1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Synthesis and evaluation of purine C-nucleoside analogues as versatile tools for therapeutic applications
No full textreservedGli oligonucleotidi sono emersi come validi strumenti diagnostici e terapeutici, come dimostra il numero crescente di farmaci a base di acidi nucleici approvati negli ultimi anni. Esempi chiave con un notevole potenziale per la cura e la prevenzione di un'ampia gamma di patologie, come malattie neurodegenerative e infettive, includono gli oligonucleotidi antisenso (ASOs), i piccoli RNA interferenti (siRNAs), gli aptameri e i vaccini a base di mRNA. Tuttavia, la loro efficacia terapeutica è spesso ostacolata da limiti quali l'instabilità chimica ed enzimatica, lo scarso assorbimento cellulare e l'inefficiente consegna mirata a organi e tessuti. Per affrontare queste criticità sono state pertanto studiate diverse strategie di modifica chimica che coinvolgono la struttura portante, gli zuccheri o le basi azotate, oltre alla formazione di coniugati. Come parte di un più ampio sforzo di ricerca volto a indagare l'impatto delle modifiche strutturali del nucleo eterociclico così come del legame glicosidico sull'affinità di legame e sulla specificità dei corrispondenti oligonucleotidi modificati per varie applicazioni biomediche e biotecnologiche, questo progetto di tesi cerca di identificare candidati nucleosidici opportunamente modificati che possano servire agli scopi sopra menzionati. Il progetto è stato avviato con la valutazione di diversi sintoni eterociclici e la selezione finale di due 4-aza-7,9-dideazapurine come partner agliconici. Queste nucleobasi sono state poi associate a una frazione di zucchero ribosio tramite un legame C-C, con l'obiettivo di aumentare la resistenza alla scissione enzimatica e idrolitica. Inoltre, la geometria alterata del legame C-C, rispetto al legame C-N-glicosidico presente nei nucleosidi naturali, può determinare modelli di legame idrogeno modificati, influenzando la stabilità e le proprietà di interazione con gli enzimi e/o le sequenze di acidi nucleici target.
Poiché gli analoghi dei C-nucleosidi hanno dimostrato promettenti proprietà antivirali, come il remdesivir, farmaco antivirale ad ampio spettro approvato dall'FDA, gli analoghi sintetizzati saranno valutati anche per le loro proprietà antivirali contro diversi virus a RNA. Infine, i C-nucleosidi ottenuti saranno sfruttati come elementi costitutivi per sintetizzare sequenze oligonucleotidiche parzialmente e completamente modificate, previa conversione nei rispettivi fosforamiditi. La capacità degli oligonucleotidi C-modificati di ibridarsi con l'RNA naturale fornirà nuove conoscenze utili per future applicazioni nei campi della tecnologia antisenso e dell'interferenza dell'RNA.Oligonucleotides have emerged as powerful diagnostic and therapeutic tools, as demonstrated by the increasing number of approved nucleic acid drugs in recent years. Key examples with considerable potential for curing and preventing a wide range of conditions, such as neurodegenerative and infectious diseases, include antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), aptamers, and mRNA vaccines. However, their therapeutic efficacy is often hindered by shortcomings such as chemical and enzymatic instability, poor cellular uptake, and inefficient targeted delivery to organs and tissues. Therefore, a variety of chemical modification strategies at the backbone, sugar, or nucleobase moieties, along with conjugate formation have been explored to tackle these issues. As part of a larger research endeavour aimed at investigating the impact of structural modifications at the heterocyclic nucleobase core as well as glycosidic bond on the binding affinity and specificity of the correspondingly modified oligonucleotides for various biomedical and biotechnological applications, this thesis project seeks to identify suitably modified nucleoside candidates that could serve the above purposes. The project commenced with the evaluation of diverse heterocyclic synthons and ultimate selection of two 4-aza-7,9-dideazapurines as aglycone partners. These nucleobases were then connected to a ribose sugar moiety via a C-C bond, aiming to enhance resistance to enzymatic and hydrolytic cleavage. In addition, the altered geometry of C-C bond, as opposed to the C-N-glycosidic bond found in natural nucleosides, can result in modified hydrogen bonding patterns, influencing the stability and interaction properties with target enzymes and/or nucleic acid sequences.
Since C-nucleoside analogues showed promise as potential antivirals, such as the FDA-approved broad-spectrum antiviral drug remdesivir, the synthesised analogues will also be evaluated for their antiviral properties against diverse RNA viruses. Eventually, the obtained C-nucleosides will be exploited as building blocks for synthesising partially and fully modified oligonucleotide sequences previous conversion to the respective phosphoramidites. The ability of C-modified oligonucleotides to hybridise with natural RNA will provide useful new knowledge for future applications in the fields of antisense and RNA interference technology
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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