103 research outputs found
Erratum to: Fixture layout optimization for multi point respot welding of sheet metals (Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, (2018), 32, 4, (1749-1760), 10.1007/s12206-018-0331-5)
No full textThere is one correction to make to the original article. The affiliation of the 3rd author, Muhammad Asad, was misprinted. The affiliation should be corrected as follows:3Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, AlKhobar 31952, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Optimization of process-property relations of 3D printed ceramics using extrusion-based additive manufacturing
No full textThe capability and applicability of additive manufacturing have mesmerized the entire manufacturing world. One major technique of additive manufacturing is extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EAM), which has been recently employed for the rapid production of ceramic components, among other applications. This study focused on establishing the process-property relations for extrusion-based additively manufactured ceramics, namely Alumina (Al2O3) and Zirconia (ZrO2), and then optimization of the relations to get the desired mechanical properties for applicability. Extrusion-based additive manufacturing was used to obtain the ceramic sample parts from ceramic-binder mixtures and by subsequent post-processing. The process parameters chosen for the study were extrusion velocity and part orientation whereas the mechanical properties selected were hardness and flexural strength. Extrusion velocity was varied at three levels i.e. 7.5 mm/s, 12.5 mm/s and 17.5 mm/s. Two levels selected for part orientation were horizontal and vertical. The design of experiments technique was used to establish the process-property relations by highlighting the most significant process parameters affecting the selected mechanical properties. Optimization was achieved by highlighting those levels of significant process parameters that provided the desired values of mechanical properties. Part orientation came out to be a significant factor affecting both the hardness and flexural strength of the two ceramics whereas extrusion velocity was found to be insignificant for both mechanical properties. Among the two levels of part orientation, vertical orientation samples showed higher values of hardness while horizontal samples showed higher flexural strength thus, aiding in the optimization of the process-property relations
The effect of printing parameters on sintered properties of extrusion-based additively manufactured stainless steel 316L parts
No full textExtrusion-based additive manufacturing (EAM) is a relatively new process developed for the production of complex metallic and ceramic parts needed in smaller quantities. The debinding and sintering step of EAM is adopted from a well-known powder injection molding process. However, the 3D printing step needs special consideration to make EAM competent in the era of rapid manufacturing. This study is intended to investigate the effect of common printing parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of sintered stainless steel 316L (SS316L) parts manufactured through the EAM process. Part orientation (Ori), extrusion velocity (Ve), and layer height (h) were changed in experimental runs by following a full factorial design. Extrusion pressure as an indicator of melt stability and a grey relational grade as a combined response of sintered properties were analyzed against varying printing parameters. Physical characteristics measured during debinding and sintering show near isotopic shrinkage and the process is stable. Metallographic characterization in terms of porosity and grain size indicated minor differences when Ve and h were altered. Sintered parts showed improved properties when printed with vertical part orientation and h = 0.5 mm, whereas Ve which contributes significantly to the build-up rate was found to be responsible for melt stability. Ve at 12.5 mm/s exhibited melt stability and higher sintered properties
Rasionalitas tafsir The Message Of The Quran karya Muhammad Asad: Analisis ayat-ayat mukjizat
No full textINDONESIA :
Khawariqul ‘Adah atau diistilahkan dengan peristiwa luar biasa yang Allah anugerahkan kepada para nabisebagai bukti kenabiannya di hadapan umatnya pada waktu nabi di utus. Sesuatu yang diluar nalar atau irasonal (tidak masuk akal), atau khawariqul ‘adah. Seperti halnya Nabi Ibrahim A.s yang tidak terluka sama sekali oleh api ketika dibakar oleh kaumnya dan Nabi Isa As. Yang bisa menghidupkan orang mati, atau ketika Nabi Musa A.s membelah lautan dengan tongkatnya saat di kejar oleh Fir’aun dan pasukannya, dan masih banyak lagi nabi-nabi lain yang mendapatkan mukjizat dari Allah Swt. di satu sisi mukjizat itu adalah kejadian di luar nalar akan tetapi ada mufassir yang mencoba merasionalkan ayat-ayat mukjizat para nabi agar bisa dipahami akal, seperti apa yang dikemukaan oleh Muhammad Asad, bahwa kejadian luar biasa pada masa lalu ( mukjizat) yang dialami oleh para nabi, zaman sekarang harus bisa dipahami secara rasional.
Di dalam penelitian tesis ini memakai analisis-deskriftif yang berkaitan dengan pendapat penafsiran Muhammad Asad mengenai ayat-ayat yang berkaitan dengan mukjizat para nabi di dalam al-Qur’an, langkah yang diambil oleh penulis di dalam proses pengumpulan data adalah dengan mencari kata mukjizat dalam al-Qu’ran, seterusnya menncoba melihat pembahasan mukjizat para nabi dalam al-Qur’an, kemudian langkah selanjutnya adalah mencoba menganaslisis penafsiran Muhammad Asad dan membandingkan dengan penafsiran-penafsiran yang sudah ada baik penafsiran sebelum Muhammad Asad atau penafsiran setelah Muhammad Asad.
Semua ayat yang berkaitan dengan kejadian luar biasa, yang menimpa para nabi. Muhammad Asad terkadang merujuk pada penafsiran-penafsiran sebelum dirinya yang sependapat dengan penafsirannya, mengutif dari Bibel, mencari makna kata dll, agar penafsirannya rasional.
Muhammad Asad, dalam menafsirkan ayat-ayat alqur’an mengenai mukjizat para nabi, menggunakan pendekatan ilmiah yaitu peristiwa-peristiwa alam dan banyak juga menggunakan bentuk-bentuk penafsiran alegoris. Sehingga muncul sebuah penafsiran yang rasional.
ENGLISH :
Khawariqul 'Adah or it is termed an extraordinary event that Allah gave to the prophets as proof of his prophethood before his people when the prophet was sent. Something that is beyond reason or irrational (does not make sense), or khawariqul 'adah. Like Prophet Ibrahim A.s, who was not injured at all by fire when burned by his people and Prophet Isa As. Who can bring the dead to life, or when the Prophet Musa A.s split the sea with his staff while being chased by Fir'awn and his troops, and many other prophets who received miracles from Allah SWT. on the one hand the miracle is an unreasonable incident but there are commentators who try to rationalize the miracle verses of the prophets so that reason can be understood, like what Muhammad Asad disclosed, that extraordinary events in the past (miracles) were experienced by the prophet, today must be understood rationally.
In this thesis research, using descriptive analysis related to Muhammad Asad's interpretation of the verses related to the miracles of the prophets in the Koran, the steps taken by the author in the data collection process were to look for the word miracle in al-Qu'ran, then tries to look at the discussion of miracles of the prophets in the Koran, then the next step is to try to analyze Muhammad Asad's interpretation and compare it with existing interpretations, either pre-Muhammad Asad or after Muhammad Asad.
All the verses relate to the extraordinary events that befell the prophets. Muhammad Asad sometimes refers to his prior interpretations that agree with his interpretation, curse from the Bible, look for the meaning of words etc., so that the interpretation is rational.
Muhammad Asad in interpreting the verses of the alquran regarding the miracles of the prophets, used a scientific approach, namely natural events and also used many forms of allegorical interpretation.
ARAB :
خوارق اعادة أو ما يسمى بحدث غير عادي أعطاه الله للأنبياء كدليل على نبوته على قومه عند إرسال النبي. ما هو فوق العقل أو غير منطقي ، أو خوارق الصلاة. مثل النبي إبراهيم عليه السلام ، الذي لم يصب إطلاقاً بنيران أحرقه قومه ونبيه عيسى عليه السلام من يستطيع إحياء الموتى ، أو عندما شق النبي موسى البحر بعصاه أثناء مطاردته من قبل فرعون وجنوده ، والعديد من الأنبياء الآخرين الذين تلقوا المعجزات من الله سبحانه وتعالى. من ناحية ، المعجزة حادثة غير معقولة ، لكن هناك مفسرين يحاولون تبرير آيات
معجزات الأنبياء بحيث يمكن فهم العقل ، مثل ما كشفه محمد أسد ، تلك الأحداث غير العادية في الماضي (المعجزات) التي مرت بها. الأنبياء اليوم يجب فهمهم بعقلانية.
يستخدم البحث في هذه الرسالة التحليل الوصفي المتعلق بتفسير محمد أسد للآيات المتعلقة بإعجاز الأنبياء في القرآن ، والخطوات التي اتخذها المؤلف في عملية جمع البيانات هي البحث عن كلمة معجزة في ثم يحاول القرآن أن ينظر في مناقشة معجزات الأنبياء في القرآن ، ثم الخطوة التالية هي محاولة تحليل تفسير محمد أسد ومقارنته بالتفسيرات الموجودة ، سواء قبل محمد الأسد أو بعد محمد أسد.
كل الآيات تتعلق بالأحداث غير العادية التي حلت بالأنبياء. يشير محمد أسد أحيانًا إلى تفسيراته السابقة التي تتفق مع التفسير ، ويلعن من الكتاب المقدس ، ويبحث عن معنى الكلمات ، وما إلى ذلك ، حتى يكون التفسير عقلانيًا.
استخدم محمد أسد في تفسير آيات القرآن الخاصة بمعجزات الأنبياء منهجًا علميًا ، أي الأحداث الطبيعية ، كما استخدم العديد من أشكال التفسير المجازي
TEORI KEBERMAKSUDAN DALAM TERJEMAHAN AL-QUR'AN (STUDI AYAT ALEGORI DALAM THE MESSAGE OF THE QURAN KARYA MUHAMMAD ASAD)
No full textTranslation of the Al-Qur’an has become a contestation to explore the meaning of
the Qur’an more concisely. However, despite its brevity, there is a rather complex
polemic. Based on the Skopos Theory (meaningful translation), the author here
discusses about the Al Qur’an translation released by Muhammad Asad titled “The
Message of the Quran”. The core problem raised in this study is to identify the
translation hermeneutics which brought to the surface by Asad in terms of the
intention theory; as well as examining his translation result of allegoric verses
(mutasyābihāt), which consist of three subcategories: anthropomorphism,
muqaṭṭa’āt, and supernaturalism. Both of these problems were explored using a
descriptive-qualitative method which generated several findings. First,
hermeneutically, Asad puts rationality as the aim that underlies each movement of
translations. Asad supports his aim with several points of purpose, such as context,
extra quranic nasakh, emphasizing the integration concept of the verses, along with
mainstreaming the ibrah over the historicity of the Qur’an. Second, specifically in
three themes of allegorical verses: anthropomorphism, muqaṭṭa’āt, and
supernaturalism (gaib), Asad still stands faithful to the rationality concept.
However in this topic, the validity of Asad’s rationality is being tested, considering
the limitation of human’s reasoning, whereas revelation does not. Responding this
dilemma, Asad preferred to conclude his arguments turned around, that the true
truth of Al-Qur’an’s meaning lays on God’s hands. This is a rationality according
to Muhammad Asad. Lastly, theoretical reflection of this research is a paradigm
shifting of translation from equivalency to purposive, which is very relevant when
translating scriptures
Estimating Passenger Car Equivalent Factors for Heterogeneous Traffic Using Occupancy-Density Linear Regression Model
No full textA variety of methods have been proposed in the existing literature for the estimation of passenger car equivalent (PCE) factors. These methods are based on the comparison of selected attributes of different vehicles. This research, for the first time, utilizes the basic notion of the linear relationship between road area occupancy and density for the estimation of PCE factors for different vehicle types in heterogeneous traffic. Aerial photographs obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were analyzed to estimate the road area occupancy and the number of vehicles classified in seven selected groups. A linear least-squares regression model was developed between road area occupancy and classified vehicle count. The coefficients of the occupancy-density linear regression model were used to estimate PCE and motorcycle equivalent (MCE) factors. The comparison of the estimated set of PCE values with the values reported in the literature shows that PCE factors estimated using the proposed method are reasonable and produce a better occupancy-density relationship than the other studies. In comparison with the existing methods that rely on lane-based measurements, the proposed method is well suited for traffic with weak/no lane discipline, as it considers the entire road width and the dynamics of lateral movement of different types of vehicles. The proposed method does not need extensive traffic data of speeds, headways, flow rates, and so forth, and is applicable on aerial photographs obtained from other sources, such as satellites.Funding
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported with funding from Exascale Open Data Analytics Lab, National Center for Big Data and Cloud Computing (NCBC) and the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to research students Syed Hassan Ali, Haseeb Ahmed, Zohaib Ahmed, Aqib Abbasi, Asad Rehan, Mirza Ali Haider, Syed Abbas Hasan Zaidi, and Omema for their help in this research
Sustainability and mechanical performance analysis of recycled filaments for 3D printing applications
No full textLAUREA MAGISTRALELa fabbricazione additiva (anche indicata come "AM" o "3D Printing") è considerata essere una tecnologia dirompente che sta cambiando l'industria moderna, con molti benefici per lo sviluppo e la produzione di una grande varietà di prodotti. Inoltre, durante l'ultimo decennio, l'AM ha dimostrato essere la tecnologia portante in termini di sostenibilità, specialmente per la produzione di parti in plastica. Infatti, siccome la produzione e l'utilizzo della plastica sono drasticamente aumentati durante gli ultimi 50 anni, causando numerosi problemi ambientali irreversibili, era essenziale un nuovo modo di gestire lo scarto e il consumo di polimeri sintetici, e l'AM può portare al cambiamento necessario per mantenere il nostro ambiente sano.
Questo studio vuole sottineare le caratteristiche sostenibili dell'AM, analizzando il caso studio di Reflow, un produttore di filamenti riciclati per stampanti modellazione a deposizione fusa (FDM). La ricerca calcola le emissioni generate dalla linea di produzione di Reflow in Olanda e le confronta con quelle della produzione primaria di plastica e del primo riciclo. I risultati mostrano come la produzione di Reflow abbia un basso impatto ambientale, specialmente grazie alle fonti di energia rinnovabili utilizzate dall'azienda.
Inoltre, sono stati fatti test meccanici e di trazione sui filamenti riciclati e vergini, mostrando che i filamenti riciclati prodotti da Reflow non portano ad una perdita di prestazione meccanica, ma al contrario presentano migliori risultati complessivi rispetto ai filamenti vergini, dimostrando che un'economia circolare può essere raggiunta senza avere una perdita di prestazioni.Additive Manufacturing (also referred to “AM” or 3D printing) is claimed to be a disruptive technology that is changing modern industry, with multiple benefits for the development and the manufacturing of a large variety of products. Moreover, during the last decade, AM has proven to be the leading technology in terms of sustainability, especially for the production of plastic-made parts. In fact, since plastic production and usage has drastically increased over the last fifty years, causing multiple irreversible environmental problems, a new way of managing the waste and consumption of synthetic polymers was needed, and AM could lead to the change required in order to keep our enviroment safe.
This study wants to underline the sustainable characteristics of AM, by analysing the case study of Reflow, a recycled filament producer for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) printers. The following research calculated the emission generated by the Reflow production line in Netherlands and compared them with the ones related to the primary plastic production of plastic and first recycling. Results showed how the Reflow production has low impact to the environment, especially due to the energy green sources used by the company.
Moreover, tensile and mechanical tests on recycled and virgin filaments were performed, showing that the first-recycled filaments produced by Reflow do not lead to a loss in mechanical performance, but on the contrary presented better test results overall compared to the virgin ones, proving that a circular economy could be reached without losing in performance
Adapting authoritarianism: institutions and co-optation in Egypt and Syria
No full textThis PhD thesis compares Egypt and Syria’s authoritarian political systems. While the tendency in social science political research treats Egypt and Syria as similarly authoritarian, this research emphasizes differences between the two systems with special reference to institutions and co-optation. Rather than reducibly understanding Egypt and Syria as sharing similar histories, institutional arrangements, or ascribing to the oft-repeated convention that “Syria is Egypt but 10 years behind,” this thesis focuses on how events and individual histories shaped each states current institutional strengthens and weaknesses. Specifically, it explains the how varying institutional politicization or de-politicization affects each state’s capabilities for co-opting elite and non-elite individuals.
Beginning with a theoretical framework that considers the limited utility of democratization and transition theoretical approaches, the work underscores the persistence and durability of authoritarianism. Chapter two details the politicized institutional divergence between Egypt and Syria that began in the 1970s. Chapter three and four examines how institutional politicization or de-politicization affects elite and non-elite individual co-optation in Egypt and Syria. Chapter five discusses the study’s general conclusions and theoretical implications.
This thesis’s argument is that Egypt and Syria co-opt elites and non-elites differently because of the varying degrees of institutional politicization in each governance system. Rather than view one country as more politically developed than the other, this work argues that Syria’s political institutions are more politicized than their Egyptian counterparts. Syria’s political arena is, thus, described as politicized-patrimonialism. Syria’s politicized-patrimonial arena produces uneven co-optation of elites and non-elites as they are diffused through competing institutions. Conversely, the Egyptian political arena remains highly personalized as weak institutions and individuals are manipulated and molded according to the president’s ruling clique. This is referred to as personalized-patrimonialism. As a consequence, Egypt’s political establishment demonstrates more flexibility in ad hoc altering and adapting its arena depending on the emergence of crises.
This study’s theoretical implications suggest that, contrary to modernization and democratization theory’s adage that institutions lead to a political development, politicized institutions within a patrimonial order actually hinder regime adaptation because consensus is harder to achieve and maintain. It is within this context that Egypt’s de-politicized institutional framework advantages its top political elite. In this reading of Egyptian and Syrian politics, Egypt’s personalized political arena is more adaptable than Syria’s. These conclusions do not indicate that political reform is a process underway in either state
Hafez, Farid, Islamisch-politische Denker. Eine Einführung in die islamisch-politische Ideengeschichte, Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, Peter Lang, 2014, 267p.
No full textDas Buch präsentiert einen Abriss der Ideengeschichte des islamisch-politischen Denkens von al-Farabi über Ibn Khaldun und Ibn Taymiyya bis hin zu al-Afghani, Hasan al-Banna, Muhammad Asad, Khomeini, Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid, Yusuf al-Qaradawi und Elijah Muhammad. Das Werk arbeitet die Vielschichtigkeit des politischen Denkens im islamischen Bezugsraum heraus und zeigt auf, wie das intellektuelle, soziale und politische Umfeld das jeweilige Denken der einzelnen Persönlichkeiten prägte und wie dami..
Hafez, Farid, Islamisch-politische Denker. Eine Einführung in die islamisch-politische Ideengeschichte, Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien, Peter Lang, 2014, 267p.
No full textDas Buch präsentiert einen Abriss der Ideengeschichte des islamisch-politischen Denkens von al-Farabi über Ibn Khaldun und Ibn Taymiyya bis hin zu al-Afghani, Hasan al-Banna, Muhammad Asad, Khomeini, Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid, Yusuf al-Qaradawi und Elijah Muhammad. Das Werk arbeitet die Vielschichtigkeit des politischen Denkens im islamischen Bezugsraum heraus und zeigt auf, wie das intellektuelle, soziale und politische Umfeld das jeweilige Denken der einzelnen Persönlichkeiten prägte und wie dami..
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