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PENINGKATAN HIDROFILISITAS MEMBRAN POLIETERSULFON (PES) YANG DIMODIFIKASI DENGAN POLIDOPAMIN (PDA) SEBAGAI MODIFYING AGENT PADA PENGHILANGAN SENYAWA ORGANIK DALAM AIR
Get PDFFouling membran merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya penurunan kinerja membran. Faktor utama yang mempengaruhi fouling membran adalah sifat permukaan membran dan sifat hidrofilistas membran. Peningkatan hidrofilisitas membran dapat meningkatkan ketahanan fouling. Strategi modifikasi yang sering digunakan adalah modifikasi dengan pecampuran (blending) yang dikembangkan dengan mencampurkan bahan polimer hidrofobik (polietersulfon) dengan bahan aditif hidrofilik (polidopamin) sehingga meningkatkan hidrofilisitas membran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh metode modifikasi blending terhadap karakteristik dan kinerja membran PES/PDA serta mempelajari pengaruh penambahan dopamine terhadap karakteristik dan kinerja membran PES/PDA. Modifikasi membran PES/PDA diperlukan untuk menghasilkan kinerja dan karakteristik membran yang baik. Pada penelitian ini, membran PES dimodifikasi dengan aditif polidopamin (PDA) secara blending dengan menggunakan dua metode blending, yaitu blending dengan metode 1 dan blending dengan metode 2 secara inversi fasa. Konsentrasi PDA yang divariasikan pada konsentrasi 1; 2; dan 3 % (% berat). Membran yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi dengan pengujian struktur morfologi membran menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), analisa gugus fungsi dengan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), uji mekanik dengan tensile Strenght, uji porositas membran serta dilakukan uji kinerja membran berupa uji fluks, rejeksi terhadap asam humus (HA), uji reversible fouling, irreversible fouling dan recovery rasio. Pengukuran fluks dan rejeksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan modul ultrafiltrasi cross flow. Hasil analisa FTIR diperoleh gugus NH dan OH yang menandakan komponen dari polidopamin dan gugus C=C. SEM menunjukkan struktur pori membran yang asimetrik. Porositas membran PES murni lebih kecil dari membran PES blending metode 1 dan metode 2 sebesar 2,7 %. Tensile strength membran semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi polidopamin, sedangkan nilai elongation semakin menurun. Rejeksi membran PES murni sebesar 88,66 % dengan fluks 27,79 L/m2.jam lebih besar dari nilai rejeksi membran PES dengan blending metode 1 sebesar 82,22 % dengan nilai fluks 40,66 L/m2.jam dan Membran PES blending dengan metode 2 menghasilkan nilai rejeksi 86,29 % dengan nilai fluks sebesar 56,55 L/m2.jam. Profil pemulihan air murni dengan membran PES/PDA menghasilkan nilai kinerja fluks yang baik dibandingkan dengan membran PES murni.Kata kunci: modifikasi blending, polietersulfon, polidopamin, asam humus, antifouling
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
PRARANCANGAN PABRIK BIOETANOL DARI AMPAS SAGU DENGAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI 100.000 TON/TAHUN
No full textPrarancangan pabrik Bioetanol ini menggunakan ampas sagu sebagaibahan baku. Kapasitas produksi pabrik Bioetanol ini adalah 100.000 Ton/Tahundengan hari kerja 330 hari/tahun. Bentuk perusahaan yang direncanakan adalahPerseroan Terbatas (PT) dengan menggunakan metode struktur garis dan staf.Kebutuhan tenaga kerja untuk menjalankan perusahaan ini berjumlah 160 orang.Lokasi pabrik direncanakan didirikan di Desa Tebing Tinggi, Kabupaten Meranti,Provinsi Riau dengan luas tanah 30.000 m2. Sumber air pabrik Bioetanol iniberasal dari Sungai Kampar, Kabupaten Palalawan, Provinsi Riau dan untukmemenuhi kebutuhan listrik diperoleh dari Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) danGenerator dengan daya 2.642 kW.Hasil analisa ekonomi yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut :a. Fixed Capital Investment = Rp. 730.796.563.787b. Working Capital Investment = Rp. 128.964.099.492c. Total Capital Investment = Rp. 1.719.521.326.559d. Total Biaya Produksi = Rp. 2.862.481.770.367e. Hasil Penjualan = Rp. 3.385.555.810.615f. Laba Bersih = Rp. 392.305.530.187g. Pay Out Time (POT) = 7 tahun 11 bulanh. Break even Point (BEP) = 46
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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