1,720,967 research outputs found
Population ageing: impacts on the satisfaction of social demand and medical needs
No full textL'articolo descrive le problematiche sanitarie connesse all'invecchiamento della popolazione, ponendo una particolare attenzione alle esigenze organizzativo-assistenziali ed alle tipologie di strutture sanitarie disponibili, con particolare riferimento alla Residenze Sanitarie Assistenziali ed alla loro progettazione
The reform of the Italian Constitution and its possible impact on public health and the National Health Service
No full textThe reform of the Italian Constitution and its possible impact on public health and the National Health Servic
Hospital environments and epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections
No full textOggi, gli ospedali si trovano ad affrontare sfide difficili: una percentuale crescente di pazienti immunologicamente vulnerabili spesso colpiti da malattie che richiedono un livello elevato e complesso di assistenza sanitaria; tecnologie mediche e modelli sanitari in rapida evoluzione; e restrizioni di bilancio. Tutte queste funzionalità interferiscono con l'assistenza sanitaria e possono modificare il rischio di contrarre infezioni associate all'assistenza sanitaria (ICA). Pertanto, la prevenzione dell'HCAI è una priorità assoluta per i sistemi sanitari. Gli autori descrivono l'origine umana e ambientale degli HCAI, concentrandosi sulla modalità di trasmissione di quei patogeni presenti nell'aria, compresa la nuova visione derivata dalle recenti acquisizioni sull'epidemiologia della SARS e dell'Ebola. Descrivono anche lo stato dell'arte sulla concentrazione di microrganismi (dose infettiva) necessaria per determinare un HCAI e il ruolo svolto da altri fattori di virulenza. Infine, vengono descritte le misure di controllo efficaci utilizzate per la prevenzione della trasmissione di agenti patogeni nell'aria, concentrandosi principalmente sulla valutazione del rischio e sul controllo delle infezioni.Today, hospitals are facing difficult challenges: increasing proportion of immunologically vulnerable patients often affected by diseases requiring high complex level of healthcare; rapidly evolving medical technologies and healthcare models; and budget restrictions. All these features interfere with healthcare and can modify the risk of acquiring healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). Therefore, HCAI prevention is a high priority for healthcare systems. Authors describe human and environmental origin of HCAIs, focusing on the modality of transmission of those airborne pathogens, including the new insight derived from the recent acquisitions about SARS and Ebola epidemiology. They also describe the state of the art about microorganism concentration (infective dose) required to determine a HCAI and the role played by other virulence factors. Finally, the effective control measures used for the prevention of airborne pathogen transmission are described, focusing mainly on the risk assessment and infection control
[Economic class syndrome: epidemiological features and preventive measures]
No full textThe term "economic class syndrome" is generally used to describe the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in travelers after long-distance airline travel in economic class. However, cases of VTE have also been reported in business class travelers and in subjects exposed to prolonged periods of immobilization while using other forms of transportation such as automobile, train, and bus. VTE manifests with deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism but may also present with less severe, reversible manifestations such as headache, vertigo, and respiratory symptoms. Epidemiological studies have shown that the risk of VTE doubles following airline travel lasting longer than four hours. The risk of VTE increases with increased duration of air travel even in the presence of multiple stop-overs. In subjects with known risk factors, incidence of VTE depends on the degree of risk (low, medium, high) and on the duration of the flight. The main factor leading to VTE is prolonged immobilization and the pathogenesis is based on Virchow's triad: venous stasis, vessel wall injury, and hypercoagulability of blood. Specific characteristics of airline travel such as jet lag, low air quality and dehydration may increase the risk of VTE with respect to other forms of travel. This article discusses epidemiological aspects and pathogenesis of travel-related VTE and prophylactic measures that should be undertaken
The homes in the COVID-19 era. How their use and values are changing
No full textThe long lockdown, the frequent adoption of smart working, the online lessons for both school and university pupils, and the domestic isolation of many people in order to stop the spread of the SARS-CoV-2, have changed the way millions of people lived their home spaces in the last few months. This also led to a backlash on real estate values, enhancing some characteristics and penalizing others
The reform of the Italian Constitution and its possible impact on public health and the National Health Service
No full textwill be added as soon as libraries will reope
Health literacy, emotionality, scientific evidence: Elements of an effective communication in public health
No full textThe importance of healthcare providers' communication abilities is still underestimated. Informing the population on the basis of documented evidence is essential but not enough to induce a change in the beliefs of who is doubtful or does not accept preventive interventions, such as vaccination. Lining up the offer of prevention to the knowledge of the citizens, also improving Health Literacy skills, is a critical step toward their empowerment and behavior change. The 2017 Erice Declaration was drafted to propose to the Institutions and the scientific community the main goals to improve communication and counteract Vaccine Hesitancy, at a very critical time, when mandatory vaccination was introduced in Italy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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