1,720,979 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Plant-derived compounds in experimental inflammatory bowel disease and colon carcinogenesis
No full textAbstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are widespread intestinal diseases. The link between these two diseases is highlighted by the observation that patients with IBD are at increased risk for CRC. Plants have been traditionally used in folk medicine and are actually practiced in industrialized countries where their use is often integrated into conventional medicine. Most survey agree that digestive tract ailments cure/prevention, including IBD and CRC, is one of the most frequent reasons for trying plant medicines. Aim To evaluate the effect of a number of plant-derived compounds [i.e. cannabigerol (CBG), a non-psychotropic cannabinoid from Cannabis sativa, diallyl sulfide (DAS) and diallyl disulfide (DADS), two organosulfur compounds from Allium sativum, bromelain, a cysteine protease from Ananas comosus and boeravinone G, a rotenoid isolated from the Ayurvedic plant Boerhaavia diffusa) in experimental models of IBD and colon cancer.
Methods. Experimental colitis was induced in mice by intracolonic administration of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). Inflammation was assessed by evaluating inflammatory markers/parameters (e.g. colon weight/colon length ratio and myeloperoxidase activity), by histological analysis and by immunohistochemistry; interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interferon-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) levels were measured by ELISA, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by western blot and RT-PCR; CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were evaluated by a colorimetric assay. Murine macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells were used to evaluate the in vitro antinflammatory action (nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, interferon-γ, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IP-10 levels or mRNA expression). Motility changes were investigated in vivo in the model of intestinal inflammation induced by croton oil.
Colon carcinogenesis was induced by the administration of the carcinogenic agent azoxymethane (AOM) in mice, which induces the formation of preneoplastic lesions (aberrant crypt foci), polyps and tumours. In colorectal carcinoma (Caco-2) cells, proliferation was evaluated using the 3H-thymidine incorporation assay; ERK, Akt and phospho-NF-kB p65 expression was evaluated by western blot analysis, ROS production by fluorescent probe, DNA damage by Comet assay.
Results Main results indicate that 1) CBG exerts therapeutic actions in the DNBS model of colitis in mice. The effect of CBG was associated to modulation of intestinal cytokine levels and down-regulation of intestinal iNOS expression. In macrophages, CBG inhibited iNOS-derived nitric oxide production. Also, CBG protected intestinal epithelial cells exposed to oxidative stress. 2) DAS and DADS exert beneficial actions in the DNBS model of IBD. Both compounds reduced intestinal inflammation and damage, as revealed by gross evaluation, histology and immunohistochemistry. In intestinal epithelial cells, DADS reduced IP-10 and IL-6 levels, while DAS inhibited IFN-γ-stimulated nitrite production. 3) Bromelain normalises intestinal inflammation-induced hypermotility and exerts chemopreventive actions in the AOM model of colon carcinogenesis. In Caco-2 cells, bromelain stimulated apoptotic processes via blockade of MAP kinase and (PI3K)/Akt signalling. 4). Boeravinone G exerts potent antioxidant and genoprotective actions in Caco-2 cells. The genoprotective effect of boeravinone G was associated to up-regulation of pERK1 and NF-kB expression.
Conclusions. The plant ingredients CBG, DAS, DADS, bromelain and boeravinone G exerts promising intestinal antiinflammatory and antitumoural actions. In view of their safety records, these plant-derived compounds might be worthy of consideration in future clinical trials for the evaluation of new therapeutics in IBD and CRC prevention/treatmen
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