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    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Standardized training programmes for advanced laparoscopic gynaecological surgery

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    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an overview of the available evidence on the role of the different methods in laparoscopic training, and to summarize the results obtained with standardized training programmes in advanced laparoscopic gynaecological surgery. RECENT FINDINGS: Box trainers as well as virtual reality simulators ensure a benefit in terms of surgical skills development. No data are available showing superiority of one method compared to another. Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) remains the most widely used and established scoring system to assess the acquired laparoscopic abilities, also in the field of advanced gynaecological surgery. Standardized training programmes have been recognized as reliable tools able to improve the development of surgical skills, particularly for innovative surgical techniques, such as laparoscopic endoscopic single-site surgery. SUMMARY: The traditional approach based on observing and assisting needs to be updated incorporating box trainers and virtual reality simulators. The development of innovative training methods, integrating box trainers and virtual reality simulators, represents the future horizon. All tertiary centres involved in advanced laparoscopic gynaecological surgery should contribute to the development of an integrated network of standardized training programmes, in order to ensure a high-quality laparoscopic training to gynaecologists. © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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