1,720,971 research outputs found
L’«immenso esperimento» Dalle trincee alla post-verità: Marc Bloch e la nascita delle fake news
Full text linkThe reliability of historical sources and the continuous rewriting of memory is one of the central themes in Marc Bloch's reflection. His experience as a soldier in the First World War allowed him to take note of all its urgency: first of all by making him notice the fragility of individual memory even in the development of his own testimony; second for having let him discover that this extraordinary event had produced a new type of "false news", with extraordinary circulation, survival and impact on the masses. This discovery led him to talk about the war as an "immense experiment". Now that the results of that "experiment" seem to us extraordinarily current, it is appropriate to verify how much of our contemporaneity has been previewed in the exceptional nature of that portion of our pas
Il pendolo bloccato
Full text linkThe current overlap between the values both of the financial world and the political world has strengthened so much that it is common practice to assess the quality (effective or expected) of a government with the exclusive stock market benchmark. Obviously, even the respective languages have tightly intertwined, one need only think of, for example, how the expression “credit spread” has entered the basic lexicon of the communication of parties and governments. The growing weight of public debt in contemporary economies has certainly represented an objective foundation of this trend, but adopting historical parameter, we realize that this single aspect is a necessary but not sufficient condition to explain the causes and, above all, that it is not an unprecedented phenomenon. Simultaneously to the succession of periods dominated by a real financial emphasis and periods marked by a greater attention to the data of the real economy, we have witnessed the most usual succession of waves of mass political mobilization and related reflux motion towards ideals of exclusively individual happiness. This last trend has been the object of studies, particularly Albert Otto Hirschman tried to verify if we could recognize a real cycle, comparable to the best known characteristic of the economic theory. Is there a correlation between Hirschman's "private happiness" / "public happiness" cycle and the succession of the primacy between finance and the real economy? The present work intends to offer a starting point in pursuance of an answer to this question.L'attuale sovrapposizione fra valori del mondo finanziario e del mondo politico è consolidata al punto che è prassi valutare la qualità (effettiva o attesa) di un governo con l'esclusivo metro dell'andamento borsistico. Va da sé che anche i rispettivi linguaggi si siano saldamente intrecciati, basti pensare, per esempio, a come l'espressione credit spread sia entrata nel lessico di base della comunicazione di partiti e governi. Il peso crescente del debito pubblico nelle economie contemporanee ha sicuramente rappresentato un fondamento oggettivo di questa tendenza, ma adottando un metro storico ci accorgiamo che questo singolo aspetto costituisce una condizione necessaria ma non sufficiente per spiegarne le cause e, soprattutto, che non si tratta di un fenomeno inedito. Parallelamente al succedersi di periodi dominati da una vera e propria enfasi finanziaria e periodi segnati da una maggiore attenzione ai dati dell'economia reale, abbiamo assistito al più consueto succedersi di ondate di mobilitazione politica di massa e relativo moto di riflusso verso ideali di felicità esclusivamente individuali. Quest'ultimo andamento è stato oggetto di una serie di studi, in particolare Albert Otto Hirschman ha cercato di verificare se si potesse ravvisare in esso un vero e proprio ciclo, analogo a quelli più noti caratteristici della teoria economica. Esiste una correlazione fra il ciclo “felicità privata”/“felicità pubblica” di Hirschman e l'alternanza del primato fra finanza ed economia reale? Il presente lavoro intende offrire un primo spunto nella ricerca di una risposta a questa domanda
Risultati di un triennio di prove per verificare la suscettibilità di alcune selezioni di pero al fitoplasma della moria.
No full textSeveral pear cultivars mainly grafted on OHxF 40 were inoculated with pear decline infected materials to verify their susceptibility to the disease. Cultivars /selections employed were: 80-57-83 (Bohème) 80-104-72 (Aida), Turandot, Tosca, Norma, Harrow Sweet, and Carmen. The pathogen inoculation was performed with symptomatic and/or PCR positive pear tissues at the end of the summer. Control to verify symptom and phytoplasma presence were performed at the end of the summer of the year after inoculation. Nested PCR tests allow the identification of pear decline phytoplasmas in both symptomatic and asymptomatic inoculated plants.
Harrow Sweet was the cultivar most susceptible to pear decline phytoplasmas since it was PCR positive in both the experiments where it was present, and moreover at least one plant per experiment was also symptomatic. Selection Norma grafted on BA29 was the only one asymptomatic and negative to molecular tests, however the same selection when grafted on OHxF 40 severl plants resulted PCR positive and symptomatic. Selection Tosca grafted on the latter rootstock was always negative to molecular analyses and selection Aida, although positive to molecular tests did not show symptoms
Conversion of waste cooking oil into biogas: perspectives and limits
No full textEach year, large quantities of waste cooking oils are produced worldwide which are currently reused mainly for biodiesel production. Since lipids have a very high potential for biomethanation, the production of biogas is a possible alternative for the recycling of edible used oils. The digestion of fats is hindered mainly by their hydrophobicity, which implies a biphasic system with problems of floating and foaming of the oily materials, and by the accumulation of long-chain fatty acids, which are toxic to microbial consortia. The objectives of this review were to highlight the recycling potential of waste cooking oil to biogas production and to facilitate the application of the technology by identifying solutions to overcome biological and engineering limits to its diffusion. Particular attention was paid to the microbial populations involved, to the process factors whose control is important to improve the digestion of fats such as lipid concentration, pH, temperature, and agitation, and to technological solutions whose application also aims to improve digestion, such as pretreatment of raw materials and co-digestion of fats with other feedstocks. The state of the art in reactor designs suitable for lipid digestion was also examined
Comportamento di varietà ed ibridi di peperone dolce (Capsicum annuun L.) verso infezioni virali miste ed attacchi di oidio
No full textCities and decarbonisation: an assessment model for the technological reconfiguration of proximity open spaces.
No full textIt is well known that a large percentage of total climate-changing gas emissions comes from the energy sector and that, therefore, promoting energy from RES is an important tool to mitigate the effects of climate change, not only to reduce the use of fossil fuels and waste in transport and building management, but also to incentivise on-site production and more responsible use of energy.
Within the framework of the most recent European initiatives (REPowerEU, Directive 2023/1791), the establishment of Renewable Energy Communities has also become a national priority (implementing Decree of the Ministry of the Environment and Energy Security - MASE - on REC, 2023) to foster decentralised energy production, especially in urban areas.
However, alongside the decarbonisation processes underway, strategies related to the energy transition necessarily interrelate with other dimensions of the resilience of the built environment that contribute to enhancing its adaptive capacities, such as those related to the ecosystem services that can be provided.
In the need to decarbonise, and in the ever more incisive search for a proximity dimension, cities, increasingly populated, store their wealth in the proximity open spaces. Meeting places and important opportunities for transition, intended to support proximity by accommodating new functions, supporting sustainable mobility and energy transition, enhancing ecosystem services and encouraging sociability among citizens sharing the space.
With reference to some case studies in Rome, the research investigates the contribution of proximity open spaces to mitigation of and adaptation to the effects of climate change.
The methodology is based on the elaboration of scenarios related to three potential areas for the decarbonisation of cities (Energy, Ecosystem Services, Mobility), and aims to provide interconnection hypotheses between them in order to identify possible synergies or conflicts in the use of proximity open spaces, supporting their reconfiguration in support of possible evolutionary scenarios of city regeneration through conscious decisions.
The application of the method on different Roman urban fabrics, representative of urban morphologies and building typologies of the consolidated city, makes it possible to compare their prevailing attitudes with respect to the areas investigated, and to identify the 'vocation', more or less strong, of their open proximity spaces, to accommodate the new functions supporting decarbonisation. In a scenario in which environmental, social, economic and health risks coexist, the tool is proposed as a decision support for planners and administrators in the area, to prefigure and measure the decarbonisation capacity of possible project configurations and support their effectiveness with data
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