1,721,259 research outputs found
Political cycle and reported labour incomes in Italy: a quasi-experimental evidence on tax evasion
Full text linkTax evasion is a complex phenomenon affected by many factors and shaped by policymakers' and citizens' behaviours. Distinct claims about the acceptability of tax evasion between centre-right and centre-left coalitions have clearly emerged in Italy in the last decades. According to the ruling coalition, these different attitudes could have influenced tax compliance, affecting reported incomes of the self-employed, who have much more room to engage in tax avoidance or evasion strategies than employees. Using a longitudinal administrative dataset recording the entire working life of the sampled individuals, we focus on the period 1996–2005 (the only period when a complete bipartisan political cycle took place in Italy) and, following a difference in differences design and carrying out fixed effects estimates, we test whether self-employed earnings, compared to employees earnings, significantly changed after the change in the ruling coalition.We find a clear reduction in self-employed reported earnings when the centre-right coalition ruled
The role of socio-economic determinants in the interregional allocation of healthcare resources: some insights from the 2023 reform in the Italian NHS
Full text linkThis paper discusses a reform recently implemented in the Italian National Health Service (INHS), aimed at adding some socio-economic indicators to the criteria adopted for allocating healthcare funding to Regions. The reform is based on international experience in healthcare financing in decentralized settings and provides a case study of special interest since Italy is a country with significant territorial disparities and severe budget constraints. The paper first discusses the long-standing debate between Italian Regions which led to the reform. Second, the main features of the reform are reviewed, with the inclusion of socio-economic indicators via a simplified formula. Moreover, a possible revision of the reform is proposed, fully exploiting, unlike now, the heterogeneity of health needs according to age and socio-economic indicators. By integrating the information on deprivation inside the mechanism, the weight of the different drivers is determined by the distribution of needs and not on a discretionary basis. Simulating the proposed revision suggests that more resources could be allocated to the Regions with higher levels of deprivation compared to a scenario that closely replicates the reform
Il voto di scambio. Alla ricerca di una definizione operativa
No full textIn questo saggio l’espressione «voto di scambio» è riferita alla specifica modalità di formazione della scelta di voto derivante dalla tipologia elaborata da Parisi e Pasquino negli anni Settanta.
Nella ricerca scientifica la nozione di voto di
scambio è spesso evocata ma d essa viene attribuito un significato piuttosto vago e molto raramente questa modalità di definizione della scelta di voto è stato sottoposta a verifica empirica. Infine si osserva nel linguaggio comune e in ambiente politico una sorta di intercambiabilità con altre espressioni ingenerando una qualche confusione anche concettuale.
Per tali ragioni sulla scorta della proposta di Parisi e Pasquino, è stato illustrato il contenuto, la ratio e le dimensioni che afferiscono al concetto di voto di scambio per segnalare che esso ha una sua specificità ed autonomia rispetto al voto clientelare e al voto personale. In seguito, sulla scorta della precisazione dei confini teorici del concetto si è cercato di illustrare diverse definizioni empiriche che potevano essere estratte dalle inchieste campionarie condotte in Italia sulle elezioni. Lo scopo era quello di mostrare come il medesimo concetto potesse dare luogo a diverse definizioni operative che configuravano differenti profili dell’elettore di scambio. Ma attraverso l’analisi condotta sulla scorta dei risultati delle rilevazioni è stato possibile delineare le caratteristiche socioeconomiche degli elettori di scambio e i loro atteggiamenti verso la politica.
Ne sono derivati anche esiti assai interessanti in ordine al profilo degli elettori di scambio e indicazioni di ordine metodologico non
secondarie che potrebbero risultare utili per future ricerche empiriche basate sullo strumento dell’intervista e delle inchieste campionarie
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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