497 research outputs found
Espaços e estórias na obra de Rodrigo Leal de Carvalho: Encontro com o escritor
No full textIn Part 1 of this study, we interview Rodrigo Leal de Carvalho, the person and the writer. In Part 2, we examine his novels and complete this section with a thorough review of studies about the author or that refer to his works. Na primeira parte deste estudo, entrevistamos Rodrigo Leal de Carvalho, a pessoa e o escritor. Na segunda parte analisamos os seus romances e completamos este trabalho com uma revisão meticulosa de estudos sobre o autor ou de referência à sua obra
Non-overlap of hosts used by three congeneric and sympatric loranthaceous mistletoe species in an Amazonian savanna: host generalization to extreme specialization
No full textTwo main hypotheses predominate in the literature on mistletoe-host specificity: (1) mistletoes are only likely to specialize on plant species on which they are frequently deposited; and (2) compatibility between mistletoes and plant species is a prerequisite for mistletoe-host parasitism. I explored these hypotheses by studying the seed deposition patterns and mistletoe-host compatibility in populations of three congeneric and sympatric mistletoe species of the genus Psittacanthus (P. biternatus, P. eucalyptifolius and P. plagiophyllus - Loranthaceae). I recorded the presence or absence of these mistletoe species in 15 tree species in a savanna patch in Amazonia. Among the five tree species that I found to be potential hosts (at least one tree individual infected), I also recorded if they had at least one mistletoe seed of any species attached to their branches. Finally, I planted seeds of all mistletoe species on the same individual trees in various hosts and non-host species and recorded seed survivorship and seedling establishment within 7 (P. plagiophyllus) to 12 months (P. biternatus and P. eucalyptifolius) after planting. There was no overlap among trees used as hosts by the three Psittacanthus species. Th e most specialized mistletoe species occurred in different host tree species with low relative abundance at the study site (Psittacanthus eucalyptifolius on Vatairea macrocarpa (Benth.) Ducke, and P. plagiophyllus on Anacardium occidentale L.). Mistletoe-host compatibility, and not seed deposition patterns, was the factor most likely to explain patterns of host use by Psittacanthus species at this study site.Duas hipóteses principais predominam na literatura sobre a especificidade entre ervas-de-passarinho e hospedeiros: (1) ervas-de-passarinho só poderão se especializar em espécies de plantas em que elas são frequentemente depositadas; e (2) compatibilidade entre as ervas-depassarinho e as espécies de plantas é um prerequisito para o parasitismo. Explorei estas hipóteses com o estudo dos padrões de deposição de sementes e a compatibilidade entre ervas-de-passarinho e hospedeiros em populações de três espécies de ervas-de-passarinho congenéricas e simpátricas do gênero Psittacanthus (P. biternatus, P. eucalyptifolius and P. plagiophyllus - Loranthaceae) e registrei a presença ou ausência destas três espécies em 15 espécies de árvores em uma mancha de savana na Amazônia. Entre as cinco espécies de árvores que eu encontrei infectadas, também registrei se elas possuíam pelo menos uma semente de erva-de-passarinho de qualquer das espécies aderida aos seus galhos. Finalmente, plantei sementes de todas as espécies de ervas-de-passarinho nas mesmas árvores em várias espécies de hospedeiros e não-hospedeiros e registrei a sobrevivência das sementes e o estabelecimento ao final de 7 (P. plagiophyllus) e 12 meses (P. biternatus e P. eucalyptifolius). Não houve sobreposição entre as árvores utilizadas como hospedeiros pelas três espécies de Psittacanthus. As espécies de ervas-de-passarinho mais especializadas ocorreram em diferentes espécies de hospedeiros com baixa abundância relativa na área de estudo (Psittacanthus eucalyptifolius em Vatairea macrocarpa (Benth.) Ducke, e P. plagiophyllus em Anacardium occidentale L.). A compatibilidade entre a erva-de-passarinho e o hospedeiro, e não o padrão de deposição de sementes, foi o fator mais propício a explicar os padrões de uso de hospedeiros por Psittacanthus neste local
Vt cecinit poeta: the presence of Virgil in Rodrigo de Castro's De uniuersa mulierum medicina
No full textDe uniuersa mulierum medicina, by the Portuguese physician Rodrigo de Castro, is a complex gynaecological treatise that comprises sources concerning various medical aspects, both ancient and contemporary to the author, and also non-technical sources, namely poets from classical antiquity. This being the first article on the presence of Virgil in Castro, the main goal is to see where Virgil's Georgics 4 and Aeneid 6 are used in the De uniuersa mulierum medicina and explore how passages from the Virgilian oeuvre were used by the Portuguese physician.De uniuersa mulierum medicina, by the Portuguese physician Rodrigo de Castro, is a complex gynaecological treatise that comprises sources concerning various medical aspects, both ancient and contemporary to the author, and also non-technical sources, namely poets from classical antiquity. This being the first article on the presence of Virgil in Castro, the main goal is to see where Virgil's Georgics 4 and Aeneid 6 are used in the De uniuersa mulierum medicina and explore how passages from the Virgilian oeuvre were used by the Portuguese physician
Vt cecinit poeta : The presence of Virgil in Rodrigo de Castro's De uniuersa mulierum medicina
No full textDe uniuersa mulierum medicina, by the Portuguese physician Rodrigo de Castro, is a complex gynaecological treatise that comprises sources concerning various medical aspects, both
ancient and contemporary to the author, and also non-technical sources, namely poets from
classical antiquity. This being the first article on the presence of Virgil in Castro, the main goal
is to see where Virgil’s Georgics 4 and Aeneid 6 are used in the De uniuersa mulierum medicina
and explore how passages from the Virgilian oeuvre were used by the Portuguese physician.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Fire and host abundance as determinants of the distribution of three congener and sympatric mistletoes in an Amazonian savanna
No full textMost mistletoe species that live in savanna patches are subjected to frequent fires. Although having similar habits, even congener species may parasitize very different host species and show different degrees of specialization that may differentially affect their resistance to fire. We studied three congener mistletoe species with a diverse degree of specificity to their hosts: Psittacanthus biternatus, Psittacanthus eucalyptifolius and Psittacanthus plagiophyllus, the first being the most generalist species, and the last the most specialist. We investigated their prevalence (proportion of hosts infected) in 35 plots of an Amazonian savanna, with different fire histories. Our aim was to understand if they respond similarly to fire frequency and the abundance of their hosts. Additionally, we experimentally applied fire to individuals of the three species using a portable propane flamethrower to test for the influence of mistletoe species, plant size and quantity of heat pulses (single or double burn) on mistletoe survivorship. Prevalence varied greatly among species: 1.5 percent for P. biternatus, 4.8 percent for P. eucalyptifolius and 20 percent for P. plagiophyllus. Prevalence of P. plagiophyllus was negatively related to fire frequency, while for the other two species it was not. Psittacanthus biternatus had a higher probability of survival compared with the other two species, and larger plants were more likely to survive under single burn treatment and to regenerate through sprouting. Our results suggest that, due to complex interactions between fire, hosts and mistletoes, even sympatric species may respond differently to fire frequency and host abundance. © 2011 The Author(s) Journal compilation © 2011 Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation
Modeling occupancy of hosts by mistletoe seeds after accounting for imperfect detectability.
No full textThe detection of an organism in a given site is widely used as a state variable in many metapopulation and epidemiological studies. However, failure to detect the species does not necessarily mean that it is absent. Assessing detectability is important for occupancy (presence-absence) surveys; and identifying the factors reducing detectability may help improve survey precision and efficiency. A method was used to estimate the occupancy status of host trees colonized by mistletoe seeds of Psittacanthus plagiophyllus as a function of host covariates: host size and presence of mistletoe infections on the same or on the nearest neighboring host (the cashew tree Anacardium occidentale). The technique also evaluated the effect of taking detectability into account for estimating host occupancy by mistletoe seeds. Individual host trees were surveyed for presence of mistletoe seeds with the aid of two or three observers to estimate detectability and occupancy. Detectability was, on average, 17% higher in focal-host trees with infected neighbors, while decreased about 23 to 50% from smallest to largest hosts. The presence of mistletoe plants in the sample tree had negligible effect on detectability. Failure to detect hosts as occupied decreased occupancy by 2.5% on average, with maximum of 10% for large and isolated hosts. The method presented in this study has potential for use with metapopulation studies of mistletoes, especially those focusing on the seed stage, but also as improvement of accuracy in occupancy models estimates often used for metapopulation dynamics of tree-dwelling plants in general
Correction: Modeling Occupancy of Hosts by Mistletoe Seeds after Accounting for Imperfect Detectability.
No full text[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127004.]
. 94 (2016) mayo-agosto. Historias. Revista de la Dirección de Estudios Históricos
No full text- Los Naufragios de Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca por Adolph F. Bandelier. - La enseñanza y el espíritu de la investigación por John Livingston Lowes. - Margaret Mead: todo es antropología por Winthrop Sargeant. - Los constituyentes de 1856 por Patricia Galeana. - Notas sobre la Constitución histórica y la Constitución política de 1857 por Ignacio Sosa. - La huella de los magonistas en el artículo 123 constitucional por Margarita Carbó. - Piezas registradas, piezas encontradas. Álbumes de la Revolución y del gobierno constitucionalista por Thalía Montes Recinas. - Constitución, legislación penal y justicia en el México posrevolucionario por Saydi Núñez Cetina. - El Caribe en Historia Mexicana por Dalia Guevara, María Eugenia del Valle Prieto Ortega y Gabriela Pulido Llano. - Seis cartas de Carlos Monsiváis a José Luis Martínez 1970-1972 por Rodrigo Martínez Baracs y María Guadalupe Ramírez Delira. - Configurar la fisonomía de la ciudad de México por Beatriz Lucía Cano Sánchez. - Para no caer en el olvido por Enrique Esqueda Blas. - La mujer colimense a mediados del XIX por María de los Ángeles Olay Barrientos. - Visualidades históricas por Rebeca Monroy Nasr
Multidialectal orthography and the writing of vowels in Mixe
No full textThis paper deals with the challenges of achieving a unified writing system for all Oaxaca Mixe languages, something that many community members deem necessary for defending the identity and culture of the Mixe people.
The Mixe orthography was created in the 80’s as the result of the collaboration between community members and linguists (cf. Valiñas, 1991). One explicit goal of that process was to create a single writing system for all the dialects. Nowadays, this system is a wide spread orthography as it is used almost officially in some communities, it appears in recent publications (Díaz, 2008; Zavala, 2013a, b; inter alia), and it is taught in some high schools and in two colleges throughout the Mixe territory. It is intended to be a deep orthography (Seifart, 2006; Katz & Frost, 1992; inter alia), with a high correspondence between phonemes and graphemes (Reyes, 2005). While it can be easily adapted to write the consonants for all dialects, it has several problems for writing vowels.
Due to the lack of phonological descriptions thirty years ago, the vowels systems of many Mixe languages were not taken into account. Furthermore, there was little understanding of the phonological processes that changed the vowel systems from six vowels in proto-Mixe (Wichmann, 1995) to a range of six to nine (or even ten) vowels in the present day Mixe languages (Author, forthcoming). Thus, it was difficult to realize that seemingly phonetically equivalent vowels are phonologically different across dialects and how differently sounding vowels are in fact phonologically equivalent between two given dialects. Thus, in many cases there is disagreement as to how some vowels should be represented. In addition, for some communities, using different conventions for writing vowels provides a distinctive identity (Suslak, 2003).
Based on a comparative study of the vowel system in twenty six Mixe dialects (Author, forthcoming), this paper shows how the problems for writing vowels could been solved once there was a better understanding of the phonological processes that changed the vowel systems in Mixe languages. However, this solution would involve a compromise between a deep and a shallow writing system. Finally, I will discuss how non-linguistic factors make very difficult to actually achieve the desire of having a unified orthography.
References
Author. Forthcoming. La evolución de los timbres vocálicos en lenguas mixes. Los efectos de la palatalización. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Díaz, J. G. 2008. Ii’pyxyukpët Ayuujk. México: CEA-UIIA
Katz, L. & R. Frost. 1992. The reading process is different for different orthograpies: The orthographic depth hypothesis. In Frost y Katz (eds.) Orthography, phonology, morphology, and meaning, pp. 67-84. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Reyes, J. C. 2005. Aportes al proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura de la lengua ayuuk. Oaxaca, México: CEA-UIIA.
Seifart, F. 2006. Orthography development. In Gippert, Himmelmann & Mosel (eds.), Essentials of Language Documentation, pp. 275-299. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Suslak, D. 2003. The story of ö: Orthography and cultural politics in the Mixe Highlands. Pragmatics 13 (4): 551-563.
Valiñas, L. 1991. Apuntes para una dialectología del mixe. Anales de Antroplogía 28: 437-456.
Wichmann, S. 1995. The relationship among the Mixe-Zoquean languages of Mexico. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
Zavala, L. (comp.). 2013a. Nëwempët matya’aky. Aguilar (trad.). México: Ediciones del Hermitaño.
Zavala, L. (comp.). 2013b. Nëwempït matyä’äky. Comix (trad.). México: Ediciones del Hermitaño
. 72 Año 25 (2018) enero-abril. Dimensión Antropológica
No full text- Altares y ritualidad agrícola en la Montaña de Guerrero, México por Samuel L. Villela F. - Conflictos sociales y relaciones culturales. Un mulato acusado de brujería en la jurisdicción de la Villa de Santiago de los Valles, siglo XVIII por Patricia Gallardo Arias. - Un siglo de recetarios jaliscienses de cocina: un acercamientoal análisis de la identidad regional por Roberto Aceves Ávila. - Urdimbres y tramas complejas por Enrique Hugo García Valencia. - La entrevista a familiares en la búsqueda e identificación de personas extraviadas o desaparecidas por Macuixóchitl Petra Soraya Mejía Jiménez y Albertina Ortega Palma. - Lorenzo Becerril, fotógrafo de los ferrocarriles mexicanos por Fernando Aguayo. - Rodrigo Martínez Baracs y Salvador Rueda Smithers (coords.) De la A a la Z. El conocimiento de las lenguas de México por Mercedes Montes de Oca Vega. - Rodrigo Martínez Baracs. El largo descubrimiento del Opera medicinalia de Francisco Bravon por Emma Rivas Mata
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