1,721,065 research outputs found
SACOLEVE: A program on spatial and temporal adaptation of a traditional mediterranean fishery facing regional change: combining history and ecology to study past, present and future of sponge harvesting
No full textInternational audienceThe production of Mediterranean bath sponges collapsed during the past century as it is shown by Tunisian catches which went from 108 tons in 1920 down to 9 tons in 1988. Another illustration is given by the well-known sponge fishing island of Kalymnos which lost about 90% of its active fishermen population in a century between 1858 and 1967. For what reasons a Mediterranean traditional fishery once prosperous did dramatically decline? What part of the decline can be attributed to the lessening of the bath sponge stock and what to a decreasing number of fishermen? How can this decline of the sponge fishery be related to changes in uses, overfishing, disease outbreaks triggered by climate events? How did sponge fishermen adapt to these Regional Changes in the past? What is the future of such a fishery? What kind of guidelines can we provide for this fishery facing the on-going Regional Change? To answer these questions, SACOLEVE looks through ecological and historical windows into past evolution of the sponge fishery, chosen here as a model of traditional fishery which suffered good number of upheavals over the last three centuries. The overreaching aim of this program is to propose a management strategy for traditional fisheries that will allow attaining eco-durable practices in the current environmental, socio-economic and geopolitical contexts.La production des éponges commerciales méditerranéennes s’est effondrée au cours du siècle dernier, à l’image de la production tunisienne qui est passée de 108 tonnes en 1920 à 9 tonnes en 1988. Un même phénomène peut être observable sur l’île de Kalymnos (Dodécanèse), où le nombre des actifs employés dans cette pêche a baissé de 90% entre 1858 et 1967. Pour quelle raison cette pêche traditionnelle méditerranéenne a-t-elle connu un déclin aussi dramatique ? Quelle est la part dans cette évolution de la surpêche et des changements globaux ? Ces pêcheries ont-elles encore un avenir ? Le programme SACOLEVE propose une approche intersectorielle de cette thématique, dans le cadre d’une étude socio-environnementale de cette ressource spécifique
Cultiver la mer : biodiversité marine et développement de l’ostréiculture dans le Midi méditerranéen français au XIXe siècle
No full textDie Nutzung des Meers : Meeresbiodiversität und die Entwicklung der Austernzucht im Süden Frankreichs im 19. Jahrhundert.
Die natürlichen Austernbänke der Mittelmeerküste verschwanden unter dem Seconde Empire fast ganz, Opfer einer übermäßigen Bewirtschaftung in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Zur gleichen Zeit aber wurde diese Muschel immer mehr von den Konsumenten verlangt, was die Nachfrage steigen ließ und zu verschiedenen Intitiativen führte. Durch die große Nachfrage treten die ersten Versuche der öffentlichen Hand, die Austernzucht in Sète und in Toulon voranzutreiben, rasch in den Hintergrund und private Unternehmensgruppen, die sich selbst als « Industrielle des Meeres » bezeichneten, wurden aktiv.Victims of over exploitation during the first half of the 19th Century, natural oyster beds on the Mediterranean coast died out almost definitively during the Second Empire. At the same time, however, this shell-fish, more and more appreciated by consumers, nourished a vast movement of interest and initiatives. In a context of relative penury, public authorities were at the bottom of the first attempts at cultivating oysters in Sète and Toulon before letting a group of private businessmen, who defined themselves as « maritime manufacturers » , take over.Victimes d’une exploitation abusive dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle, les huîtrières naturelles du littoral méditerranéen s’éteignent de façon presque définitive sous le Second Empire. À la même époque cependant, ce coquillage, de plus en plus apprécié des consommateurs, nourrit un vaste mouvement d’intérêt et d’initiatives. Dans un contexte de pénurie relative, les pouvoirs publics, à l’origine des premières tentatives d’ostréiculture à Sète et à Toulon, s’effacent rapidement au profit d’un groupe d’entrepreneurs privés, se définissant eux-mêmes comme des « industriels de la mer » .El cultivo del mar : biodiversidad marina y desarrollo de la ostreicultura en el Mediodía mediterráneo francés en el siglo XIX.
Como son víctimas de una explotación abusiva en la primera mitad del siglo XIX, los hostrales naturales de la costa mediterránea se extinguen casi definitivamente bajo el Segundo Imperio. En la misma época sin embargo, ese marisco que se aprecia cada vez más es fuente de un amplio movimiento de interés y de iniciativas. En un contexto de relativa penuria, los poderes públicos que fomentan los primeros intentos de ostreicultura en Sète y en Toulon, dejan rápidamente obrar un grupo de impresarios privados que se definen como « industriales del mar » .Faget Daniel. Cultiver la mer : biodiversité marine et développement de l’ostréiculture dans le Midi méditerranéen français au XIXe siècle. In: Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, Tome 119, N°258, 2007. Les triens mérovingiens en Limousin. pp. 207-226
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Le Poison et la poudre. Passé de braconnage halieutique en Méditerranée (XVIIIe-XXe siècles)
No full textInternational audienc
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
