83,840 research outputs found
Dirofilaria spectans Freitas & Lent
No full textDirofilaria spectans Freitas & Lent Pteronura brasiliensis (Gmelin), heart, pulmonary artery, Mato Grosso do Sul (Freitas & Lent 1949; Vicente et al. 1997; Vieira et al. 2008 a) (CHIOC 13236 – paratype, 17704 a̅b – holotype and allotype, 17705 a–h – paratype).Published as part of Muniz-Pereira, Luís C., Vieira, Fabiano M. & Luque, José L., 2009, Checklist of helminth parasites of threatened vertebrate species from Brazil, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 2123 on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18817
Subulura interrogans Lent & Freitas
No full textSubulura interrogans Lent & Freitas Pteronura brasiliensis (Gmelin), large intestine, Amazonas (Vieira et al. 2008 a) (CHIOC 21203).Published as part of Muniz-Pereira, Luís C., Vieira, Fabiano M. & Luque, José L., 2009, Checklist of helminth parasites of threatened vertebrate species from Brazil, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 2123 on page 13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18817
Tanaisia magnicolica Freitas
No full textTanaisia magnicolica Freitas Psophia viridis obscura Pelzeln, kidney, unspecified locality (Travassos et al. 1969).Published as part of Muniz-Pereira, Luís C., Vieira, Fabiano M. & Luque, José L., 2009, Checklist of helminth parasites of threatened vertebrate species from Brazil, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 2123 on page 21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18817
Estrategias felinas: discurso poetico X midia na poesia brasileira contemporanea : Armando Freitas Filho e Sebastião Uchoa Leite
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e ExpressãoA presente dissertação analisa na produção textual de Armando Freitas Filho e Sebastião Uchoa Leite o conflito entre a mídia, como veiculadora de discursos homogeneizantes na sociedade, e o discurso poético como voz alternativa, marcada pela singularidade e pelo exercício crítico em relação às noções de sujeito, subjetividade, verdade, discurso. Para isso, foram estudadas principalmente obras escritas nos anos 1980
Exercise training protects human and rodent β cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis
No full textProlonged exercise has positive metabolic effects in obese or diabetic individuals. These effects are usually ascribed to improvements in insulin sensitivity. We evaluated whether exercise also generates circulating signals that protect human and rodent β cells against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. For this purpose, we obtained serum from humans or mice before and after an 8 wk training period. Exposure of human islets or mouse or rat β cells to human or rodent sera, respectively, obtained from trained individuals reduced cytokine (IL-1β+IFN-γ)- or chemical ER stressor-induced β-cell ER stress and apoptosis, at least in part via activation of the transcription factor STAT3. These findings indicate that exercise training improves human and rodent β-cell survival under diabetogenic conditions and support lifestyle interventions as a protective approach for both type 1 and 2 diabetes.-Paula, F. M. M. Leite, N. C. Borck, P. C. Freitas-Dias, R. Cnop, M. Chacon-Mikahil, M. P. T. Cavaglieri, C. R. Marchetti, P. Boschero, A. C. Zoppi, C. C. Eizirik, D. L. Exercise training protects human and rodent β cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Titanochrysa trespuntensis Sosa & Freitas
No full textTitanochrysa trespuntensis Sosa & Freitas nov. sp Holotype male, Minas Gerais. Tres Pontas [21 o 25 ’S / 45 o 30 ’W, 900 m], 10.i. 2009, Ferreira C. S Leg. Deposited in the Museum of Zoology, Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP) São Paulo, Brazil. Measurements. Head: width 1.1 mm. Pronotum: length 0.5 mm, width 0.8 mm. Forewing: length 10.1 mm, width 3.6 mm, length/width ratio = 2.8: 1. Four inner, six outer gradates. Hindwing: length 9.3 mm, width 2.8 mm, length/width ratio = 3.3: 1. Four inner, four outer gradates. Diagnosis. Adults yellowish green, with broad, dark red, longitudinal stripe laterally. Fore- and hindwings without shading on surrounding membrane, gradate veins in parallel series. S 8 + 9 with a protuberance on the apical margin. Microtholi present on S 2–8. Mandibles symmetrical. Description. Head. Vertex smooth, yellowish; occiput without marks (Fig. 13 A); scape pale green, with dark red, longitudinal line laterally not reaching antennal base; pedicel pale green with dorsal black spot laterally; flagellum pale, covered with back bristles, slightly shorter than forewing (Fig. 13 B); frons white; gena black; clypeus white, tinged with black laterally; maxillary, labial palpi black (Fig. 13 C). Mandibles both with prominent basal tooth (Fig. 17 D). FIGURE 14. Titanochrysa trespuntensis Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. Wings. A = anal veins; bsx = basal subcostal crossvein; c.a = costal area; cx = costal crossvein; ig = inner gradates; im = intramedian cell; og = outer gradates; m-cu 2 = second medialcubital crossvein; r-m 1 = first radial crossvein; Rs = radial sector. Thorax. Pale green, with yellow, longitudinal band dorsally; pronotum wider than long, with dark red, longitudinal stripe laterally. Meso- and metanota with red-wine line dorsolaterally (Fig. 13 A). Pleura, sternal areas, legs pale green. Wings (Fig. 14): forewing, hindwing densely covered with black microtrichia apically. Forewing with longitudinal veins dark green; crossveins dark at intersections with longitudinal veins, not infuscate; costal crossveins, radial crossveins, basal subcostal crossvein, inner gradates, outer gradates, m–cu2, 1A, 2 A black. Outer, inner gradates in parallel series, slightly convergent apically. First radial crossvein originating after origin of radial sector, extending approximately to apex of intramedian cell; intramedian cell ovate. Hindwing with longitudinal veins green, black intersections with crossveins; costal crossveins, inner and outer gradates black. Abdomen. Yellowish green dorsally, green laterally, with dark red spots laterally on each tergite. Male terminalia (Fig. 15 A): T 9 +ect elongate basally, tapering at basal margin, covered by stalked setae; dorsal apodeme simple, reaching callus cerci. Sternite S 8 + 9 with a protuberance on the apical margin (Fig. 15 B), numerous setae stemming from thickened bases, ventral apodeme elongate. Male genitalia: gonarcus truncated in dorsal view (Fig. 15 C), slender in lateral view; lateral apodemes shaped like inverted comma, anterior extremity with truncated apex (Fig. 15 D); arcessus short, broad, decurved, trifurcate apically, with field of short setae beneath, dorsal rods parallel, (Fig. 15 C, D); gonosaccus with sparse, thin, scattered gonosetae (Fig. 15 D). Gonapsis expanded anteriorly, with short, acute projection laterally, wide with round, expanded margin apically (Fig. 15 F). Hypandrium internum V-shaped (Fig. 15 G). Female terminalia: S 7 ca. 2.0 times longer than wide, densely covered with medium-sized setae; T 9 +ect with dorsal, ventral margins round; callus cerci round, with ca. 24 trichobothria (Fig. 16 A). Female genitalia: spermatheca (Fig. 16 B–D) pillbox-shaped, spermathecal duct elongate; velum curved laterally; ventral impression shallow. Subgenitale cordate, with elongate medial notch (Fig. 16 E–F). Measurements. Male (n= 2): Head: width 1.2 – 1.2 mm. Pronotum: length 0.5 – 0.5 mm, width 0.9 – 0.9 mm. Forewing: length 10.7–10.8 mm, width 3.7–3.8 mm, length/width ratio = 2.8–2.9: 1. Five inner, five to six outer gradates. Hindwing: length 9.6–9.7 mm, width 2.9 –3.0 mm, length/width ratio = 3.2–3.3: 1. Four inner, four to five outer gradates. Female (n= 2): Head: width 1.– 1.1 mm. Pronotum: length 0.5 – 0.5 mm, width 0.9 – 0.9 mm. Forewing: length 11.0– 11.3 mm, width 3.9 – 3.9 mm, length/width ratio = 2.8–2.9: 1. Five inner, five outer gradates. Hindwing: length 9.6 –10.3 mm, width 2.8–3.1 mm, length/width ratio = 3.3–3.4: 1. Four to five inner, four to five outer gradates. Material examined. Allotype Ƥ: Brazil. Minas Gerais. Tres Pontas [21 o 25 ’S / 45 o 30 ’W, 900 m], 15.xi. 2008, Ferreira C. S Leg (MZUSP); Paratypes: Brazil. Minas Gerais. Tres pontas [21 o 25 ’S / 45 o 30 ’W, 900 m], 13.ix.2008, 13, 1 Ƥ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 13.ix.2008, 13, 1 Ƥ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC), head clarified, without abdomen; Same, 20.ix.2008, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 4.x.2008, 83, 5 ƤƤ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 18.x.2008, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 25.x.2008, 23, 1 Ƥ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 10.i.2009, 43, 3 ƤƤ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 13.vi.2009, 1Ƥ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 11.iv.2009, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 25.iv.2009, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 8.viii.2009, 13, 1 Ƥ (UCOB); Same, 6.vii.2009, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (MIZA); Same, 13.ix.2008, 1Ƥ, Ferreira C. S Leg (MIZA). Etymology. The name refers to the type locality “Tres Pontas, Minas Gerais, Brazil ” Species relationships. Titanochrysa trespuntensis sp. nov. is the only species in the genus with an protuberance on the apical margin of S 8 + 9, wings without black markings on membrane, and wide gonapsis with acute lateral projection. On the male, there are setae beneath the arcessus as in Titanochrysa circumfusa (Burmeister) comb. nov., but T. trespuntensis males do not have X-shaped rods on the arcessus, or striations on the apical surface of the arcessus. Externally, T. trespuntensis resembles some Ungla species, but it can be distinguished from those species because its inner gradates meet the Psm vein and the males have a gonapsis. Geographical distribution. Brazil.Published as part of Sosa, Francisco & Freitas, Sergio De, 2012, A new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), pp. 1-14 in Zootaxa 3351 on pages 13-17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21066
Titanochrysa trespuntensis Sosa & Freitas 2012
No full textTitanochrysa trespuntensis Sosa & Freitas, 2012 Titanochrysa trespuntensis Sosa & Freitas, 2012: 13. Holotype, by original designation; “ Minas Gerais. Tres Pontas [21°25’S / 45°30’W, 900 m], 10.i.2009, Ferreira C. S Leg.”; depository designated in the original description: MZUSP; current temporary location: APTA Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. Larval description: Tauber et al. 2012: 2-11. Known distriBUtion: Argentina (Tucumán), Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul), Venezuela (Mérida).Published as part of Tauber, Catherine A., Sosa, Francisco & Contreras-Ramos, Atilano, 2018, Cryptochrysa Freitas & Penny, a generic homonym, replaced by Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), pp. 287-295 in Zootaxa 4375 (2) on page 294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/129826
Titanochrysa ferreirai Sosa & Freitas, sp. nov.
No full textTitanochrysa ferreirai Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. Holotype male: Brazil. Minas Gerais. Tres Pontas [21 o 25 ’S / 45 o 30 ’W, 900 m], 8.viii. 2009, Ferreira C. S Leg. Deposited in the Museum of Zoology, Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), São Paulo, Brazil. Measurements. Head: width 1.1 mm. Pronotum: length 0.5 mm, width 0.8 mm. Forewing: length 11.4 mm, width 4.1 mm, length/ width ratio = 2.8: 1. Five inner, six outer gradates. Hindwing: length 9.9 mm, width 3.3 mm, length/width ratio = 3: 1. Four inner, five outer gradates. Diagnosis. Adults olive green, with longitudinal dorsal yellowish green band. Protonum with dark red, longitudinal stripe laterally. Forewing inner gradates margined with round black spots, outer gradates veins lightly shaded. Microtholi present on S 2–8. Mandibles asymmetrical. Description. Head. Vertex striated transversally; occiput with red lateral spots (Fig. 9 A); scape and pedicel yellowish green with dark red longitudinal stripe laterally, extending onto antennal base (Fig. 9 B); flagellum pale, slightly shorter than forewing; frons creamy with dark red spots beneath scapes; clypeus white, marked with dark red laterally; gena dark red; maxillary and labial palpi black (Fig. 9 C); mandibles with prominent basal tooth on left mandible (Fig. 17 C). Thorax. Green, with yellowish green longitudinal band dorsally. Pronotum wider than long, green, with broad, longitudinal, dark red stripe laterally (Fig. 9 A); meso- and metanota pale green without markings; pleura, sternal areas, legs pale green. Wings (Fig. 10): forewing with longitudinal veins pale green; crossveins pale green, dark at intersections with longitudinal veins; costal crossveins with black extremities, radial crossveins with anterior extremity shaded black; inner and outer gradates black, arranged in parallel series; inner gradates margined by round, black spots, outer gradates lightly shaded. Hindwing with longitudinal veins, crossveins pale green, except terminal extremities of forked apical veins marked with dark spots. Abdomen. Green, with yellowish green band dorsally, posterior extremity of each segment, tinged with dark red dorsally. Male terminalia (Fig. 11 A): T 9 +ect elongate, basally tapering to acute terminus, covered anteriorly with scattered medium-sized setae; dorsal apodeme simple, straight reaching callus cerci ventrally; callus cerci ovate bearing 21–23 trichobothria; S 8 + 9 tapering; S 8 slightly longer than wide, densely covered with mediumsized setae and microtholi, dorsal margin dome-like; ventral apodeme of medium length. Male genitalia: Gonarcus truncated in dorsal view (Fig. 11 B); lateral apodemes narrow with inverted comma-shape, anterior extremity tapering to acute tip projected laterally (Fig. 11 B–E); arcessus short, with dorsal rods broad, decurved apically, dorsal surface lightly striated, flanked by lateral lobes (Fig. 11 D); gonosaccus simple, with few, thin, scattered gonosetae, densely covered by microsetae (Fig. 11 C, E). Gonapsis short, expanded anteriorly, spoon-shaped, with subapical teeth (Fig. 11 F). Hypandrium internum broadly U-shaped (Fig. 11 G). Female terminalia (Fig. 12 A): S 7 trapezoidal, ca. 2.5 times longer than wide; slightly tapering distally, densely covered with long, stalked setae, dorsal margin sinuous; T 9 +ect with dorsal margin straight, forming ca. 90 o angle at posterodorsal margin; posterior margin with ventral cleft beneath callus cerci; callus cerci ovate, with ca. 30 trichobothria (Fig. 12 A); spermatheca pillboxshaped, ventral impression deep, spermathecal duct elongate (Fig. 12 B–D). Subgenitale cordate, lobate dorsally (Fig. 12 E–F). Measurements. Male (n= 2): Head: width 1.1–1.2 mm. Pronotum: length 0.5 – 0.5 mm, width 0.8–0.9 mm. Forewing: length 11.4–11.8 mm, width 4.0– 4.2 mm, length/width ratio = 2.8–2.9. Four inner, five outer gradates. Hindwing: length 10.2–10.4 mm, width 3.0– 3.3 mm, length/width ratio = 3.2–3.4: 1. Three inner, four outer gradates. Females (n= 2): Head: width 1.2–1.3 mm. Pronotum: length 0.5–0.6 mm, width 0.9 – 0.9 mm. Forewing: length 12.6–13.8 mm, width 4.5 –5.0 mm, length/width ratio. Four to five inner, five to six outer gradates = 2.8 – 2.8. Hindwing: length 11.2–11.9 mm, width 3.7–3.9 mm, length/width ratio = 3.0– 3.1: 1. Three to four inner four to five outer gradates. FIGURE 10. Titanochrysa ferreirai Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. Wing venation. bsx = basal subcostal crossvein; c.a = costal area; cx = costal crossvein; ig = inner gradates; im = intramedian cell; og = outer gradates; r-m 1 = first radial crossvein; rx = radial crossvein; Rs = radial sector Material examined. Allotype: Brazil. Minas Gerais. Tres Pontas [21 o 25 ’S / 45 o 30 ’W, 900 m], 6.vi. 2009, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC). Paratypes: Brazil. Minas Gerais. Tres Pontas [21 o 25 ’S / 45 o 30 ’W, 900 m], 15.viii.2008, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 14.iii.2009, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 6.vi.2009, 1Ƥ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 13.vi.2009, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 20.vi.2009, 33, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 4.vii.2009, 13, 2 ƤƤ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 11.vii.2009, 43, 4 Ƥ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 25.vii.2009, 13, 2 ƤƤ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 8.viii.2009, 13, 2 ƤƤ, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 5.ix.2009, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (SFCC); Same, 6.vi.2009, 23, Ferreira C. S Leg (UCOB); Same, 8.viii.2009, 13, Ferreira C. S Leg (MIZA). Remarks. In some specimens, the left and right wings show different venation, and sometimes two inner gradate veins are surrounded by a single spot. Etymology. The species is named in honor of the agricultural engineer Cleidson Soares Ferreira who collected many chrysopids from the southern part of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Species relationships. See T. pseudovaricosa comb. nov. Externally, Titanochrysa ferreirai sp. nov. resembles Ungla laufferi (Navás, 1922) based on descriptions provided by Freitas et al. (2009) and Tauber & Flint (2010). Both species have the frons tinged with red laterally; genae, lateral clypeus, maxillary and labial palpi black, and spermatheca pillbox-shaped. However, Titanochrysa ferreirai sp. nov. differs from U. laufferi in that it has a wide costal area, shading on the membrane around the inner gradates, and a cordate subgenitale with elongate distal section. Geographical distribution. Brazil.Published as part of Sosa, Francisco & Freitas, Sergio De, 2012, A new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), pp. 1-14 in Zootaxa 3351 on pages 10-13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21066
Ceraeochrysa pittieri Sosa and Freitas 2010, sp. nov.
No full textCeraeochrysa pittieri Sosa and Freitas, sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 5, 6, 19–26). Description. Holotype. Male. Measurements. Head: width 1.3 mm; Pronotum: length 0.6 mm, width 0.9 mm. Forewing: length 12.0 mm, width 4.3 mm, length/width ratio = 2.8. Hindwing: length 10.7 mm, width 3.4 mm, length/width ratio = 3.2. Head: Front, clypeus, gena and labrum pale green; maxillary and labial palpi yellow; vertex greenish yellow; scape and pedicel with two stripes, one lateral and the other dorsal, both of which reach the base of the scape (Fig. 4), flagellum pale, covered with black bristles. Thorax: Pronotum greenish yellow, with a discontinuous red lateral stripe on each side (Fig. 5); cervical sclerite pigmented; meso- and metanota green; pleura pale green; legs pale green with yellow tarsi. Wing venation mostly green, gradate series with dark edges. Forewing: longitudinal veins green; Crossveins: costal crossveins 6–12, Rs + Ma, radial crossveins 1–8, crossvein m 1 –m 2, Psm –Psc 1–6, and series of gradates black; 4 inner gradates, 4th very close to the external one; 6 outer gradates, first 4 shaded. Hindwing with longitudinal veins and crossveins green; 3 inner and 5 outer gradates (Fig. 6). Abdomen: Green. Apodeme of tergite 9 + ectoproct with ventral projection into the bottom half of the margin (Fig. 19–20); apical membrane with microcristae. Male genitalia: Gonarcus curved, angled; lateral arms wide, rounded at base, narrow and sharp at apex; vestigial gonocornua located at the lateral sides of the gonarcus; arcessus dorsally striated, ending in a sharp point without lateral lobes; gonosaccus with long and scarce lateral gonosetae; vestigial gonocristae (Figs. 21–25). Elongated gonapsis, flattened, lightly bifurcated at the apex, covered with microcristae (Fig. 26). Etymology. The name refers to the type locality “Parque Nacional Henri Pittier/ Rancho Grande” which carries the name of the illustrious Swiss naturalist Henri François Pittier. Discussion. Ceraeochrysa pittieri sp. nov., is related to the “ cincta ” group of species, which are characterized by having a ventral prolongation of tergite 9 + ectoproct. Ceraeochrysa pittieri sp. nov., is similar to C. cincta (Schneider) and C. arioles (Banks). The three species have two red stripes on the scape, and pale flagellum. However, Ceraeochrysa pittieri sp. nov., presents the lateral stripe of the pronotum as discontinuous, differing from C. cincta in which it is continuous. C. arioles, on the other hand, may be differentiated because the dorsal stripe of the scape is projected beyond the outer margin of the antennal cavity. At the level of the genitalia, the three species present notable differences. In Ceraeochrysa pitieri sp. nov., the apex of the arcessus is not laterally lobulated, in C. cincta the arcessus is square-shaped, and in C. arioles the apex of the sternite 8 + 9 is dorsally curved. Material examinated. Holotype, male: VENEZUELA. Aragua: Maracay, Parque Nacional Henri Pittier / Rancho Grande (10° 20' N – 67° 41' W, 1100 m), 20 II 2008, F. Sosa, F. Díaz & R. Zúñiga (UCOB). Geographical distribution. VENEZUELA.Published as part of Sosa, Francisco & Freitas, Sergio De, 2010, New Neotropical species of Ceraeochrysa Adams (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), pp. 57-65 in Zootaxa 2562 (1) on page 61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2562.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/534519
Moneuptychia montana Freitas, new species
No full textMoneuptychia montana Freitas, new species (Figs. 1, 2 D, 3 A,B, 4, 5) Adult: Diagnosis. Moneuptychia montana n. sp. is distinguished from other Moneuptychia species by the distinctive ventral hind wing pattern, presenting a conspicuous post-discal white band in both sexes (absent in all other species of Moneuptychia) (Fig. 1, 2 D). Descriptions of adults: Male (Figs. 1, 2 D). Forewing length 16–18 mm (n = 10); hind wing length 13–14 mm (n = 10). Eyes naked, entirely brown. Palpus length 2.0 times head height, beige, with long dark brown and white hairs. Antenna of males 8 mm in length, with 32 antennomeres extending to mid-costa; shaft rust brown, dorsally covered by dark brown scales, club with 9 antennomeres, not conspicuously developed. Male foreleg covered by long beige hairs. Wings with dorsal ground color brown with few markings, restricted to marginal and submarginal lines in both wings; forewing with one small black ocellus in M 1 –M 2; hind wing with two large black ocelli in M 1 – M 2 and CuA 1 -CuA 2, first completely black, second black outlined by an orange ring and with double white pupil. Forewing of males with a conspicuous callus on SC vein, close to distal end of swollen portion of vein (Figs. 3 A– B). Ventral wings mostly brown; forewing crossed by one dark brown regular line extending from costa to CuA 2 at two-thirds from wing base to apex, delimiting a lighter distal area; a dark brown slightly scalloped submarginal line and a brown regular marginal line extending from costa to 2 A; one to three small black ocelli outlined by an orange ring with white pupil in R 5 -M 1 (ocellus 1), M 1 –M 2 (2) and M 3 –CuA 1 (3). Hind wing crossed by two dark brown irregular lines from costa to anal margin, first thin and one-third distance from wing base, second broader and twothirds distance from base and bordered distally by a broad whitish stripe; a dark brown zigzag submarginal line and a brown marginal line extending from costa to 2 A; a series of six black ocelli outlined by an orange ring with white pupil can be found in Rs–M 1 (ocellus 1), M 1 –M 2 (2), M 2 –M 3 (3), M 3 –CuA 1 (4), CuA 1 –CuA 2 (5) and CuA 2 – 2 A (6); ocelli 1, 3, 4 and 6 usually small and reduced to few white scales circled by few black scales; ocelli 2 and 5 larger than others, with double white pupil. Hind wing outer margin slightly wavy. No conspicuous androconial scales or patches observed. Male genitalia (Fig. 4). Saccus short and slender in ventral view; tegumen rounded; gnathos absent; appendix angularis extremely conspicuous, projecting posteriorly as a long process; uncus elongated, with a subtle median enlargement in dorsal view (Figs. 4 B–C); valva elongated, narrowing towards end, with internal margin projecting internally in a structure with a series of small teeth (Figs. 4 B–C); aedeagus slightly curved upwards; cornuti absent; juxta membranous. Female (Fig. 1). Forewing length 18–19 mm (n = 5); hind wing length 14–16 mm (n = 5). Body entirely dark brown. General color and pattern very similar to that of males, with wings more rounded. Remarks on color variation. Variation on the dorsal wing surface is small, limited to the number of dorsal ocelli (one or two). The ventral surface of both wings shows some variation in intensity of the whitish pigmentation, and size of the small ocelli (as described above in both sexes). Early stages. Egg. Spherical, light cream, without conspicuous markings. The two expressed eggs hatched before being brought to laboratory to be photographed and measured. First instar (Fig. 5 A). Head capsule width 0.56–0.58 mm; scoli 0.06 mm (n = 2). Head capsule black, with enlarged chalazae, bearing a pair of short scoli on vertex, each with two long narrow setae ending in a fine point. Third stemmata larger than other stemmata. Body green, smooth, with red longitudinal stripes; caudal filaments very short. Legs, prolegs and caudal filaments light green. Setae dark elongated. Maximum length 4.2 mm. Duration 9 to 11 days (n = 2). Second instar (Fig. 5 B). Head capsule width 0.8 mm; scoli 0.10–0.12 mm (n = 2). Head dark brown with two diverging short scoli on vertex. Body green, striped longitudinally with white and reddish; caudal filaments short. Maximum length 6 mm. Duration 16 days (n = 1). Third instar (Fig. 5 C). Head capsule width 1.16 mm; scoli 0.24 mm (n = 1). Head brown, with two diverging very short scoli on vertex. Body brown with several longitudinal zigzag stripes; caudal filaments short. Maximum length 10 mm. Duration 14 days (n= 1). Fourth instar (Fig. 5 D). Head capsule width 1.54 mm; scoli 0.32 mm (n = 1). Head brown, with two diverging very short scoli on vertex. Body brown with several longitudinal zigzag stripes as in previous instar; caudal filaments short. Maximum length 15 mm. Duration 14 days (n= 1). Fifth (last) instar (Figs. 5 E–F). Head capsule width 2.26 mm; scoli 0.52 mm (n = 1). Head brown, with two diverging short scoli on vertex. Body brown with several zigzag longitudinal stripes; middorsal stripe conspicuously dark; ventral region dark brown; legs and prolegs light brown; caudal filaments short. Maximum length 22 mm. Duration 19 days (n = 1). Pupa (Figs. 5 G–I). Short and smooth; mostly dark brown, with short squared ocular caps; cremaster dark in ventral portion; dorsal abdomen with a paired series of short subdorsal white protuberances bordered with white. Total length 10.3 mm. Duration 12 days. Habitat, Behavior and Natural History. Moneuptychia montana n. sp. occurs in open, natural grass fields, usually near forest edges (Figs. 1 A–B), being rare or absent in disturbed places. Oviposition behavior was not observed in nature, and the host plant in the field is unknown. In the laboratory, larvae easily accepted Bambusa gracilis Hort. ex Rivière & C. Rivière (Poaceae), a common ornamental Chinese bamboo. Adults were observed only in open habitats and grasslands, flying among grass patches and perching usually on the ground. Males are apparently territorial, and were observed interacting with other males on sunny occasions, when it was possible to hear a clicking noise while two or more males flew together. Adults of both sexes were observed feeding on flowers of Galianthe brasiliensis (Spreng.) E. L. Cabral & Bacigalupo (Rubiaceae). No courtship behavior was observed. Distribution. The species is only known from the Serra da Mantiqueira, and has been recorded in a narrow region extending from Campos do Jordão (São Paulo) to Itatiaia (Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro), at altitudes from 1550 to 2300 m. Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin (montana = of a mountain), and refers to the habitat of this species, which is known from the high mountains of the Mantiqueira mountain range. Types. Holotype male. Deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (ZUEC), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. With the following labels separated by transverse bars: / Holotypus / Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Itamonte, Minas Gerais: Brazil, 06.II. 2014, 2100 m, 22 ° 21 ’ 25 ”S 45 ° 44 ’ 9 ”W, E. P. Barbosa & A. Tacioli leg. / Holotypus Moneuptychia montana Freitas det. 2014 / DNA voucher—YPH-0436 / ZUEC LEP 8897 / Allotype female. Deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (ZUEC), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. With the following labels separated by transverse bars: / Allotypus / Estrada para Ferradura, Alto do Capivari, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo: Brazil 17–20.I.2014, 1790 m, 22 º 44 ’ 15 ”S 45 º 31 ’ 46 ”W, B- 879 -CJACP—AVL Freitas leg. / Allotypus Moneuptychia montana Freitas det. 2014 / DNA voucher YPH-0402 / ZUEC LEP 8898 / Paratypes (all from Brazil). DZUP — Rio de Janeiro: Brejo da Lapa, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Itatiaia, 2150 m, 22 º 21 ’ 22 ”S, 44 º 44 ’07”W, 4 males, 06– 10 -III- 2011, O.C.-Mielke & Dolibaina leg., DZ 26.515, DZ 26.516, DZ 26.517, DZ 26.518. Itatiaia, 2300 m, 1 male, 16 -II- 1979, O.C.-Mielke leg., DZ 26.519. Minas Gerais: 15 Km SE Delfim Moreira, 1500–1700 m, 3 males, 22-23 -I- 2004, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 26.520, DZ 26.521, DZ 26.522. MZSP — São Paulo: Campos do Jordão, São Paulo, 1 female, no date, B. Pohl collection, MZSP 24.397. MZUJ — Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, Serra da Mantiqueira, 1600–1650 m, 3 males, 06-II- 2014, T. Pyrcz leg. São Paulo: Campos do Jordão, Serra da Mantiqueira, 1850–1900 m, 2 males, 04-II- 2014, T. Pyrcz leg. USNM — Minas Gerais: 15 km SE Itamonte, 2100 m, 22 º 21 ’ 8 ”S, 44 º 47 ’05”W, 3 males 21 -IX-1994, 3 males 23 -II- 1995, Caldas & students leg. ZUEC — São Paulo: Estrada para Ferradura, Alto do Capivari, Campos do Jordão, 1790 m, 22 º 44 ’ 15 ”S 45 º 31 ’ 46 ”W, B- 879 - CJACP, 4 males (DNA vouchers YPH-0387, YPH-0388, YPH-0401, YPH-0403), 2 females (DNA vouchers YPH-0389, YPH-0404), 17-20 -I- 2014, AVL Freitas leg., ZUEC LEP 8899, ZUEC LEP 8900, ZUEC LEP 8901, ZUEC LEP 8902, ZUEC LEP 8905, ZUEC LEP 8906. Alto do Capivari, Campos do Jordão, 1750 m, 22 º 44 ’ 28 ”S 45 º 32 ’ 58 ”W, B- 879 - CJACP, 2 males (DNA vouchers YPH 0 385, YPH 0386), 17-20 - I- 2014, AVL Freitas leg., ZUEC LEP 8903, ZUEC LEP 8904. Additional material. ZUEC-AVLF — São Paulo: Pico do Itapeva, Pindamonhangaba, 11 -I-1990, 1 male (genitalia prepared); 09-III-2000, 1 male, 2 females; 10 - I-2006, 1 male; AVLF leg.Published as part of Freitas, André V. L., Barbosa, Eduardo P., Siewert, Ricardo R., Mielke, Af. H. H., Zacca, Thamara & Azeredo-Espin, Ana Maria L., 2015, Four new species of Moneuptychia (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) from Brazil, pp. 521-541 in Zootaxa 3981 (4) on pages 524-529, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3981.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/23800
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