 1970
No full textCernosvitoviella aggtelekiensis Dózsa-Farkas, 1970 (Figures 1 B, 5–6) Cernosvitoviella aggtelekiensis Dózsa-Farkas, 1970: 247 –250, fig. 3, +5 photos. Cernosvitoviella goodhui Healy, 1975. Syn: Schmelz & Collado 2010: 61. nec: Cernosvitoviella goodhui Healy, 1975. Chalupský, 1992: 141. fig. 8. nec: Cernosvitoviella cf. goodhui Healy, 1975. Rota 1995: 193 –194. Material investigated: (in total 11 specimens), 8 specimens from site 7 (31.03.2014 and 16.05.2015), 1 specimen from site 8 (31.03.2014), 2 specimens from site 5 (27.03.2016). Body 1.7–3 mm long, 180–240 µm wide at the clitellum, segments 21–23. Chaetae sigmoid with nodulus, up to 7–9 per bundle, 29–32 µm long (Figs. 5 C,D). Clitellum absent dorsally and ventrally. Only dark spindleshaped coelomocytes, slightly wider than in C. farkasi sp. n., 35–57 µm long and 9–10 µm wide in the middle (Figs. 5 E,F). In the prostomium, about 8 large rounded papillae are observable (Figs. 5 A,B). Two or three paired or unpaired nephridia preclitellarly, from 6/7 (Fig. 5 H). Seminal vesicle absent. Chloragogen cells 20–30 µm long (Fig. 5 G). Sperm funnel cylindrical, 45–70 µm long and about 2–3 times longer than wide. The collar tall, as wide as the body of funnel (Figs. 5 I,J, 6B). Sperm duct similar to C. farkasi sp. n. with a large dilatation (Figs. 5 I,J), but not as conspicuous and somewhat narrower (20–30 µm and 8–15 µm wide, vs. 30–50 µm and 17–26 µm in vivo in C. farkasi sp. n., respectively), moreover slightly closer to the male opening than in the new species. Male opening surrounded by glands, diameter about 20–30 µm (Figs. 6 A,C). Length of spermatozoa 35–40 µm, heads 15–20 µm (Fig. 6 B). Spermathecae (Figs. 1 B, 6D–F) extending into V–VI, ectal ducts (50–80 µm long and 8–9 µm wide), widened at the ectal orifice into 15–19 µm, no glands at the openings. Ampullae oval (50–70 µm long and 15–19 µm wide), filled with sperm.Published as part of Dózsa-Farkas, Klára, Csitári, Bianka & Felföldi, Tamás, 2017, A new Cernosvitoviella species (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) and its comparison with other Cernosvitoviella species from Sphagnum mires in Hungary, pp. 322-338 in Zootaxa 4254 (3) on page 328, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/54681
Conatus and Signification
No full textL'articolo intende mostrare l'importanza della ripresa della concezione stoica del conatus nel XVII secolo (Hobbes, Leibniz, Spinoza). In particolare si applica a mostrare la particolarità che il contatus assume in Spinoza in relazione alla sua teoria del significato. L'analisi viene fatta portare soprattutto sulle proposizioni della seconda parte dell'Etica dedicate alla teoria dell'immaginazione e alla loro ripresa nella terza parte
Copper(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), and molybdenum(VI) complexes of desferrioxamine B in aqueous solution
No full textBased on pH-metric, spectrophotometric, and EPR measurements, stability constants and bonding modes are reported for the complexes formed in aqueous solutions of the copper(II)-, nickel(II)-, zinc(II)-, and molybdenum(VI)-desferrioxamine B (DFA) systems. Besides the totally deprotonated species, several protonated mononuclear complexes were found in the copper(II)-, nickel(II)-, and zinc(II)-DFA systems, and also the dinuclear species [Cu(2)AH](2+). All three hydroxamate groups are able to coordinate to nickel(II) and zinc(II), but only two of them to the copper(II). Molybdenum(VI) yields only one complex species, [MoO2(H(2)DFA)](+). This species, which exists below pH 7, involves two hydroxamate groups coordinated to the metal ion. DFA completely prevents the formation of polyoxomolybdates below pH 7, but MoO42- and free DFA exist above this pH. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc
Henlea
No full textHenlea sp. (Figure 13, C–I) The investigated specimens are very similar to H. ventriculosa in the following: size (8–12 mm, 40–44 segments), intestinal diverticula in VIII, with large cavity inside (Fig. 13 C,D), dorsal vessel origin in IX, 7 pairs of preclitellar nephridia. However, the maximum of chaetae in a bundle is only 6–7 (in H. ventriculosa often 8–10 chaetae are the maximum), the coelomocytes are often slightly rounder than is usual in H. ventriculosa (Dózsa-Farkas, personal observation), and light brown (Fig. 13 E). The main difference to H. ventriculosa as known from Europe (Dózsa- Farkas, personal observation) are a shorter spermathecal ectal duct and wider spermathecal ampullae (Fig. 13 H,I). The sperm funnels collars are also slightly higher and wider. Some specimens slightly resemble H. groenlandica Černosvitov, 1929 (revalidated by Christensen & Dózsa-Farkas 2006) in the shape of the spermatheca and the sperm funnel collar, although it is much wider in the latter species. Molecular analyses show that this Henlea species from Korea is clearly separated from H. ventriculosa (specimens from Hungary) and from H. groenlandica (specimens from Svalbard), see below.Published as part of Dózsa-Farkas, Klára, Felföldi, Tamás & Hong, Yong, 2015, New enchytraeid species (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) from Korea, pp. 171-197 in Zootaxa 4006 (1) on pages 191-192, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4006.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/23708
Cernosvitoviella farkasi Dózsa-Farkas, Csitári & Felföldi, 2017, sp. n.
No full textCernosvitoviella farkasi sp. n. (Figures 1 A, 2–4) Holotype. C4 slide No.1064, adult, stained whole mounted specimen. Type locality. Kȏszeg Mts., near to the Sphagnum mire, 47o24.180N 16o33.531E, 349 m asl, in a young Scots pine forest with Molinia, mud, leg. K. Dózsa-Farkas, J. Farkas, Z. Tóth, 21.05.2014. Paratypes (in total 59 specimens). P.89.1–89.13 slides No 1037, 1039–1042, 1044–1045, 1062–1063, 1065, 2150–2151, 2220, 19 stained specimens from type locality, 21.05.2014. P.89.14, 19 specimens from type locality, in 70 % ethanol, 21.05.2014. P.89.15, 11 specimens from type locality, 13.10.2014. P.89.16, 10 specimens from type locality, in 70 % ethanol, 24.10.2016. Further material examined. 22 living specimens, not fixed, from the type locality. Etymology. Named in honour of our colleague, Dr. János Farkas, who assisted many times in recent sampling campaigns. Diagnosis. The new species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) small size (body length 3–5 mm, in vivo), segments 22–26; (2) maximum 6–8 sigmoid and nodulate chaetae per bundle; (3) clitellum developed only laterally; (4) two or three unpaired nephridia preclitellarly; (5) coelomocytes spindleshaped, with refractile granules, black under transmittent light; (6) 2 + 2 pharyngeal glands; (7) sperm funnel cylindrical, large, approximately 2/3 as long as body diameter, collar conspicuous, slightly narrower than the funnel body; (8) sperm ducts considerably widened in the middle; (9) male copulatory organs large, pores surrounded by gland cells; (10) spermathecae free, reaching VII–IX segments, consisting of ectal ducts, hemispherical parts with sperm and long wide ampullae; the distal part of ectal ducts with conspicuous widenings. Description. Holotype 3.0 mm long, 160 µm wide at VIII and 205 µm at clitellum (fixed), 25 segments. Length of paratypes 3–5 mm, width 140–230 µm at VIII and 200–310 µm at clitellum in vivo, length of fixed specimens 1.8–3.8 mm, width 130–160 µm at VIII and 170–220 µm at clitellum, segments 22–26. Chaetae slender, sigmoid, with nodulus; number of chaetae per bundle variable, up to 6–8 in ventral preclitellar bundles, length 28– 35 µm. Chaetae in XII absent. Head pore at 0. Clitellum only laterally in XII–1 /2XIII, gland cells in dense rows or irregularly distributed (granulocytes about 10–13 µm long and 7–8 µm wide (fixed), the hyalocytes slightly smaller and fewer). Thickness of body wall about 12 µm in vivo, (9 µm when fixed), cuticle very thin. Brain deeply cleft posteriorly, about 100 µm long and two times longer than wide when fixed (Fig. 2 A). In prostomium, about 12 inner papillae (Figs. 2 A,B) similar to those found in Xetadrilus (Schmelz et al. 2011). This trait of Cernosvitoviella species is mentioned for the first time here. Oesophageal appendages and intestinal diverticula absent. Two pairs of primary pharyngeal glands in 4/5 and 5/6, dorsally without or with narrow connection, two secondary glands free in V and VI. (Fig. 4 D). Chloragocytes from V and forming a dense layer from VI, individual cells relatively large (22–55 µm long) and containing refractile oil droplets in vivo (Fig. 2 G). Midgut pars tumida in XV–XIX, occupying 2–3 segments (Fig. 2 E). Dorsal vessel from XII or in front of XIII, blood slightly pink, the anterior bifurcation in peristomium. 2–3 mostly unpaired preclitellar nephridia from 6/7 or 7/8, anteseptale small with funnel only, postseptale with conspicuous canals, efferent duct terminal (Fig. 2 F). Coelomocytes spindle-shaped with dark refractile granules, 36–60 µm long, 7–8 µm wide in the middle in vivo (Figs. 2 C,D). In fixed specimens they are only 20–22 µm long, the granules are not visible but the nucleus is large. Seminal vesicle large in X–XI (Fig. 3 A). Sperm funnels cylindrical, large (Figs. 2 I, 3A,C), about 90–180 µm long in vivo (80–155 µm, fixed) and 2–3 times longer than wide, about 3/4 of body diameter; collar distinct, tall and slightly narrower than the funnel body. Spermatozoa about 70 µm long, heads 25 µm, in vivo (40–60 µm and 10–20 µm, fixed, respectively). Sperm ducts considerably widened in the middle (Figs. 2 I, 3B,C,D). This thick-walled dilation about 120–180 µm long, 30–50 µm wide and the canal is 17–26 µm wide in vivo (100–180 µm, 23–34 µm and 14–17 µm, fixed, respectively). Tracts of the sperm duct before and after the dilation of about the same length as the dilated part; just after the sperm funnel duct is slightly thinner, diameter about 8–13 µm until the dilation, while the part after the dilation is 13–19 µm wide, finally slightly dilated again in the male copulatory organ, up to 15–20 µm in vivo. Male copulatory organs large, the male pore surrounded by glands forming a round and compact mass (Figs. 3 B,C,D,E), diameter 60–90 µm in vivo (60–70 µm, fixed). Subneural glands absent. Spermathecae free (Figs. 1 A, 2H, 4A.B,D), ectal glands absent. Spermathecae consist of ectal ducts (about 170 µm long and 10 µm wide in vivo, and fixed alike) widened ectally to up to 25 µm in vivo (20 µm, fixed) (Figs. 3 F,G, 4C). The ectal ducts in VI widens into almost hemispherical parts with sperm in them (25–32 µm wide in vivo and fixed alike) (Figs. 3 G. 4A). These bulbiform parts continue in long ducts which expand into wide sack-like ampullae (30–50 µm wide, in vivo and fixed alike). Ampullae reaching VII–IX segments when fully developed (Figs. 2 H, 4A,B). In the subadult specimens the hemispherical parts absent and the ampullae smaller, expanding only to VI or VII. One mature egg at a time. On the body wall surface, often epibiotic ciliates attached, similar to other Cernosvitoviella species (Figs. 2 I, 3H). Distribution and habitat. Known only from the type locality. Differential diagnosis. The new species is clearly distinguished from the rest of hitherto described Cernosvitoviella species by the prominent dilatation in the middle part of the vas deferens. C. farkasi sp. n. is most similar to C. aggtelekiensis in size, the type of coelomocytes, and the remarkable dilatations of the vasa deferentia (Figs. 3 B–D vs. Figs. 5 I,J). However, in the new species coelomocytes are narrower (Figs. 2 C,D vs. Figs. 5 E,F), the dilatations of the vasa deferentia are located more proximally, and they are more conspicuous and refracting. The spermathecal ectal duct of C. aggtelekiensis has also a widening distally, but the ampullae reach only into V or VI (Figs. 1 B, 6D–F). In five Cernosvitoviella species (C. sphaerotheca Healy, 1975, C. briganta Springett 1969, C. palustris Healy, 1979, C. estaragniensis Giani, 1979 and C. ampullax Klungland & Abrahamsen, 1981), the spermathecae also extend into VIII or IX, but in these species the dilatations of the vasa deferentia are absent or smaller, or they occur distally if present.Published as part of Dózsa-Farkas, Klára, Csitári, Bianka & Felföldi, Tamás, 2017, A new Cernosvitoviella species (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) and its comparison with other Cernosvitoviella species from Sphagnum mires in Hungary, pp. 322-338 in Zootaxa 4254 (3) on pages 324-326, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/54681
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Specificity distinction
No full textThis paper is concerned with semantic noun phrase typology, focusing on the question of how to draw fine-grained distinctions necessary for an accurate account of natural language phenomena. In the extensive literature on this topic, the most commonly encountered parameters of classification concern the semantic type of the denotation of the noun phrase, the familiarity or novelty of its referent, the quantificational/nonquantificational distinction (connected to the weak/strong dichotomy), as well as, more recently, the question of whether the noun phrase is choice-functional or not (see Reinhart 1997, Winter 1997, Kratzer 1998, Matthewson 1999). In the discussion that follows I will attempt to make the following general points: (i) phenomena involving the behavior of noun phrases both within and across languages point to the need of establishing further distinctions that are too fine-grained to be caught in the net of these typologies; (ii) some of the relevant distinctions can be captured in terms of conditions on assignment functions; (iii) distribution and scopal peculiarities of noun phrases may result from constraints they impose on the way variables they introduce are to be assigned values.
Section 2 reviews the typology of definite noun phrases introduced in Farkas 2000 and the way it provides support for the general points above. Section 3 examines some of the problems raised by recognizing the rich variety of 'indefinite' noun phrases found in natural language and by attempting to capture their distribution and interpretation. Common to the typologies discussed in the two sections is the issue of marking different types of variation in the interpretation of a noun phrase. In the light of this discussion, specificity turns out to be an epiphenomenon connected to a family of distinctions that are marked differently in different languages
Fridericia ventrochaetosa Nagy & Felföldi & Dózsa-Farkas 2018, sp. n.
No full textFridericia ventrochaetosa sp. n. (Figures 1–3) Fridericia sp. Dózsa-Farkas & Felföldi 2017: 52 – 53, 2018: 4 – 5. Holotype. F. 29, slide No. 2267, adult, unstained, whole-mounted specimen. Type locality. Kȏszeg Mts. (Hungary), Steirer Houses, mesophile montane hay meadow, 47o22.201N, 16o28.045E, 667 m asl, leg. K. Dózsa-Farkas, J. Farkas, M. Pobozsny, 24.10.2016. Paratypes (in total 14 specimens). P.112.1.1–112.1.4, slides No. 2218, 2219 (DNS 978), 2225, 2226, four adult, stained specimens from Rax Mts., mixed forest (Picea abies, Betula pendula), 47o40.538N, 15o43.140E, 1116 m asl, leg. J. Farkas, 13.05.2016. P.112.2.1–112.2.7, slides No. 2266a–c– 2268–2269 (DNS 1102), 2273– 2274, 2345 (DNS 1116), 2346, 7 adult specimens, stained (except P.112.2.4 No. 2273), whole-mounted specimens from the type locality, leg. K. Dózsa-Farkas, J. Farkas, M. Pobozsny, 24.10.2016. P.112.3, one specimen in 70% ethanol (body end was processed for molecular analysis, DNS 1114). Further material examined. Four juvenile and two adult specimens in vivo (the whole adult specimens were processed for molecular analysis, DNA 1009, 1115). Etymology. Named after the chaetae, which are present only in the ventro-lateral chaetal bundles. Diagnosis. The new species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) large size (body length 15–24 mm in vivo), segments (43) 48–60; (2) lateral chaetae absent, ventral maximum 3–4 chaetae per bundle; (3) clitellum widely interrupted dorsally and the hyalocytes and granulocytes arranged in dense rows laterally and after the bursal opening; (4) body wall strong and cuticle thick (8–14 µm); (5) five preclitellar pairs of nephridia; (6) coelomo-mucocytes b-type, lenticytes large, 8–12 µm long; (7) blood light pink; (8) chylus cells in XII–XV, occupying 2–3 segments; (9) bursal slit longitudinal with transverse extensions; (10) seminal vesicle large; (11) subneural glands absent; (12) sperm funnel approximately as long as body diameter or somewhat longer, collar narrower than funnel diameter, spermatozoa long, difficult to measure, sperm heads 150–250 µm long (in vivo); (13) spermatheca with 4–6 stalked diverticula, long ectal duct without ectal glands and separate entally. Description. Large, whitish, stiff worms. Holotype 23.3 mm long, 530 µm wide at VIII and 630 µm at the clitellum (in vivo). The fixed worm 19.0 mm long, 700 µm wide at VIII and 750 µm at the clitellum, 56 segments. Body length of the paratypes 15–24 mm, width 500–620 µm at VIII and 600–730 µm at the clitellum (in vivo). Length of fixed specimens 11.5–18.5 mm, width 520–700 µm at VIII and 600–770 µm at the clitellum. Segments (42), 48–60. Chaetae only in ventro-lateral bundles, except in one specimen (P. 112.2.5. slide No. 2273), here 1 chaeta in 1 lateral bundle of IV. Chaetal formula: 0 – 0: 1,2,3,(4) – (3),2,1,0,1. Inner chaetae shorter and thinner than outer: 58– 70 x 5–6 µm against 70– 80 x 9 µm and 34– 42 x 4 µm (in preclitellar bundles). Behind clitellum the two chaetae in a bundle of different size, at body end often only 1 chaeta per bundle, size about 90–110 x 10–12 µm. Head pore at 0/I. Dorsal pores from VII. Epidermal gland cells 5–6 transverse rows per segments (Fig. 1C). Epidermis glandular around spermathecal pore (Fig. 3G). Clitellum in XII–1 /2XIII. Glands dorsally absent, gap about 200–400 µm wide (Fig. 1I), ventrally absent between and anterior to male apparatus, but present posteriorly (Fig. 2B), hyalocytes larger than granulocytes, arranged in dense transverse rows (Fig. 1H). Body wall strong, thickness about 40–70 µm, cuticle thick, about 8–14 µm in vivo and fixed (Fig. 1D), (in forepart slightly stronger than at the body end). Brain egg-shaped, about 200–240 µm long, about two times longer than wide in vivo (Fig. 1A) and 170–203 µm long and 1.4–1.8 times longer than wide in the fixed specimens (Fig. 1B). Oesophageal appendages long with numerous, elongate branches at the end in V–VI (Fig. 2A). All pharyngeal glands with ventral lobes, those in 4/5 mostly united dorsally, those in 5/6 and 6/7 weakly united dorsally, occasionally all three pairs unconnected dorsally. Septa of V–X thickened (Fig. 1E). Chloragocytes from V, 15–25 µm long (fixed specimens). Dorsal vessel from XX–XXIII, blood light pink. Midgut pars tumida in XXX–XXXVIII occupying 5– 7 segments (Fig. 2C). Five pairs of preclitellar nephridia from 6/7 to 10/11, length ratio anteseptale: postseptale 1: 1.5–2, adseptal origin of the long efferent duct. The nephrostome not embedded in the anterior part, oriented horizontally (infrequent in Fridericia species) (Figs. 1L–M). Coelomo-mucocytes b-type, i.e. with refractile vesicles at cell periphery, length 34–53 µm in vivo (Fig. 1J), 20–35 µm in the fixed worms (Fig. 1K). Lenticytes scarce, large, 8–12 µm long. Chylus cells in XII–XV, occupying 2–3 segments (Fig. 2D). Seminal vesicle in IX–X or XI–XII. Sperm funnels cylindrical, mostly tapering distad (Fig. 2I), about 600–860 µm long and 2.4–3 times longer than wide (in one specimen 4 times longer than wide) (in vivo). Funnel length in fixed specimens 350–550 µm, funnel 1.5–2.5 times longer than wide (Figs. 2J, 3A); collar narrower than funnel body. The entire length of spermatozoa is difficult to measure in vivo, heads 150–250 µm, in fixed specimens spermatozoa 350–700 µm long and sperm heads 150–230 µm. Diameter of sperm ducts 9–10 µm (fixed). Male copulatory organs large, 260–350 µm long, 130–160 µm wide and 110–125 µm high (fixed), bursa large (Figs. 2B,E,H). Bursal slits longitudinal with additional transverse extensions (Figs. 2F–G). Subneural glands absent. Spermathecae (Figs. 3B–F) similar to the spermathecae of F. galba (Figs. 5D–E): no ectal gland, ectal ducts very long, about 650–840 µm and 32–35 µm wide, canal about 8 µm wide in vivo (520–640 µm long, 25–30 µm wide, canal 5 µm, fixed), not widening entally, projecting into ampulla, ental bulbs wide, about 70–90 µm. Ampullae surrounded distally by 4–6 stalked diverticula of various size: diameter of diverticula 45–90 µm, stalks about as wide and long as diverticula, with ciliated subchamber, ampullae 100–130 µm wide and not considerably set off from distal part, separate openings into oesophagus. 1–3 mature egg at a time. Distribution and habitat. In Kȏszeg Mts., in mesophile montane hay meadow, and in Rax Mts., in a mixed forest (Picea abies, Betula pendula). Differential diagnosis. There are only two species of Fridericia, F. paraunisetosa Xie et al. 2000 from NE China and the new species, with multiple spermathecal diverticula plus laterally completely absent chaetae. F. paraunisetosa can easily be distinguished from F. ventrochaetosa sp. n. based on the following characters: smaller size (5.0– 7.8 mm vs. 11.5–18.5 mm, fixed), in ventral bundles only one chaeta per bundle (vs. 2–4), dorsal pores only from XVIII (vs. from VII), brain incised anteriorly (vs. concave), oesophageal appendages stout and unbranched (vs. many branches) and spermatheca with sessile diverticula (vs. with stalk) (Xie et al. 2000). Apart from the absence of the lateral chaetae, the new species is highly similar morphologically to Fridericia galba. To compare the two species, we studied specimens of F. galba sampled from the same two mountains where the new species occurred, and some additional specimens from other sites in Hungary. All these specimens of F. galba had spermathecae with more than 5 spermathecal diverticula. The comparison of the most important traits of the two species is given in Table 1. Table 1 shows that the two species are broadly the same in size, number of segments, oesophageal appendages, origin of dorsal vessel, sperm funnel (comp. Figs. 2I –J, 3A with Fig. 5C), the male apparatus (comp. Figs. 2E,H with Fig. 4J). Spermathecae are also almost the same: ectal duct very long, no ectal gland, more than 2 diverticula with stalks (comp. Figs. 3B–F with 5D–E). The number of diverticula is mostly the same (6), but it varies in the new species between 4 and 6 and in the individuals of F. galba studied by us, between 5–9. The shape of the diverticula and the subchamber and ampullae are almost the same, only the stalks are slightly shorter (Table 1). However, differences can also be observed. The main differences are the absence of the lateral chaetae and the lower number of ventral chaetae in the bundles in the case of the new species (maximum of 3–4; in F. galba 4–7, Fig. 4E). Furthermore, both species have thick body wall but the cuticle in F. ventrochaetosa sp. n. is much thicker (8–14 µm; in F. galba 1–1.5 µm) (Table 1, Figs. 1D vs. Fig. 4D). Epidermal glands are well-visible, but in F. galba often occur conspicuous brown glands, too (Fig. 4C, E). The mucocytes are about the same length and the matrix may be filled with refractile vesicles in F. galba, but this granulation in the new species is much more prominent (Fig. 1J) and the lenticytes are also larger (Table 1). Further differences: chylus cells and midgut pars tumida are further back in F. galba, and the blood is light pink in F. ventrochaetosa sp. n. but colorless in F. galba (Table 1), and the epithelium of the prostomium of the new species is thicker, more conspicuous (Fig. 1F–G), than in F. galba (Fig. 4F). Last, but not least, individuals of F. galba often have large accessory sexual glands, mostly only one side in V, XI, XIII (Figs. 4H–J), but these organs are absent in the new species (Table 1). After surveying references describing F. galba previously (for complete bibliography see Schmelz 2003), it could be stated that the features of specimens studied by us fall within the range of variation reported earlier. However, since we provided more morphological characters and measurement data (Table 1), a more detailed comparison was possible with the new species. It should be noted that in some descriptions, few traits of F. galba are more variable as in the case of our specimens; e.g. segment number 40–45, length 15–20 mm in Vejdovský (1879), (48)–64–71–(81) and 20–40 mm in Nielsen & Christensen (1959), 55–61 segments and 18– 21 mm in Rota (1994) or 60–70 segments and 15–25 mm length in Schmelz (2003), respectively. Difference could be found in the number of spermathecal diverticula; e.g. Vejdovský (1879) reported 3–5, Nielsen & Christensen (1959), Schmelz (2003), and Schmelz and Collado (2010) reported 2–8. In the case of other characters we recorded generally the same as in previous references, although most of the previous descriptions lack measured values. Other authors including us conceive that the presence of accessory sexual glands is a characteristic feature of this species, even if it is absent in some specimens. Despite the above-mentioned variation of morphological characters, the new species could be easily distinguished from F. galba.Published as part of Nagy, Hajnalka, Felföldi, Tamás & Dózsa-Farkas, Klára, 2018, Morphological and molecular distinction of two Fridericia species (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) having same spermatheca type, pp. 111-123 in Zootaxa 4496 (1) on pages 112-117, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/144705
Helicobacter pylori Infection as a Triggering Factor of Attacks in Patients with Hereditary Angioedema
No full textBackground: Helicobacter pylori infection is considered among the causative factors of urticaria and angioedema. Having conducted a study on 65 patients, Hungarian authors reported in 2001 that successful eradication of H. pylori is followed by a significant reduction in the number of attacks in patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE). The present study aimed to reinvestigate the relationship between H. pylori infection and the attack rate in the framework of an international collaborative study. Materials and methods: Within the framework of the PREHAEAT project launched by the European Union, further 152 patients were studied in seven collaborating centers, and participants of the earlier study were followed up in order to detect any relationship between H. pylori infection and the occurrence of attacks in patients suffered from HAE. Results: The proportion of patients experiencing frequent (≥ 5 per year) abdominal attacks was higher (p =.002) among the H. pylori-infected participants of the international study who underwent eradication as compared to the rest of patients. Successful eradication of H. pylori significantly (p =.0006) reduced the number of attacks in these patients as well. Nine subjects of the previous Hungarian study who underwent eradication therapy for dyspepsia were followed up for an additional 4 years. In these patients, attack frequency remained consistently low. Conclusions: As shown by experience from the Hungarian and the international trial, the number of frequent, edematous abdominal attacks may decrease substantially following the eradication of H. pylori from HAE patients infected with this pathogen. Therefore, screening of patients with HAE for H. pylori infection seems warranted. Eradication of H. pylori may lead to a marked reduction in disease severity
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