1,720,956 research outputs found
Non-binary language in consecutive interpreting from English into Italian: An experimental study on the viability of schwa endings
No full textItalian is a gender-marked binary language with masculine and feminine as the only possible grammatical genders. One strategy that was recently put forward to deconstruct the gender dichotomy and to allow for non-binary individuals to be linguistically acknowledged is to replace gendered endings (-a,-o,-e,-i) with a schwa (ə), both in writing and speech. While some authors and media outlets have started adopting this solution in written texts, questions may arise concerning its viability in the oral medium, particularly in constrained translation modes such as conference interpreting. If, on the one hand, the schwa could serve as a less time-consuming alternative to extended gender-neutral periphrases, on the other, such benefit may be outweighed by processing capacity overloads, since non-binary schwa declensions entail morphological changes that are non-standard in spoken Italian, and may thus prove too burdensome to control. In order to investigate this issue, an experimental study was conducted with 12 advanced trainee interpreters who were instructed to interpret consecutively a text from English into Italian using schwa endings when referring to humans. Although with a certain amount of non-fluencies, misuse of schwa endings and occasional relapse into binary language, participants were mostly able to implement effective non-binary language strategies.L’italien étant une langue marquée en genre de façon binaire, les seuls genres grammaticaux possibles sont le masculin et le féminin. Une stratégie récemment mise en avant pour déconstruire cette dichotomie de genre et permettre aux personnes non binaires d’être linguistiquement visibles consiste à remplacer les terminaisons genrées (-a, -o, -e, -i) par un schwa (ə), à l’écrit comme à l’oral. Alors que cette solution commence à être employée dans des textes écrits, on pourrait s’interroger sur sa viabilité à l’oral, notamment dans des modalités de traduction sujettes à de nombreuses contraintes comme l’interprétation de conférence. Si, d’une part, le schwa peut représenter une alternative aux périphrases non genrées, plus étendues et chronophages, d’autre part, un tel avantage risque d’être contrebalancé par une charge cognitive accrue, puisque les déclinaisons non binaires en schwa impliquent des changements morphologiques non standard en italien parlé, et peuvent donc s’avérer trop onéreuses à gérer. Afin d’explorer cette question, une étude expérimentale a été menée avec 12 étudiant·es interprètes avancé·es qui ont reçu pour instruction d’interpréter consécutivement un texte de l’anglais vers l’italien en utilisant des terminaisons en schwa pour désigner les individus. Bien qu’avec un certain nombre de disfluences, de mauvais usages de terminaisons en schwa et de rechutes occasionnelles dans le langage binaire, l’échantillon analysé a été pour la plupart capable de mettre en oeuvre des stratégies linguistiques non binaires efficaces.Como el italiano es una lengua marcada en género de manera binaria, los únicos géneros gramaticales posibles son el masculino y el femenino. Una estrategia propuesta recientemente para deconstruir la dicotomía de género y permitir el reconocimiento lingüístico de las personas no binarias es sustituir las terminaciones de género (-a, -o, -e, -i) por un schwa (ə), tanto al escribir como al hablar. Aunque esta solución está empezando a utilizarse en textos escritos, cabe preguntarse por su viabilidad en el medio oral, sobre todo en modalidades de traducción constreñida como la interpretación de conferencias. Si, por un lado, el schwa podría constituir una alternativa a amplias perífrasis de género neutro que requieren más tiempo, por otro lado, tal ventaja podría verse contrarrestada por una sobrecarga cognitiva, ya que las desinencias no binarias en schwa implican cambios morfológicos no estándar en italiano hablado que podrían resultar demasiado gravosos. Para investigar esta cuestión, se llevó a cabo un estudio experimental con 12 estudiantesintérpretes de nivel avanzado a quienes se les pidió que interpretaran consecutivamente un texto del inglés al italiano utilizando terminaciones en schwa para referirse a personas. Aunque con algunas disfluencias, usos incorrectos de terminaciones en schwa y recaídas ocasionales en el binarismo lingüístico, la muestra analizada pudo en gran parte poner en práctica estrategias eficaces de lenguaje no binario
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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