1,721,153 research outputs found
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No full textSono passiti molti anni da quando, nel 1971, venne pubblicato il volume “The pig as a laboratory animal” [1]. Il testo conteneva molte informazioni utili per i medici veterinari che ben conoscevano il suino relativamente agli aspetti sanitari e produttivi ma non avevano altrettanta familiarità con le condizioni di laboratorio.
Nella recensione del libro sul Canadian Veterinary Journal uno degli aspetti che vengono sottolineati è che gli autori, “contrariamente a quanto fanno molti innamorati delle virtù del suino nella ricerca biomedica, segnalano come molte delle similitudini acclarate tra uomo e maiale siano più apparenti che reali”. Questa frase chiarisce ampiamente come sia stato lento il percorso che ha portato la ricerca biomedica a considerare la specie suina come un modello di elezione per moltissimi ambiti, come dimostrato dal continuo incremento di pubblicazioni scientifiche in riviste internazionali, dalla pubblicazione di molti altri manuali e dall’organizzazione di congressi dedicati sempre più frequenti (es. Swine in Biomedical Research 1995, 2005, 2008, 2011 e 2014). Nel capitolo si affrontano i principali elementi da prendere in considerazione quando si decide di utilizzare il suino come animale sperimentale
Determinazione immunoistochimica e western blot della caderina “E” nei tumori mammari della cagna
No full textTwenty-nine canine mammary samples (5 normal mammary glands, 3 atypical ductal hyperplasia, 8 benign and 13 malignant tumors) were tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western Blot (WB) for E-cadherin. Both methods revealed a reduction of protein expression as the most important finding. A significant reduction of expression was revealed in dysplastic as well in benign and malignant neoplastic samples. The two methods revealed a significant correlation and absence of IHC false negative evaluation when the data of WB were corrected for the amounts of epithelial cells of the sample
Non-clinical Models to Determine Drug Passage into Human Breast Milk
Full text linkSuccessful practice of clinical perinatal pharmacology requires a thorough understanding of the pronounced physiological changes during lactation and how these changes affect various drug disposition processes. In addition, pharmacokinetic processes unique to lactation have remained understudied. Hence, determination of drug disposition mechanisms in lactating women and their babies remains a domain with important knowledge gaps. Indeed, lack of data regarding infant risk during breastfeeding far too often results in discontinuation of breastfeeding and subsequent loss of all the associated benefits to the breastfed infant. In the absence of age-specific toxicity data, human lactation data alone are considered insufficient to rapidly generate the required evidence regarding risks associated with medication use during lactation
Phenotypic parameters, gene expression and calprotectin level in high salt‑fed stroke‑prone spontaneously hypertensive rats
No full textThis dataset contains data for a study in which a high-salt/low-potassium stroke permissive diet (Japanese Diet; JD) was fed to Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke Prone Rats (SHRSPs) and to Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke Resistant Rats (SHRSRs). A Regular Diet (RD) was used as control diet. Specifically, for SHRSP and SHRSR rats fed with JD or RD are reported: (1) phenotypic parameters data (body weight, proteinuria and blood pressure), (2) perivascular and glomerular fibrosis (% area) data, (3) ZO-1, Ocln, Actb, GAPDH and Pgk1 gene expression data in the small intestine, (4) data about serum calprotectin levels.
We examined the inflammatory status of the animals by measuring serum calprotectin levels, and the gut barrier integrity by assessing gene expression of the tight-junction proteins zonulin (ZO-1) and occludin (Ocln) after 4 weeks of diet (short-term; ST) or until stroke occurrence for a maximum of 10 weeks (long-term; LT). Phenotypic parameters as body weight (BW), proteinuria, blood pressure (BP) and perivascular-glomerular fibrosis (% area) were measured. The BW of the two different strains fed RD increase with a similar trend, while the BW growth of SHRSP fed JD is significantly lower than SHRSR from the 5th week of diet. After 4 weeks, proteinuria level was significantly increased in SHRSPs JD-ST compared to RD-fed SHRSPs, and continued to increase throughout JD administration. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was not different among the four groups after 4 week of diet but increased significantly over time in both SHRSRs JD-LT and SHRSPs JD-LT (see file SHRSP_JapaneseDiet_PhenotypicParameters_23082024.csv). Perivascular and glomerular fibrosis significantly increased in SHRSPs, but not SHRSRs, fed JD for 4 weeks compared with the corresponding controls fed RD (see file SHRSP_JapaneseDiet_Fibrosis_23082024.csv).
Although SHRSPs carry a vasculitis-like cerebrovascular damage, no strain/diet-related significant differences in serum calprotectin levels were detected among experimental groups (see file SHRSP_JapaneseDiet_SerumCalprotectin_23082024.csv). For the gene expression of the tight-junction proteins all samples were analyzed in duplicate. RT-qPCR assays were carried out for the target genes ZO-1 and Ocln and three different reference genes, Actb (Actin beta), GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and Pgk1 (Phosphoglycerate kinase 1). The duplicates were averaged, then ZO-1 and Ocln mRNA data were normalized based on the geometric mean of the Ct of the three reference genes (ΔCt = Ctmean ref. genes – Ctinterest gene). For each strain, the relative gene expression of the studied genes in JD-fed animals was calculated as fold change using the 2−ΔΔCt method in relation to the RD T0 time point (ΔΔCt = ΔCtT0 JD or T1 JD–ΔCtT0 RD). Undetectable RT-qPCR Cts were assigned a value of 40 to avoid overestimation of means.
In our study, ZO-1 expression did not change between the two rat strains on the two diets. In contrast, Ocln expression was significantly lower in SHRSPs compared to SHRSRs upon RD and increased in a time-dependent manner only in JD-fed SHRSPs, suggesting a strain-dependent interaction with the diet (see file SHRSP_JapaneseDiet_GeneExpression_23082024.csv)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Expression of HSP70/HSC70 in swine blastocysts: Effects of oxidative and thermal stress.
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