1,720,974 research outputs found
REGIONAL POLICY IN AN INTEGRATED EUROPE. INSIGHTS FROM THE LITERATURE
No full textThis paper discusses the theoretical justifi cations in favour of and the empirical
evidence available on the EU regional policy, taking the eastward enlargement as
standpoint. On a theoretical ground, we note a recent weakening of the arguments
spelled out in favour of a convergence hypothesis, which is, in fact, the expected outcome
of traditional neo-classical models only under very restrictive assumptions, such as the
homogeneity of technological endowment, the presence of a market for externalities and
the absence of constraints to labour mobility. All these factors are missing in the current
and will be even weaker in an enlarged union. Following a convergence path in the debate
about divergence, similar to old post-keynesian theories, the New Growth and New
Economic Geography theories predict national convergence, but regional divergence as
the most likely outcome of a process of economic integration. The empirical literature on
the EU integration process seems to be unable to provide more than very bland evidence
in favour of regional convergence, either driven by market forces or by regional funds.
These last seem to act only as temporary transfer mechanisms, as already foreseen in
the seminal contribution by Mundell (1961).
We conclude that in order for the regional policy to be effective, more funds are
necessary to sustain the objective of a quickly enlarged union, which seems to be driven
more by policy than by economic considerations. Moreover, an effective regional policy
should be fi ne tuned to the needs of depressed regions by increasing their human capital
endowment and technological potential. Without a strong fi nancial effort from the richer
regions carefully addressed to the needs of old and new depressed regions of the EU, the
risk to trade off economic for policy integration seems to be diffi cult to avoid in the long
run.
Finally, the enlargement has called for a complete rethinking of the EU regional
policy. A larger union involves not only further constraints to the funds available to
regions in the old and new member states, but also, and perhaps more importantly, to the
effi cient functioning of EU institutions. Their reform implies redefi ning not only the role of
supranational governing institutions, but also governance rules of the EU regional policy.
The devolution of some aspects of this policy to the national and regional level seems not
only appropriate, but also necessary, if not unavoidable
A Tale of Parallel Integration Processes: A Gravity Analysis of EU Trade with Mediterranean and Central and Eastern European Countries
No full textDespite the EU emphasis on the 1995 Barcelona process, trade integration with the Mediterranean (MED) countries is still underdeveloped. To contrast the success of EU integration with MED countries and that with the new EU members, we compute the trade potential of these EU partners from 1995 to 2002 using an "out-of-sample" methodology. The coefficients are taken from different panel estimators of the gravity equation relative to intra-EU trade. Our analysis suggests the existence of sizeable, unexploited trade potential with both groups of partners, although the ratio of potential to actual trade with the MED countries is much larger (from 1.7 to 2.5 times), more dispersed and stable compared to that with the CEECs
FDI potential and shortfalls in South Mediterranean countries: the role of institutions as determinants and diversion forces
No full textWe examine FDI flows (1994-2003) from the EU to two neighbouring regions: Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the South Mediterranean area (MED). A GLS random effect gravity regression of the determinants of bilateral FDI flows to a large sample of 84 developed and developing partners shows that MED countries are not different from the rest of the sample, and from the CEE region in particular, once institutional and policy variables are included in the analysis, i.e. the actual capital inflows to MED economies are not much different from the flows predicted on the basis of a gravity equation enlarged to include policy and institutional factors. This suggests that the low inflows of FDI to the MED region might correspond to equilibrium conditions given institutional and policy distortions which economic agents have to face. The analysis also provides circumstantial evidence that the intensification of FDI in CEE, following integration with the EU, has had no discernible dampening effect on FDI flows directed to MED countries. The lack of displacement effects is confirmed by the common trends followed by coefficients obtained interacting yearly with regional dummies representing the two neighbouring areas considered
Multinazionalità e sopravvivenza delle imprese:un’analisi del settore manifatturiero italiano
No full textThe aim of this paper is to investigate whether and how the multinational status and foreign ownership of firms impact on Italian manufacturing firms. To this end, we carry out the analysis of firm survival distinguishing between foreign multinationals , domestic multinationals and domestic non-multinational firms . The empirical analysis carried out over the period 2004-2008 is based on a Kaplan-Meyer survival estimator and on a Cox proportional hazard model, controlling for several firm and industry specific covariates which may impact on survival. Our findings reveal that manufacturing firms owned by foreign multinationals are more likely to exit the market than both Italian multinationals and domestic non-multinational firms. However, when we split our sample according the degree of technological intensity, we found that the footloose nature of foreign multinationals is stronger into the less dynamic industries
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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