5,444 research outputs found
Contro la funzionalizzazione della contrattazione collettiva. Riflessioni sul pensiero di Mario Rusciano
No full textL'autore riflette sul pensiero di Mario Rusciano in punto di funzionalizzazione della contrattazione collettiva.The author reflects on the thought of Mario Rusciano in relation to the subject of the functionalisation of collective bargaining
Beyond National Borders; Italian Patriots United in the name of Giuseppe Mazzini: Emilie Ashurst, Margaret Fuller and Jessie White Mario
No full textThis article looks at the extent of women's participation in the Italian Risorgimento. In particular, the lives and works of Ashurst, Fuller and Mario, three of its female protagonists, are analysed in order to comprehend the reasons why a number of foreign intellectuals took the cause of the Italian Risorgimento to heart and actively campaigned to support the birth of the Italian state. A close examination of Mazzini's writings and personal letters reveals how, thanks to the democratic force of his ideas, he won the trust of many women in whose role he recognised the same social and political worth ascribed to men
Characterization of Burkholderia gladioli strains causal agents of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) bacterial rot
No full textBurkholderia gladioli is the causal agent of a bacterial disease
recently reported in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) grown in central
Sardinia (Italy). The symptoms were rot of emerging flowers and
shoots, and spots on leaves. In the last two years the disease has
been particularly harmful, reducing flowering by some 80%. Isolations
on nutrient glucose agar from symptomatic plants produced
two types of colony. The first type (ten isolates) was round,
wrinkled, and yellowish. The second type (fifteen isolates) was
round, smooth and colourless. In pathogenicity tests, the twenty
five isolates reproduced symptoms on saffron plants, while only
the first type of isolate was pathogenic on gladiolus leaves. The
twenty five isolates were analyzed with the computerised BIOLOG
system, conventional tests and genomic tests such as PCR
and PCR-RFLP. BIOLOG, conventional tests and PCR using
LP1 and LP4 primers, identified all isolates as Burkholderia gladioli.
PCR-RFLP analysis using three restriction enzymes (AluI,
DdeI and BssKI), identified only ten of the isolates (nine wrinkled
and one smooth) as B. gladioli pv. gladioli. Our evidence indicates
that other B. gladioli forms are also involved in this bacterial rot
of saffron, and further studies are under way to verify this
Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for disease-related phenotypes.
No full textQuantitative variation underlies normal as well as pathological traits, and large part of this variability is under the control of genetic loci. Thanks to a better understanding of the extent and nature of human genetic variability and the subsequent availability of an increasing number of genetic markers, genetic mapping of several such quantitative trait loci, or QTLs, has been accomplished in the past 20 years or so using linkage and association analysis in family-based and population-based studies. Rather than alternative, such methods are complementary as each has optimal power of detecting genetic variants underlying variability of quantitative traits under different scenarios defined by the QTL allele frequencies and magnitude of genetic effects. We describe how to apply such analyses to whole-genome or candidate-gene genetic marker data to correlate genetic variability to quantitative trait variability for the purpose of gene mapping and identification. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Attività di prodotti eco-compatibili per il controllo di agenti del “deperimento” del nocciolo in Sardegna.
No full textAl fine di contenere i danni causati da Pseudomonas syringae pv. coryli (Psc), P. s. pv. syringae (Pss) e Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina (Xac), agenti rispettivamente della “moria dei rametti”, dell’“avvizzimento dei rametti e delle branche” e del “bacterial blight” su nocciolo in Sardegna, sono stati saggiati nove oli essenziali (Artemisia arborescens, Bupleurum fructicosum, Foeniculum vulgare, Lavandula stoechas, Mentha pulegium, Myrtus communis, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia desoleana e Thymus capitatus) estratti da piante coltivate in Sardegna e cinque ceppi antagonisti isolati da piante di timo (DPPSS T1, DPPSS T2, DPPSS T3, DPPSS T4 e DPPSS T5). Gli antagonisti erano Gram positivi, formavano endospore, negativi all’ossidasi e in base ai profili nutrizionali ottenuti con il sistema Biolog sono stati ascritti a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
Preliminarmente in vitro è stata determinata, con il metodo della diffusione in agar, l’attività antibatterica di oli essenziali e antagonisti nei confronti di quattro ceppi di Pss, due di Psc e due di Xac. Per gli oli più efficaci (Finocchio, Menta, Mirto, Rosmarino e Timo), è stata determinata, in brodo nutritivo, la concentrazione minima inibitoria. Essa era di 600 ppm per gli oli di Finocchio, Menta e Mirto; di 400 ppm per l’olio di Timo; per il Rosmarino era superiore a 800 ppm. Fra i ceppi antagonisti, l’efficacia maggiore è stata mostrata dagli isolati DPPSS T2, DPPSS T3.
I quattro oli essenziali più efficaci (Finocchio, Menta, Mirto e Timo) sono stati saggiati per la fitotossicità su piantine di nocciolo, pomodoro e frutti di limone. Su foglie di nocciolo sono risultati fitotossici l’olio essenziale di Finocchio ed in minor misura quello di Menta; quello di Timo è risultato fitotossico sulle piantine di pomodoro. Gli antagonisti DPPSS T2 e DPPSS T3 saggiati per la reazione di ipersensibilità su tabacco e la patogenicità su piantine di nocciolo, pomodoro e frutti di limone sono risultati negativi.
La capacità di controllo di oli e antagonisti degli otto ceppi batterici (Pss, Psc e Xac) è stata valutata in infezioni sperimentali su piantine di nocciolo allevate in vaso e, per i ceppi di Pss, anche su frutti di limone. I risultati (osservazioni e isolamenti su mezzi idonei) hanno indicato che oli e antagonisti irrorati prima delle inoculazioni erano in grado di prevenire le infezioni.Activity of essential oils and bacterial isolates to control bacterial strains causal agents of hazelnut decline in Sardinia
In order to control the damage caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. coryli (Psc), P. s. pv. syringae (Pss) and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina (Xac), causal agents respectively of “twig dieback”, “twig and branch wilting” and “bacterial blight” of hazelnut in Sardinia, nine essential oils extracted from plants of Artemisia arborescens, Bupleurum fructicosum, Foeniculum vulgare, Lavandula stoechas, Mentha pulegium, Myrtus communis, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia desoleana and Thymus capitatus grown in Sardinia, and five bacterial antagonistic isolated from thymus plants (DPPSS T1, DPPSS T2, DPPSS T3, DPPSS T4 and DPPSS T5) were tested. Antagonistic isolates were positive for Gram reaction and endospore formation, negative for oxidase; Biolog system identified our isolates as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
In a preliminary trial essential oils and antagonistic bacteria were screened in vitro by the diffusion agar method for antibacterial activity against four pathovars of Pss, two of Psc and two of Xac. In order to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, the more efficacious ones (Fennel, Mint, Myrtle, Rosemary and Thyme) were tested in nutrient broth. For Fennel, Mint and Myrtle oils the minimum inhibitory concentration was 600 ppm, for Thyme was 400 ppm, while, for Rosemary oil, the minimum inhibithory concentration was above 800 ppm. Among the antagonistic bacteria, DPPSS T 2 and DPPSS T 3 were the most efficacious.
Fennel, Mint, Myrtle and Thyme essential oils were tested for toxicity on hazelnut and tomato plants and lemon fruits. Fennel essential oil was more toxic than Mint on hazelnut leaves; while Thyme essential oil was toxic on tomato plants only. Antagonistic bacteria DPPSS T 2 and DPPSS T 3 were not able to elicit the hypersensitivity reaction on tobacco leaves and were not pathogenic on hazelnut and tomato plants and lemon fruits.
The effectiveness of essential oils and antagonistic bacteria to control bacterial pathogens (Pss, Psc and Xac) were evaluated on hazelnut and tomato plants and for Pss strains also on lemon fruits experimentally infected. The results (observations and isolations on suitable media) showed that essential oils and antagonistic bacteria were able to prevent infections when plants and fruits were treated before inoculation
A statistical test for detecting parent-of-origin effects when parental information is missing
Full text linkGenomic imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism that leads to differential contributions of maternal and paternal alleles to offspring gene expression in a parent-of-origin manner. We propose a novel test for detecting the parent-of-origin effects (POEs) in genome wide genotype data from related individuals (twins) when the parental origin cannot be inferred. The proposed method exploits a finite mixture of linear mixed models: the key idea is that in the case of POEs the population can be clustered in two different groups in which the reference allele is inherited by a different parent. A further advantage of this approach is the possibility to obtain an estimation of parental effect when the parental information is missing. We will also show that the approach is flexible enough to be applicable to the general scenario of independent data. The performance of the proposed test is evaluated through a wide simulation study. The method is finally applied to known imprinted genes of the MuTHER twin study data
Statistical tools for linkage analysis and genetic association studies
No full textGenetic mapping by linkage analysis has been an invaluable tool in the positional strategy to identify the molecular basis of many rare Mendelian disorders. With the attention of the scientific and medical community shifting towards the analysis of more common, complex traits, it has become necessary to develop new approaches that take into account the complexity of the genetic basis of these disorders and their possible interaction with other, nongenetic factors. Linkage disequilibrium studies are now becoming increasingly popular thanks to the advent of genotyping platforms that allow genome-wide searching for association between hundreds of thousands of random polymorphisms and disease phenotypes in large samples of unrelated individuals. Moreover, the definition of the disease phenotype itself is being reconsidered to include quantitative traits that may better define the underlying biologic mechanisms for many pathologic conditions. This article will review classic and new approaches to genetic mapping by linkage and association analysis and discuss the directions this field is likely to take in the near future
Caratterizzazione di popolazioni di Pseudomonas syringae agenti dell’ “avvizzimento” di rami e branche su nocciolo in Sardegna
No full textCaratterizzazione di isolati di Pseudomonas syringae agenti dell’avvizzimento del nocciolo in Sardegna
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