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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Taxation in developing countries: Case study of Cameroon
Get PDFIn the beginning of the 1980s, Cameroon witnessed a sustained rate of growth, associated essentially with the boom in the oil sector. Increased budgetary and extra-budgetary resources generated by this sector helped to raise the investment rate in the economy, and to maintain a reasonable level of external indebtedness. But after this period of expansion, the country experienced unfavourable economic development caused by a successive decline in the terms of trade, leading to profound imbalances, notably in public finance and the external account. The government subsequently initiated a series of measures to reform its tax system and to adapt it to national economic realities. An efficient and equitable taxation encourages production and the accumulation of national wealth stimulates saving and investments and hence job creation. Such a tax system could, therefore, ensure sustainable growth and development in Cameroon. The study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of the tax system in Cameroon. In particular, the paper reviews the chronology of the main tax reforms and the evidence on the distributional aspect of taxation. Investigating the issues involved with tax administration and decentralization in the country and local government finances, it also attempts to explore the problems and successes associated with the implementation of tax reforms
Taxation in Developing Countries: Case Study of Cameroon
Get PDFtax reform, Cameroon, incidence, impact analysis
Inequality in the Distribution of Household Expenditure in Cameroon
Get PDFIn the literature, it is generally accepted that consumption is a more appropriate welfare measure than household income or salaries. This paper aims to investigate the evolution of expenditure inequality in Cameroon over the 1984-1996 period, with the help of Lorenz Curves, the Gini coefficient, and two entropy measures of inequality. Total expenditure inequality is decomposed into the within-groups and between-groups components using Theils decomposition techniques and household expenditure data derived from the 1984 and 1996 National household surveys (i.e. the 1983/1984 Household Consumption Budget (EBC) survey, and the 1996 Cameroonian Household Survey (ECAM1)). Decompositions are carried out according to the residence area (rural, semi-urban, and urban), stratum, age, educational level and the gender of the household head. Policy implications are discussed. --Inequality,Expenditure,Decomposition,Household Surveys,Cameroon
Poverty Changes in Cameroon over the 1996-2007 Period
No full textThis study examines changes in the extent of poverty in Cameroon during the period 1996-2007. More specifically, it investigates the determinants of poverty as well as the contributions of growth and redistribution factors to changes in poverty over a period of 12 years going from 1996 to 2007. The analysis is based on data gathered at the household level by three consecutive household surveys that were conducted in 1996, 2001 and 2007 respectively. The results of the study show that over a period of 12 years, the extent of poverty decreased by more than half in the urban area, while in the rural area, it fell first between 1996 and 2001, and then increased from 50% in 2001 to 55% in 2007. This alarming rate of increase in poverty in the rural area requires a greater attention of the government which should initiate efficient poverty reduction programs. The study also reveals that human and social resources, as well as physical capital, household size, the occupation and the residence region are the main determinants of poverty. Lastly, the decomposition of changes in poverty into growth and redistribution components indicates that during the sub-period 1996-2001, growth and redistribution contributed to the reduction of urban poverty, whereas redistribution almost did not have any impact on the reduction of rural poverty. On the other hand, over the sub-period 2001-2007, the reduction of poverty in the urban area is mainly explained by the effects of growth and redistribution, while in the rural area, the increase in poverty is essentially explained by the unfavourable growth effect. The implications of the results of the study for a pro-poor policy are discussed.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V62017031241 AND DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijSci.124
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Endettement du Cameroun: Probl.mes et solutions
Get PDFdebt, HIPC, debt sustainability, Cameroon, Dette, All.gement de la dette, Initiative PPTE, Soutenabilit. de la dette, Cameroun
Lessons from experience with ex-ante poverty impact : assessments of macroeconomic policies in Cameroon
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