1,800,239 research outputs found
FAPESP: Política científica
No full textHAMBURGER, Amélia Império (Coaut. de); SHOZO, Motoyama (org.). FAPESP: uma história de política científica e tecnológica. São Paulo, SP: FAPESP, 1999. 296 p., il. ISBN 8586956031 (enc.). MOTOYAMA, Shozo; HAMBURGER, Amélia Império; NAGAMINI, Marilda (org.). Para uma história da FAPESP: marcos documentais. São Paulo, SP: FAPESP, 1999. 248 p. ISBN 858695604X (enc.).</jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Ambient magnetic field amplification in shock fronts of relativistic jets : an application to GRB afterglows
No full textGRS thanks CNPQ for financial support. DFG thanks the European Research Council (ADG-2011 ECOGAL) and the Brazilian agencies CNPq (No. 300382/2008-1), CAPES (3400-13-1) and FAPESP (No. 2011/12909-8) for financial support. GK thanks FAPESP (No. 2009/50053-8, 2011/51275-4, 2013/04073-2, 2013/18815-0) for financial support. EMGDP thanks FAPESP (No. 2006/50654-3) and CNPq (306598/2009-4) for financial support. Date of Acceptance: 06/10/2014Strong downstream magnetic fields of the order of ∼1 G, with large correlation lengths, are believed to cause the large synchrotron emission at the afterglow phase of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Despite the recent theoretical efforts, models have failed to fully explain the amplification of the magnetic field, particularly in a matter-dominated scenario. We revisit the problem by considering the synchrotron emission to occur at the expanding shock front of a weakly magnetized relativistic jet over a magnetized surrounding medium. Analytical estimates and a number of high-resolution 2D relativistic magnetohydrodynamical (RMHD) simulations are provided. Jet opening angles of θ = 0°–20°, and ambient to jet density ratios of 10−4–102 were considered. We found that most of the amplification is due to compression of the ambient magnetic field at the contact discontinuity between the reverse and forward shocks at the jet head, with substantial pile-up of the magnetic field lines as the jet propagates sweeping the ambient field lines. The pile-up is maximum for θ → 0, decreasing with θ, but larger than in the spherical blast problem. Values obtained for certain models are able to explain the observed intensities. The maximum correlation lengths found for such strong fields is of lcorr ≤ 1014 cm, 2–6 orders of magnitude larger than the found in previous works.Peer reviewe
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Música e conciliação: contributos para uma ecologia dos saberes a partir das viagens da música no Atlântico Sul: o caso das relações Portugal-Brasil
No full textA proposta deste texto recai sobre a análise das relações entre Portugal e o Brasil no enquadramento do Atlântico Sul e a partir da música. Procuro inicialmente entender como podemos pensar o Atlântico Sul enquanto espaço de construção de conhecimento plural e, no caso das relações entre Portugal e o Brasil, perceber de que forma a música é um protagonista importante na produção desse conhecimento e um mediador enquanto território de conciliação entre dois países cuja comunicação se pode fazer, também, através do universo sensível que está para além da língua
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The onset of large-scale turbulence in the interstellar medium of spiral galaxies
No full textDFG thanks the European Research Council (ADG-2011 ECOGAL), and Brazilian agencies CAPES (3400-13-1) and FAPESP (no.2011/12909-8) for financial support. IB acknowledges the European Research Council (ADG-2011 ECOGAL) for financial support. GK acknowledges support from FAPESP (grants no. 2013/04073-2 and 2013/18815-0).Turbulence is ubiquitous in the interstellar medium (ISM) of the Milky Way and other spiral galaxies. The energy source for this turbulence has been much debated with many possible origins proposed. The universality of turbulence, its reported large-scale driving, and that it occurs also in starless molecular clouds, challenges models invoking any stellar source. A more general process is needed to explain the observations. In this work, we study the role of galactic spiral arms. This is accomplished by means of three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations which follow the dynamical evolution of interstellar diffuse clouds (similar to 100 cm-3) interacting with the gravitational potential field of the spiral pattern. We find that the tidal effects of the arm's potential on the cloud result in internal vorticity, fragmentation and hydrodynamical instabilities. The triggered turbulence results in large-scale driving, on sizes of the ISM inhomogeneities, i.e. as large as similar to 100 pc, and efficiencies in converting potential energy into turbulence in the range similar to 10-25 per cent per arm crossing. This efficiency is much higher than those found in previous models. The statistics of the turbulence in our simulations are strikingly similar to the observed power spectrum and Larson scaling relations of molecular clouds and the general ISM. The dependence found from different models indicate that the ISM turbulence is mainly related to local spiral arm properties, such as its mass density and width. This correlation seems in agreement with recent high angular resolution observations of spiral galaxies, e.g. M51 and M33.Peer reviewe
From diagnosis to conservation: the state of the art of biodiversity conservation in the BIOTA/FAPESP program
Full text linkO principal objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar a contribuição do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP, um dos maiores programas do Brasil voltados para o estudo da biodiversidade, em questões relacionadas com a conservação da biodiversidade, em particular no desenvolvimento de indicadores ecológicos, definição de áreas prioritárias e viabilização da conservação. Uma revisão da literatura nestes tópicos também é apresentada, visando uma melhor contextualização dos avanços e caminhos futuros a serem seguidos pelo programa BIOTA/FAPESP. Foi diagnosticado que este Programa encontra-se em uma fase de inventários pontuais, de curto prazo, essencialmente no nível de comunidade, e em ambientes terrestres e aquáticos continentais. Alguns problemas para o uso destes dados em conservação foram identificados e devem ser considerados para a definição de uma estratégia de conservação. São sugeridos possíveis caminhos futuros para a obtenção de dados mais direcionados para o uso para conservação da biodiversidade, em particular com: i) a adoção de protocolos de inventário visando facilitar a comparação de dados obtidos em diferentes locais; ii) a indução de levantamentos biológicos de diferentes taxa em áreas potenciais para a conservação; iii) o estímulo de projetos que aliem pesquisa e ação, em particular no caso de restauração ecológica; iv) a articulação do programa BIOTA com outros programas mais aplicados (por exemplo, o Programa de Políticas Públicas da FAPESP) ou que permitam o monitoramento e entendimento de aspectos funcionais dos sistemas ecológicos (Programa de Pesquisas Ecológicas de Longa Duração do CNPq).The main objective of this study was to analyze the contribution of the BIOTA/FAPESP program, one of the largest biodiversity programs in Brazil, in conservation issues, such as in the development of ecological indicators, definition of priority areas for conservation, and conservation viability analyzes. We found that the program was in its first phase (1999-2005) mainly focused on short-term punctual inventories at the community level, and in terrestrial and freshwater habitats. We identified some limitations in the use of the collected data for conservation purposes, and suggest possible measures to avoid those problems and bridge the gap between the biodiversity diagnosis and conservation: i) to adopt inventory protocols which would allow an easy comparison of data obtained in different geographical regions; ii) to stimulate multiple taxa inventories in areas with high conservation potential; iii) to encourage the integration of research with action, specially in the case of restoration projects; and iv) to link the BIOTA program with other applied programs (for example, the FAPESP Program of Public Policy) or programs that would allow the monitoring and understanding of functional aspects of the ecosystems (e.g., Long Term Ecological Research Program from CNPq).Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências Departamento de EcologiaUniversidade Estadual Paulista IBILCE Departamento de Zoologia e BotânicaUniversidade Estadual Paulista IBILCE Departamento de Zoologia e Botânic
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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