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Voluntary and Enforced Tax Compliance: Evidence from Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Indonesia
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KEBIJAKAN ANGSURAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI PENGUSAHA TERTENTU: STUDI KASUS USAHA MIKRO DI INDONESIA
Get PDFThe instalment of Income Tax for Individual Taxpayers of particular enterpreneur is determined at
0.75% of the total circulation of business under section 25 Income Tax Act, 2008. The prepaid’s payment of
income tax implies the underpayment or overpayment of tax at the end of the tax year. If there is an overpayment
of tax audits, it will be conducted according to the Law Number 28 of 2007 on the General Provisions of
Taxation. This paper focuses on the discussion of income tax installments by individual taxpayer particular
enterpreneur categorized as micro entrepreneurs. Based on the research conducted by the method of
comparative research, descriptive and analytical documents, results show that the maximum limit of circulation
to all types of businesses at the lowest rates and the type of agricultural businesses in the highest rates occur
overpayment. It means the cost of taxation for individual taxpayers of particular entrepreneurs in micro
business. This causes a particular burden for micro individual taxpayers of particular enterpreneur besides less
aligned with the goal of the Income Tax Act change
ANALISIS PAJAK PENGHASILAN BAGI WAJIB PAJAK BADAN USAHA KECIL- MENENGAH DI INDONESIA
Get PDFPajak Penghasilan atas Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) mengalami perubahan dalam Undang-Undang Pajak nomor 36 Tahun 2008 tentang Pajak penghasilan (UU PPh terbaru). Dalam UU PPh terbaru tarif pajak untuk Usaha Kecil Menengah yang berbentuk badan dengan peredaraan bruto sampai dengan 4.8 Milyar mendapat fasilitas pemotongan tarif 50% dari tarif normal. Hal ini berimplikasi pada penurunan tarif bagi Usaha Kecil menengah sejak tahun 2009 dibandingkan dengan tarif berdasarkan Undang-Undang PPh sebelumnya (UU PPh lama). Namun dalam penghitungan pajak penghasilan, prinsip keadilan berdasarkan UU PPh lama lebih memberikan rasa keadilan karena basis pengenaan pajak berdasarkan laba usaha dibandingkan dengan UU PPh terbaru yang berdasarkan pada peredaran usaha. Penulisan ini memfokuskan pada perbandingan pengenaan pajak pada UKM berbentuk badan berdasarkan UU PPh terbaru dan UU PPh lama. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan dengan metode penelitian komparatif, deskriptif, dan analisis dokumen didapatkan hasil bahwa terjadi penurunan tarif pajak berdasarkan UU PPh terbaru, namun prinsip keadilan dalam pengenaan pajak terhadap Usaha Kecil Menengah masih kurang dibandingkan dengan Undang- Undang Pajak Penghasilan sebelumnya
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pajak Penghasilan Orang Pribadi Usaha Mikro dan Kecil di Indonesia: Kebijakan dan Implikasi
Get PDFIncome Tax, whether it is personal or business entities taxpayers, with circulation up to 4.8billion rupiah is 1 percent and the final since July 1, 2013 according to the Government Regulation number 46 year of 2013 (PP46). This paper analyzes the implications of this regulation for micro and small businesses taxpayer with the category of gross circulation to 600 million rupiah. From the research that is conducted by the method of comparative research, descriptive and document analysis, it is showed that this regulation can reduce the compliance cost due to the simplicity of the calculation. However, the imposition of income tax according to the PP 46 is higher than before this regulation is applied for personal entities taxpayer of micro and small business with a turn over up to 600 million rupiah. On the other hand, for personal entities taxpayer of middle business, with the highest circulation, the imposition of income tax is lowe
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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