182 research outputs found
Development of Hypervideo Platform Using Object Databases
No full textWeb users are seizing on interactive capabilities that software suppliers have developed so far, and are eagerly awaiting new interactive capabilities now being demonstrated. This paper focuses the development of rich information environment based on a customized platform enabling hyperlinks on objects within a digital video. With the help of such environment, the viewer is able to view multiple videos concurrently and browse them temporally as well as spatially with the help of an object database. Specifically, the platform enables to traverse through that object by linking, and such links have been explored and created. The link may connect to within a video, or multiple running videos and/or World Wide Web object. The issues such as open hypermedia link base (static, generic or dynamic) and object database versus multiple videos are also investigated
Effects of Diabetogenic Agent Streptozotocin on Hematological Parameters of Wistar Albino Rats "An Experimental Study"
No full textBackground: Diabetes mellitus has remained the major concern for medical sciences researches due to its deleterious effects on general, physical and mental health of patients. To understand the pathophysiology and to explore better treatment options for such kind of metabolic disorders it is necessary to generate the experimental animal models. To create diabetic animal models, streptozotocin has shown predominance in selectivity as a diabetogenic agent. While studying effects of any intervention in the diabetic animal models, being a cytotoxic drug streptozotocin may affect the study results by inhibiting highly replicating cells especially hematopoietic cells.
Keywords: Streptozotocin; animal model; hematological parameters.
1. INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus has remained the major concern for medical sciences researches not only due to its high incidence and prevalence rate but also due its deleterious effects on general, physical and mental health of the patients [1]. To understand the pathophysiology and to explore better treatment options for such kind of metabolic disorders it is necessary to generate the experimental animal models [2]. To create diabetic animal models, surgical (pancreatectomy) and pharmacological (alloxan monohydrate and streptozotocin) options have been used in research but pharmacological options particularly use of streptozotocin has shown predominance in selectivity as a diabetogenic agent [1,2]. Chemically, streptozotocin is a derivative of synthetic Nitrosoureido Glucopyranose and has been used for cancer chemotherapies [3], being its potential to inhibit DNA synthesis in bacterial and mammalian cells [4]. While its diabetogenic effect is thought to be attributed to its ability to cause pancreatic β cells’ death by DNA alkylation and hence used to induce diabetes mellitus in experimental animals [5,6].
The methods to induce diabetes in animal models by streptozotocin fall under three categories 1. Multiple small doses (i.e. 40 mg/kg) of streptozotocin over a period of several days 2. A single moderate dose (i.e. 60 mg/kg) of streptozotocin or 3. A single large dose (100 mg/kg) of streptozotocin produce diabetes in 48-
72 hours. Usually a single large dose of streptozotocin is used to induce diabetes in experimental models as reported by Ito et al. 100 mg / kg of streptozotocin produced non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in experimental animals [7]. Streptozotocin can be administered by various routes including subcutaneous and intramuscular routes but intraperitoneal and intravenous administration routes are preferred. [8]. After 3-4 days of streptozotocin administration fasting blood glucose levels are obtained to confirm the accuracy of procedure [9] and on 5th day when 180-500 mg/dl serum glucose levels are obtained experimental animals are considered as diabetic [10].
Though streptozotocin is preferred pharmaco- logical method for induction of diabetes [11], many studies have reported spontaneous recovery from hyperglycemia due to reactive hyperinsulinemia insulinoma [12,13,14]. Streptototozin, not only affects pancreas and cause diabetes in experimental animals but also have a potential to produce toxic effects on other body tissues as well. It has been learnt through a number of studies that streptozotocin is associated with high incidence of hepatic and renal tumors [15], increase in permeability of blood brain barrier [16], renal hypertrophy [17] and retinal damage in experimental animal models [18]. As already discussed that streptozotocin damages DNA by alkylation and produces free radicals, therefore it may harm any organ system of animals [19]. Despite of aforementioned, streptozotocin is still employed
Aims: The aim of study was to analyze the effects of streptozotocin on various cellular components of blood such as RBCs, WBCs (Lymphocytes, Neutrophils, Eosinophils), Hb%, HCT and Platelets, at baseline, 5th day and 15th day without any intervention.
Study Design: Animal based Experimental study.
Place and duration of Study: The study was conducted at animal house of faculty of Pharmacy Ziauddin University Karachi, while laboratory work was performed at MDRL-1 Ziauddin University. Methodology: In Group A normal saline and in group B and C 60 mg / kg streptozotocin diluted in normal saline was administered intraperitoneally. After the confirmation of induction of Diabetes in rats, on fifth day blood samples were drawn from Group A and B and were analyzed. While blood samples from group C were drawn on fifteenth day.
Results: Analysis of various hematological parameters on 5th day revealed that there was a decrease in the levels of Hb, HCT, RBCs and WBCs with an increase in platelet count in group B in comparison to group A (control). On the other hand, in Group C (15th day), blood cell counts (Hb, HCT, RBCs, WBCs, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils and platelets) seemed to recover from streptozotocin induced decline that was observed in group B, however did not reach the baselines as in group A(control).
Conclusion: It is concluded that change in hematological parameters of rats after administration of streptozotocin is reversible. The blood parameters may recover near to base line values without any intervention within two weeks
Study of Pakistan pilot project farmer-leaders to Nepal
No full textFarmer participation / Irrigation management / Farmer managed irrigation systems / Irrigated farming / Sustainable agriculture / Institution building / Pakistan
Comparative analysis of antidyslipidemic effects of fenugreek seed extract and standard pharmacological therapy in diet induced animal model of dyslipidemia. An experimental study
No full textObjectives: The objective of this study was to compare the antidyslipidemic effects of fenugreek seed extract in comparison to standard drugs used for dyslipidemia in an animal model of dyslipidemia.
Methods: It was an experimental study conducted on 42 male, 9 weeks old Wistar albino rats for a period of 7 weeks. Animals were randomly divided into 7 groups, out of which 6 groups were given lipid rich diet to induce dyslipidemia for 28 days while one group served as control given normal diet. After 28 days standard drugs alone as well as in combinations (statins 10 mg/kg and fibrates 100 mg/kg) and fenugreek seed extract in two different doses, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg were administered once a day for 21 days to all the respective groups except positive (lipid rich diet) and negative control groups (on normal diet), both were administered normal saline. Baseline body weights of all groups of animals were measured at the start of the study. At the end of the study period, body weights of all groups of animal groups were measured again and their blood was drawn through cardiac puncture for the assessment of TC, LDL-C, HDL, TGs, D/B, I/B and ALT. All the intervention groups were compared on the basis of above mentioned parameters and changes in weight.
Results: Amongst all the groups, lipid parameters (TC, LDL, TGs) showed a significant reduction and increase in HDL in the group on FSE in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, FSE also showed significant decrease in the levels of liver enzymes including ALT, D/B and in body weight when compared to other groups. While we did not find any significant change for urea, creatinine and I/B amongst all the groups.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the fenugreek seed extract showed superior effects when compared to traditional pharmacological therapy against dyslipidemia
Are Two Interviews Better Than One? Memory across Repeated Cognitive Interviews.
No full textEyewitnesses to a filmed event were interviewed twice using a Cognitive Interview to examine the effects of variations in delay between the repeated interviews (immediately & 2 days; immediately & 7 days; 7 & 9 days) and the identity of the interviewers (same or different across the two repeated interviews). Hypermnesia (an increase in total amount of information recalled in the repeated interview) occurred without any decrease in the overall accuracy. Reminiscence (the recall of new information in the repeated interview) was also found in all conditions but was least apparent in the longest delay condition, and came with little cost to the overall accuracy of information gathered. The number of errors, increased across the interviews, but the relative accuracy of participants' responses was unaffected. However, when accuracy was calculated based on all unique details provided across both interviews and compared to the accuracy of recall in just the first interview it was found to be slightly lower. The identity of the interviewer (whether the same or different across interviews) had no effects on the number of correct details. There was an increase in recall of new details with little cost to the overall accuracy of information gathered. Importantly, these results suggest that witnesses are unlikely to report everything they remember during a single Cognitive Interview, however exhaustive, and a second opportunity to recall information about the events in question may provide investigators with additional information
The Role of Muhammad Umar Memon in Fictional Translations
No full textThe history of fiction translation in Urdu Language is not veryold and one of the able translator we see in this history isMUHAMMAD UMAR MEMON. The element of creativity canbe seen prominently in its translations. He adapted the works ofArabic, French, English, Czech writers into Urdu style such away that due to the rare use of similes, the meaning was freedfrom the confines of the text even for the Urdu Readers. Themain merit of MemonLs translations is that while having acreative element, do not depart form the source text so that thestory reach the target in that style the author intended. Thepleasant style in which the complicated plot story is welladopted to the target language is a proof of its trustworthiness
Causes of recurrence in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (vol 22, pg 975, 2018)
No full textIn the original publication, affiliation 3 was incorrectly published for the author 'Darius Ashrafi'. The correct affiliation should read as 'Department of Surgery, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
False claims about false memory research
No full textPezdek and Lam [Pezdek, K. & Lam, S. (2007). What research paradigms have cognitive psychologists used to study “False memory,” and what are the implications of these choices? Consciousness and Cognition] claim that the majority of research into false memories has been misguided. Specifically, they charge that false memory scientists have been (1) misusing the term “false memory,” (2) relying on the wrong methodologies to study false memories, and (3) misapplying false memory research to real world situations. We review each of these claims and highlight the problems with them. We conclude that several types of false memory research have advanced our knowledge of autobiographical and recovered memories, and that future research will continue to make significant contributions to how we understand memory and memory errors
The Effect of Priming Biblical Benevolence on Prosocial Behavior Rabia Memon
No full textabstract: Religion and the belief in supernatural agents have been assumed to play an important role in encouraging prosocial behavior. However, different studies conducted have shown a complex relation between religion and prosociality. For example, Darley & Batson (1973) found that religious people do not always help strangers. In the present study, Christian participants were primed with benevolent commandments attributed to either the Bible or past historical figures or secular, non-benevolent quotes (control). I then measured their willingness to help pick up envelopes dropped by either a Muslim (wearing a hijab) or non-Muslim confederate woman. The results show that subjects primed with Bible or presidential quotes about benevolence were more likely to be helpful to the Muslim confederate than those in the control group. Differences between the Bible and presidential condition were not significant. I conclude that an authority, whether it be a president or God, promoting benevolence can increase prosocial behaviors toward out-group members
Flow structure and heat transfer in an impinging jet CVD reactor:
No full textA detailed experimental study is undertaken to investigate the flow structure and heat transfer in an impinging jet Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) reactor at atmospheric pressure. It is critical to develop models that predict flow patterns in such a reactor to achieve uniform deposition across the substrate. Free convection can negatively affect the gas flow as cold inlet gas impinges on the heated substrate, leading to vortices and disturbances in the normal flow path. This experimental research will be used to understand the buoyancy-induced and momentum-driven flow structure encountered in an impinging jet CVD reactor. Investigations are conducted for various operational parameters such as substrate temperature and inlet velocity. In addition, different reactor geometries with varying inlet length and height between the substrate and inlet are included in the study. Experimental results obtained from the study provide information on the temperature distribution, heat transfer rates, and flow field. Such results validate the operation of the reactor at atmospheric pressure and provide valuable insight into future design of impinging jet CVD reactors.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-67)by Nasir Memo
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