94 research outputs found
First person – Agathe Chaigne
No full textFirst Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Agathe Chaigne is first author on ‘ Three-dimensional geometry controls division symmetry in stem cell colonies’, published in JCS. Agathe is a postdoc in the lab of Ewa Paluch at the MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology (LMCB), University College London, London, UK, investigating the crosstalk between cell division and cell fate transitions during development
Det ulmer under overflaten. Agathe Backer Grøndahl (1847-1907). Genus, sjanger og norskhet
No full textAbstract Ph.D. dissertation at Göteborg University, Sweden, 2008 Author: Camilla Hambro Title: Det ulmer under overflaten. Agathe Backer Grøndahl (1847–1907), genus, sjanger og norskhet English title: What smoulders beneath the surface. Agathe Backer Grøndahl (1847–1907), gender, genre and Norwegianness Language: Norwegian, with an English summary Department: Department of Culture, Aesthetics and Media Series: Skrifter från musikvetenskap, Göteborgs universitet, nr 91, 2008 ISSN 1654-6261 ISBN 978-91-85974-07-8 My dissertation is a problem oriented one. The composer pianist Agathe Backer Grøndahl (1847–1907) has always been a self-evident figure in chapters of Norwegian music history books that cover music, musicians and composers in "Grieg’s shadow". Extensive historical source materials (reception materials connected to Backer Grøndahl’s concerts and compositions; her letters, notebooks, workbooks and sketches) form the basis of the study. The problems studied are what kind of expectations are connected to three intertwined core concepts connected to Backer Grøndahl, namely: "femininity", "genre", and "Norwegianness" (the folk-influenced Norwegian tradition). Musical and material, as well as institutional, sociological and economical, ”Agathe Backer Grøndahl” discourses are examined. The arenas where the three core concepts and discourses unfold, sound, develop, are moulded and understood, are threefold: •Musical culture with which the pianist composer and her compositions interacted from 1866–1903. •Presentations of her in monographs and music history books. •Various attempts to revise this kind of music historiography. The musical analysis starts out from reception materials connected to her performances of her own works and tries to trace the critics’ descriptions in the scores. The works analyzed are: One of her two orchestral compositions, Andante quasi allegretto for piano and orchestra (1869) in sonata form. (I rediscovered this "lost" work in the National Library in Oslo.) The song "To the queen of my heart" (Op. 1/3, 1870), the descriptively titled lyrical piece Wood Nymph’s Dance (1887), the feminist cantata Nytaarsgry (1901) performed at the Scandinavian Women’s Convention 1902 and the singable and (in)famous song "Eventide" Op. 42/7 1899). Performed compositions become performative via the reception materials, hers, the listeners’ and amateur performers "producerly texts" connected to them
The edible African giant snails: fertility of Achatina achatina (Linn\ue9, 1758), Achatina fulica (Bodwich, 1820) and Archachatina ventricosa (Gould, 1850) in humid forest; influence of animal density and photoperiod on the fertility in breeding
No full textVolume: 39Start Page: 185End Page: 19
Spatial mapping and prediction of Plasmodium falciparum infection risk among school-aged children in Côte d'Ivoire
No full textBACKGROUND: In Côte d'Ivoire, malaria remains a major public health issue, and thus a priority to be tackled. The aim of this study was to identify spatially explicit indicators of Plasmodium falciparum infection among school-aged children and to undertake a model-based spatial prediction of P. falciparum infection risk using environmental predictors.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted, including parasitological examinations and interviews with more than 5,000 children from 93 schools across Côte d'Ivoire. A finger-prick blood sample was obtained from each child to determine Plasmodium species-specific infection and parasitaemia using Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood films. Household socioeconomic status was assessed through asset ownership and household characteristics. Children were interviewed for preventive measures against malaria. Environmental data were gathered from satellite images and digitized maps. A Bayesian geostatistical stochastic search variable selection procedure was employed to identify factors related to P. falciparum infection risk. Bayesian geostatistical logistic regression models were used to map the spatial distribution of P. falciparum infection and to predict the infection prevalence at non-sampled locations via Bayesian kriging.
RESULTS: Complete data sets were available from 5,322 children aged 5-16 years across Côte d'Ivoire. P. falciparum was the predominant species (94.5 %). The Bayesian geostatistical variable selection procedure identified land cover and socioeconomic status as important predictors for infection risk with P. falciparum. Model-based prediction identified high P. falciparum infection risk in the north, central-east, south-east, west and south-west of Côte d'Ivoire. Low-risk areas were found in the south-eastern area close to Abidjan and the south-central and west-central part of the country.
CONCLUSIONS: The P. falciparum infection risk and related uncertainty estimates for school-aged children in Côte d'Ivoire represent the most up-to-date malaria risk maps. These tools can be used for spatial targeting of malaria control interventions
Formes de représentation, impératif d’actualité et enjeux de pouvoir sur les dispositifs numériques : L’exemple de J.K. Rowling et du site pottermore.com
No full textCet article interroge l’évolution des perceptions de la figure d’auteur par le public du fait de sa mise en scène sur les dispositifs numériques. Ces espaces, privilégiant la participation de chacun et les jeux collectifs, posent la question de l’autorité et des rapports de force se jouant au sein des textes y circulant. Le cas d’étude examiné ici, celui de la figure de J.K. Rowling sur le site internet pottermore.com, nous amène à définir l’architexte numérique comme un archi-auteur, déterminant les caractéristiques de la fonction-auteur, la posture de l’écrivain et son image dans le corps social. Nous interrogeons également la pertinence de la notion de « marque auteur » sur les dispositifs numériques, qui permettent à l’auteur d’être perçu comme une entité inaccessible chargée de l’autorité très spécifique des marques et des entreprises.This article questions the evolution of public perceptions of authors as a result of their presence on digital platforms. These environments, which privilege individual participation and collective games, question the notion of authority and of power relationships at play in the texts circulating there. The case study examined here, that of J.K. Rowling on the website pottermore.com, leads us to define the digital architext as an “archi-author,” determining the characteristics of the author-function, the stance of the author and her image in society. We also interrogate the relevance of considering the author as a “brand” on digital devices that allow the author to be perceived as an inaccessible entity laden with the very specific form of authority that is characteristic of brands and companies
"De kast, Huldren gjør med Kohalen" Om kjønn og andre musikalske identiteter i den norske komponisten Agathe Backer Grøndahls "Huldreslaat"
No full textThis article grew out of an interest in the intriguing Norwegian pianist, composer and piano teacher Agathe Backer Grøndahl (1847-1907), and her composition for piano, Huldreslaat. The work received its first performance with the composer herself at the piano in Kristiania 1887. By virtue of being music both in and as gender discourse, the score was in need of further fleshing-out, understanding and analysis. The author starts out from the assumption that gender roles were and are self organizing dynamic systems and that Grøndahl's gender roles worked towards goals that preserved her own interests. Ahistoric gender perspectives do not penetrate the ideological and social complexity in teh cirtics' understanding of femininity, which deviates substantially from the norms of the present. On the other hand close readings of them show us live experiences from the past. It seems like teh delineation of the work's title and Grøndahl's personal appearance were brought to bear on the inherent mednings of her piano playing, and the work in the performance process. Therefore, it is neither possible nor desirable to regard Huldreslaat in total isolation, since gender, Norwegian and international musical identities, are fundamentally intertwined and interdependent in the work, it's context, and reception materials
Biosécurité et productivité du tilapia du Nil Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1958) élevé en zone rurale ivoirienne
No full textBiosecurity and Productivity of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1958) Bred in Ivoirian's Rural Zone. Fingerlings of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were bred in three types of fish farming of rural zone in Ivory Coast to determine impacts of the compliance of biosecurity measures on zootechnical parameters of these bred fishes. Fish farming were shared out in three types of farming based on the value of biosecurity measures compliance, which were 5%, 55%, and 83%. No significant differences were observed between mean values of physic and chemical parameters of ponds water from three types of fish farming. Concerning mean values of zootechnical parameters, the fish breeding with 83% of rate compliance of biosecurity measures had registered better values of zoo technical performance with significant differences compared with others types of fish farming
On the fairness of crowdsourced training data and Machine Learning models for the prediction of subjective properties. The case of sentence toxicity: To be or not to be #$@&%*! toxic? To be or not to be fair?
No full textTraining machine learning (ML) models for natural language processing usually requires lots of data that is often acquired through crowdsourcing. In crowdsourcing, crowd workers annotate data samples according to one or more properties, such as the sentiment of a sentence, the violence of a video segment, the aesthetics of an image, ... To ensure quality of the annotations, several workers annotate the same sample, and their annotations are combined into one unique label using aggregation techniques such as majority voting.When the property to be annotated by the workers is subjective, the workers’ annotations for one same sample might differ, but all be valid. The way the annotations are aggregated can have an effect on the fairness of the outputs of the trained model. For example only accounting for the majority vote leads to ignoring the workers’ opinions which differ from the majority and consequently being discriminative towards certain workers. Also, ML models are not always designed to account for individual opinions, for simplicity's or performance's sake. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, no method exists to assess the fairness of a ML algorithm predicting a subjective property. In this thesis we address such limitations by seeking an answer to the following research question: how can targeted crowdsourcing be used to increase the fairness of ML algorithms trained for subjective properties' prediction?We investigate how annotation aggregation via majority voting creates a dataset bias towards the majority opinion, and how this dataset bias in combination with the current limits of ML models lead to an algorithmic bias of the ML models trained with this dataset and unfairness in the model’s outputs. We assume that an ML model able to return each annotation of each user is a fair model. We propose a new evaluation method of the ML models' fairness, and a methodology to highlight and mitigate potential unfairness based on the creation of adapted training datasets and ML models. Although our work is applicable to any kind of label aggregation for any data subject to multiple interpretations, we focus on the effects of the bias introduced by majority voting for the task of predicting sentence toxicity. Our results show that the fairness evaluation method that we create enables to identify unfair algorithms and compare algorithmic fairness, and the final fairness metric is usable in the training process of ML models. The experiments on the models point out that we can mitigate the biases resulting from majority voting and increase the fairness towards the minority opinions. This is provided that the workers’ individual information and each of their annotations are taken into account when training adapted models, rather than only relying on the aggregated annotations, and that the dataset is resampled on criteria according to the favoured aspect of fairness. We also highlight that more work needs to be done to develop crowdsourcing methods to collect high-quality annotations of subjective properties, possibly at low-cost.Computer Science | Web Information System
Price-Level Targeting
No full textIn November 2006, the Bank of Canada announced its intention to lead a concerted research program over the next few years on the type of monetary policy framework that would best contribute to the economic well-being of Canadians in the decades ahead. The research will focus on two broad questions: whether economic welfare might be improved by targeting a rate of inflation lower than 2 per cent, and whether economic welfare might be improved by moving from an inflation-targeting (IT) framework to some form of price-level targeting (PLT). This paper focuses on the second question. The author provides an overview of the main conclusions in the literature on the relative merits of replacing IT with PLT, identifies some key outstanding questions, and outlines the Bank's research program. The author concludes that, compared with the conventional wisdom that prevailed a decade ago, recent analysis is more promising for PLT. Nevertheless, the models that have been used so far often ignore some of the key potential benefits, or some of the key potential costs, associated with PLT. More research is needed before one can draw strong conclusions.Monetary policy framework
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