1,721,480 research outputs found
Commodity Content in a General Input-Output Model
No full textThis technical paper provides a definition of ‘commodity content’ in extended von Neumann–
Morishima models of production. Our definition admits as special cases the classical definition of
‘labour values’ in Leontief models, as well as Morishima’s definition of ‘optimal values’ in a von
Neumann model. Proper joint production, heterogeneous labour, durable consumption goods, household
activities and disposal processes are all allowed for. We also propose a tentative mathematical
criterion for defining bads and for distinguishing between unskilled and skilled labour
Developments in Assembly System Design: The Volvo Experience
No full textThis chapter focuses on experiences concerning the development of assembly systems within the Volvo Corporation. It provides research and development work within the Swedish automotive industry. The chapter considers a specific trajectory concerning assembly system design in the Swedish automobile industry, generalising the Volvo Kalmar and Volvo Uddevalla experiences. During 1988–1990, the managers at Volvo were planning the manufacturing of the new 800 model at the main Volvo Torslanda plant, as well as looking for a total redesign of the plant. The average product quality in the Uddevalla plant was high–in fact better than in Volvo\u27s line assembly plants–but the product quality varied considerably. Productivity and flexibility proved to be superior to traditional serialassembly systems. Two ways of decreasing the time losses are to introduce parallel flow assembly systems–that is assembly systems consisting of many, short, unpaced flows–or to introduce buffers between work-stations
COMMODITY CONTENT IN A GENERAL INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL: A REPLY TO BELLINO, YOSHIHARA AND VENEZIANI
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Patterns of Work Organization in the German Automobile Industry
No full textWhile following the current discussion about lean production and group work, it is easy to forget that in the German automobile industry, there has been a trend towards alternative concepts of work organization since the early 80’s. The basis of these early reorganization attempts, termed by Kern/Schumann in 1984 as the new concepts of production, was the assumption that the Taylorist principles of division of labor by task simplification and the separation of conception and execution were becoming obstacles to further increases in productivity [5]. In the face of marketing strategies, emphasizing diversified quality production [13], and due to the requirements of technically advanced production processes1, many firms gradually realized that more integrated organizational structures were an efficient alternative. The typical German element in this discussion of the 80’s was, that these attempts led to higher qualifications in the work-force, achieved by both additional training and the increasing employment of skilled workers (Facharbeiter) in the production departments. The goals of these new strategies were task integration and the transfer of responsibilities from specialized support departments into the production areas. A reorganization policy evolved which, in terms of work organization, ventured to expand and intensely utilize the qualification potential of the employees in the direct production areas; this signified a break with the organizational principles of Taylorism. An additional factor in this developmental phase in the German automobile industry was that, based on the goal of raising the status and qualification level of production work, a structure of compromise between management, the workers’ councils and the unions evolved and in some cases, led to commonly supported reorganization policies for production and organizational structures
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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