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(13(2):1-13)REGIONAL TEST OF PONLAI RICE (Secondary Report)
No full text一、供試品種係本省各試驗場所新育成之蓬萊稻，目的在探討新品種之區域適應性。供試品種12種，另加試驗當地對照品種1種，採用逢機區集法設計，5重復，5行區，行長4公尺，小區面積5平方公尺，各地田間作業，按照當地之農時及慣例。
二、供試品種生育之差異，由各地平均，生育日數相差達8天，臺中181號及新竹60號較短，高雄育62號及臺東育69號較長。各品種之株高二期作均高於一期作，臺中181號、南改育11號及12較低，不到100公分，臺東育69號植株最高。有效分藥數則臺中181號、南改育11號及12號較多，臺東育69號較少。
三、供試品種之適宜栽培地區，第一期作南改育12號適於新竹、臺中、嘉義、臺東、花蓮。南改育11號則適於臺北、屏束、羅東，其次高雄育62號、臺東育66號在埔里及臺東較佳，臺中育183號在臺中、嘉義校佳。第二期作則以南改育11號及高雄育62號適宜栽培地區較廣，南改育11號在臺北、新竹、臺中、嘉義、花蓮均佳，高雄育62號在臺中、埔里、臺東、花蓮、羅東均佳，其次，南改育12號在臺北、臺中、埔里較佳，臺東育69號在埔里、屏東較佳，臺東育73號在屏東、新竹、羅東較佳。
四、供試各品種之產量，由各地平均，第一期作除了南改育11號及12號與對照品種接近外，其餘均較低。第二期作南改育12號校對照品種高3%，南改育11號及高雄育62號高2%，高雄育63號、臺東育69號及臺東育73號僅與對照品種相近。
1. The present test is aimed to study the regional adaptability of newly improved Ponlai varieties of rice in Taiwan. Twelve new strains developed by five District Agricultural Experiment Stations together with leading varieties in respective district as check were used in the experiment. Each strain was planted in rows with 4 meters long, five rows form one block, each block occupys five square meter area and was randomized with five replications. Field was managed by ordinary way.
2. The difference in growing days of tested varieties was ranged from one to eight days. Taichung 181 and Hsinch 60 were earlier while Kaohsiung 62 and Taitung 69 were little late in maturity. Plant height in second crop was generally than that of first crop. The average plant height of Taitung 69 is 108 cm. While Taichung 181, Nan-kai-yu 11 and 12 were lower than 100 centimeters. The number of tillers in Taichung 181, Nan-kai-yu 11 and 12 was more than Taitung 69
(11(4):1-11)EXPERIMENTS OF WEEDING APPLIED 2,4-D IN RICE PADDY FIELD
No full text1. 本試驗為探討水稻田噴用2,4-D除草之可能性，及其對水稻生育與產量之影響。全試驗設四種2,4-D噴用時期(第一期作為水稻移植30、44、52、62日，第二期為移植19、26、32、38日)，各噴用時期分設每10公畝噴用2,4-D20、35、50公分(濃度均為千分之一)及手取除草四平準，採用4×4複因子試驗，田間設計用逢機區集法排列，重複四次，小區面積10平方公尺。
2. 水稻田之維草，如鴨舌草、螢蘭、水馬齒等對2,4-D感受性強者，每10公畝噴用20公分，其死亡率達80%以上，噴用數量較多，死亡率亦高。2,4-D對雜草之剷除效力，比手取除草者為大。但少部份之雜草，如田字草等，則感受性較弱，不容易枯死。
3. 水稻生育早期噴用2,4-D除草，對值株之伸長及分蘗，均受到抑制。移值後生長日數較長者，所受影響較小，噴用數量愈多，則受害更大。水稻生育期間受影響，至成熟期，其株高及有效分蘗亦減低。第二期作噴用者，所受之影響較一期作為輕。
4. 水稻噴用2,4-D除草對產量之影響，第一期作比第二期作為大。第一期作移值30日噴用，產量減低30~40%，移值44日噴用減低6~17%，迄移值52日噴用，差異不顯著。由噴用時期不同觀察，移值52日噴用者產量最高。噴用欺量不同之比較，則使用2,4-D除草均較手取除草之產量為低，噴用數量多者差異更大。第二期作噴用時期對噴用數量之連應不顯著。噴用時期不同比較，移值26日噴用者產量最高，與各噴用時期之差異顯著。各噴用數量不同比較，則以手取除草之產量為高，較噴用2,4-D除草各處理之差異，均達顯著程度。
5. 水稻配合噴用2,4-D除草，第一期作須移植50日以上，但此時之水稻中耕除草已完畢，似不適宜配合使用。第二期作噴用2,4-D對水稻影響較小，移值後30日左右噴用，對水稻不致有大影響，如第一、二次以慣例之手取除草，再配合噴用2,4-D一次，尚可施行，但噴用時之各項技術問題，均須加以探討，始可避免損失。
1. To know whether 2.4-D is effective when used as the weed killer is the purpose of this experiment. In addition, its effects to rice growth and yield caused by the spraying of 2,4-D were also investigated. The chemicals, in same concentra-tion 1/1,000, were applied individually with the amount of 20, 35 and 50g per 10 ares at four growing stages, ie. 30, 44, 52 and 62 days after transplantation in the first crop and 19, 26, 32 and 38 days in the second crop. The ordinary hand-weeding method was used as the control. 4x4 factorial block design, 4 repeats were employed.
2. In the plots of 20g treatment, more than 80% of mortality were found in some weeds, such as Monochoria vaginalis Presl, Scirpus erectus Poir. and Callitri-che stagnalis Scop. which are sensitive to 2,4-D. The weed like Marsilea quadrifolia L. was relatively insensitive. On the other hand the percentage of weed morta-1ity was found to increase according to the increase of dose applied. Generally, weeding ability of 2,4-D was higher than those of hand-weeding.
3. The Plant height and tillering number were observed to decrease in the plots of spraying at early stages of rice growth, while slight effect were found in those plots of spraying at later stages. The more amount of 2,4-D applied the more injury on rice plant occurred. This injury was generally maintained till the harvesting stage. The injury of rice by 2,4-D was more serious in the first crop than in the second crop.
4. In first crop, about 30-40, 6-17 and 0 percent of yield decreasing were invest-tigated, respectively, in the plot spraying at 30, 44. and 52 days after transplantation, when compared with the hand-weeding plot. In second crop, spraying at 26 days after transpiantion produced the highest yield. The differences from other tre-atments were statistically significant. Meanwhile, hand-weeding plot yielded more grains than any plot of spraying 2,4-D in both two crops, the differences were also significant.
5. Using 2,4-D as the weed killer, the spraying must be done at more than 50 days after the transplantation in the first crop. At this time the necessary weeding and intertillage are usually completed. Therefore, this weeding method can not be recommended in the first crop season. In the second crop, the injury of rice by 2,4-D is relatively slight when spray at 30 days after tranplantion, therefore, it can be recommeded that the ordinary hand-weeding is employed at the first and second time of weeding, and 2,4-D application is used at 3rd weeding time. In or-der to aviod the yield decreasing, sonic practical problems concerning the application of 2,4-D must be solved
(20(4):1-7)EFFECTS OF SELECTION IN TWO HYBRID POPULATIONS OF RICE PROPAGATED IN DIFFERENT CROP SEASONS II. SELECTION IN LATE SEGREGATING GENERATIONS
No full text本試驗以農林48號 × 臺中在來一號及嘉農242號 × Rizzotto二組合，雜交後代以混合法處理，至F6代始按期作分別選拔，為探討後期世代實行分期育種之選拔效果，能否受氣候環境之影響。F6世代始按選拔方式分為三種處理，即一期作選育，二期作選育及一、二期連續選育。F6世代選單株，當選之F6單株在F7成為系統，並各選出21系統，聯合各處理當選品系及一對照品種，在一期作及二期作環境試驗，所獲結果摘要如下：
在二期作環境，嘉農242號 × Rizzotto組合，以二期作選育品系之平均產量最高，但與一、二期作連續選育兄系相比較無顯著差異；一期作選育品系則顯著地比其他二者為差。農林48號 × 臺中在來1號組合，以一、二期連續選育品某之平均產量最高，而二期作選育品系比其他兩者為差。一期作環境之試驗與二期作之結果相類似，但在嘉農242號 × Rizzotto組合，一、二期連續選育品系之平均產量比二期作選育者為高。本試驗結果表示，一、二期連續選拔育種法所育成之品系，較分期育種法所育成之品系，無論在一期作或二期作，均有較穩定的產量。
As reported previously (6), the difference in selection efficiency in different crop seasons on several agronomic traits like grain yield, number of tillers per plant, etc., in early segregating eenerations were not always significant. In this study the effect of selection in different crop seasons initiated from late segregating generations of the same hybrids will be reported. Two hybrids, Nohrin 48 × Taichung (Native) 1 and Chianung 242 × Rizzotto, were separately grown in both the first and the second crop seasnos consecutively under the bulk method up to F5 generation. Then, three seed samples were taken from the harvested seed lot of each F5 population to provided the seed for growing the F6 and F7 in three different groups, the first crop season alone, the second crop season alone and both crop seasons. Eight thousand plants consisted a population in the F6 and 80 plants were selected from them to establish plant-row in the successive F7. Finally, 21 lines were selected from each of the 3 populations to establish strains for yield trail.
In the second crop of 1968, the difference among average yields of three strain-groups derived from the F1 of Chianung 242 × Rizzotto was highly significant. The strains selected in the second crop yielded the highest in average among these three train groups, though their average yield did not significantly differed from that of the strains seleted in both crop seasons. Among the three strain groups derived from the F1 of another cross, Nohrin 48 × Taichung (Native) 1, the strain group selected in both crop seasons yielded higher in average than the rest of two strain groups, though signigicantly outyielded only the strain group selected in the second crop season. The result of the 1969 first crop was similar with that obtained in the 1968 second crop, except in those strains derived from the F1 of Chianung 242 × Rizzotto, among which the strain group selected in both crop seasons significantly outyielded the strain group selected in the second crop season. The results of this experiment seem to indicate there is little advantage in growing F6 and F7 hybrid materials in a particular season for efficient selection
(20(3):1-11)EFFECTS OF SELECTION IN TWO HYBRID POPULATIONS OF RICE PROPAGATED IN DIFFERENT CROP SEASONS I. SELECTION IN EARLY SEGREGATING GENERATIONS
No full text本研究以農林48號 × 臺中在來1號及嘉農242號 × Rizzotto二組合，就其雜交後裔各分為一期作選育、二期作選育及一、二期作連續選育三種處理，分別自F2代開始分期選拔，迨至F6代始分期選拔二部份進行，以探求雜交後代分期選育之效果，及早期世代分期與後期世代始分期選育之差異。試驗自52年開始，至F4代與一、二期連續選育者比較分期處理主要農藝性狀之變異，至F5世代比較分期與連續選育處理之差異，並按組合各處理選拔21系統，3處理共63系統，加對照種共64種，以簡方設計分別在一期作及二期作環境進行蠻量試驗，此為早期世代開始分期選育部份。玆將結果摘要列下：
1. 分期選育處理，每年繁殖一代，一、二期連續選育處理，須停止一年予以配合。至F4代分期與連續選育處理之比較，在一期作環境。農林48號 × 臺中在來1號及嘉農242號 × Rizzotto組合，分期選育之處理，均為生育日數稍長，穩長、穗重較優異，一叢穗重較大。在二期作環境，二個雜交組合之結果仍為相似，分期選育之處理，有效分蘗稍多，穗長反略減少，但結實較佳，一叢穗重仍較優異。
2. F5代分期與一、二期連續選育之系統，在一期作環境試驗，其一叢穗重之分佈，農林48號 × 臺中在來1號組合，為一、二期連續選育者絞優異，平均值較大。嘉農242號 × Rizzotto組合，一叢穗重之分佈，則為分期選育者較優，平均值較大。在二期作試驗，二個雜交組合，其一叢穗重之分佈，均為分期選育者較優異，而平均值較大。
3. 由F5代之二個組合，各按三種處理選育之品系，聯合於一期作及二期作環境進行產量試驗，在一期作結果，不論農林48號 × 臺中在來1號或嘉農242號 × Rizzotto組合，各處理選育品系間之產量，經變方分析，均有顯著差異。由各品系蠻量之分佈觀察，農林48號×臺中在來1號組合以一、二期連續選育處理最優異，平均產量最高，與分期選育者差異顯著。嘉農242號 × Rizzotto組合則以一期作選育處理之平均產量最高，一、二期連續選育處理最差，但三處理之相互間差異均不顯著。二期作結果，仍與一期作相似。
Dur to different climatic conditions in the first (Spring) and the second (Fell) crop seasons of rice in Taiwan, the strains selected consecutively in different seasons may bring about higher adaptability to different seasons. To test this idea, the segregating hybrid populations of two crosses of rice, Nohrin 48 X Taichung (Native) 1 and Chianung 242 X Rizzotto, were separately grown, up to F5 generation, in three different consecutive seasons, i.e., the first crop seasons only, the second crop seasons only and both crop seasons consecutively. Each of the three bulk populations from the each cross contained about 1,500, 10,000 and 5,000 indivduals respectively in the F2, F3 and F4 generation. Artificial selection was practiced in the F4 based on the performance of individual plants and 80 lines per bulk-population were grown in the F5. In the F4 as well as in the F5, the first-crop populations were compared with the both-crop populations regarding their major agronomic characters in the first crop seasons and the second-crop populations were compared with them in the second crop. In the F5, 21 lines were selected from each bulk-population to form strains for yield trals in the F6. A total of 63 strains from each cross ere yield-tested with one check variety in both crop seasons. A simple lattice design with two replications was used in the trials. The results were summarized below.
1. The first-crop populations in the F4 of both crosses showed a longer duration from transplanting to heading heavier panicle weight, more panicles per individual plant in average, than those of the both-crop populations. The second-crop populations revealed more panicles per individual higher percentage of fertility, heavier panicle weight, and shorter panicle length than those of the both-crop populations.
2. In the F5 of Nohrin 48 X Taichung (Native) 1, the selected lines from first-crop populations showed more panicles per hill and shorter panicle length in the first crop than those from the both-crop populations, while a reversed result was found in the cross-combination of Chainung 242 X Rizzotto. In the second crop, the lines selected from the second-crop population performed shorter growth duration, heavier panicle weight per hill than those from the both-crop populations.
3. In the F6 generation, the selected lines from the both-crop populations showed the highest grain yield in either crop seasnos when the cross of Nohrin 48 X Taichung Native 1 was concerned. It seems that the both-crop selection gave the highest selection effect in this cross crobination. However, no such significant diference has been found in the populations derived from the hybrid of another cross, Chianung 242 X Rizzotto
(14(2):43-48)STUDIES ON THE VARIETAL DIFFERENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER RESPONSE TO THE YIELD OF RICE
No full text本試驗採用現在推廣栽培之蓬萊稻15品種，用三種不同氮肥用量，即每公煩氮素80公斤，120公斤及160公斤，探討各品種對氮素肥料反應。田間試驗採用裂區設計，氮肥用量為主區，品種為副區，重複四次，所得結果如下：
1. 供試各品種之產量，經變方分析結果，一期作及二期作F值均極顯著，品種間產量確有差異。品種與氮肥用量之交感作用，一期作及二期作F值均未顯著，各品種產量對氮肥反應之差異並不大。 2. 各品種產量對氮肥反應之差異，一期作較二期作為大；一期作氮素120公斤之處理，只新竹56號之產量增加，高雄68號與標準區（N 80公斤）相若，其餘各品種之產量均減低，其減低範圍在1－10%。氮素160公斤之處理，各品種產量均減低，其減低範圍由10－30%。但第二期作氮素120公斤之處理，各品種產量由增加1－10%至減低1－15%。在氮素160公斤處理，其增產或減產之範圍仍與120公斤處理相同。其中臺中65號，農試21號，新竹56號，臺中181號，臺中179號對氮肥反應較強，尤其是臺中65號及農試21號，在160公斤之氮肥仍是增加產量。
3. 氮肥用量對產量之差異，一期作極顯著，二期作不顯著。由各品種平均結果，一期作氮素80公斤之處理產量最高，與120公斤之處理差異未顯著（增加5%），與160公斤之處理差異極顯著（增加23%）。二期作亦以氮素80公斤之處理產量最高，但與120公斤及160公斤之處理差異極少。故現在一般推廣栽培之品種，在第一期作大部份不能接受120公斤之氮素，但第二期作之效應較低，似可耐受稍多之數量，但適當用量應由試驗探討。
1. In order to study the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on the yield of rice, 15 popularly cultivated ponlai varieties were planted under three fertilizer levels i. e. 80, 120 and 160 kg per hectare. Spilit plot design in which fertilizer was treated as main plot and variety as sub-plot with four replications was employed.
2. The grain yield was found to differ from different varieties; but the varietal difference in fertilizer response was not so prominent in view of insignificant interaction between variety and fertilizer level.
3. In the first crop, Hsinchu No.56 and Kaoshung No.68 gave the higher yield than control but all other varieties showed 1 to 10% decrease in grain yield in the plot applied with 120 kg of nitrogen. Varieties in 160 kg showed 10 to 30% reduce-tion in yield. In the second crop, Taichung No. 65, Nungshi No. 21, Hsiuchu No. 56, Taichung 181, Taichung No. 179 gave the higher yield than control, while other varieties showed 1 to 10% decrease in the plot applied with 120 kg of nitrogen fertilizer. In 160 kg plot, except Nungshi No. 21 and Taichung No.65 which showed a little increase, all other varieties showed different degree of reduction in grain yield. From these results, it is inferred that the nitrogen response to the yield of respective variety in the first crop is more prominent than that of the second crop.
4. The highest average yield was found in control (N 80 kg) in the first crop; same is true in the second crop though not so conspicuous. It is concluded that an addition application of nitrogen fertilizer up to 160 kg seemed to be not able to increase the yield in the first crop. However, it is effective in the second crop. Further studies are needed to determine the standard amount of nitrogen fertilizer for second crop
(12(4):1-16)REGIONAL TEST OF PONLAI(Preliminary Report)
No full text一、本試驗自民國47年2期至49年1期在全省14處舉行，供試品種15種（內臺中65號為共同對照種），為本省各試驗場所新育成之蓬萊稻品種，另加試驗當地最優良之品種一種，以為對照，目的在探討各品種之域區適應性情形，以供推廣之依據。
二、試驗設計採用逢機區集法，重複5次，5行區，行株距為25×20公分，小區面積5平方公尺，各試驗地之田間作業，如播種、移植、中耕除草，以及肥料用量及用法，均按照當地之農時及慣例實施。
三、各品種之生育情形，綜合各地之結果；以生育日數言，各品種均差異不大，第一期作介在86-90日之間，臺中65號，高雄68號，農試25號較短，為86天，臺南3號，高雄53號，臺東育50號，花蓮育5號較長，達90天。第二期作介61-66日之間，以臺中178號，臺東育61號稍短，為61天，高雄68號及臺南1號，花蓮育5號，嘉農242號，為66及65天。以植株高度言，第一期作最高之品種為花蓮育5號，達110.7公分，其次為嘉農242號，臺東育61號，高雄64號。較低之品種為臺南1號及農試25號。第二期各品種之差異與一期作同，但二期之株高比一期為高。有效分蘗數之差異，各品種亦相差不大，介在12-15之間，以臺南3號，農試21號，臺東育50號，臺中178號較多，最少之品種為臺東育61號及嘉農242號。二期作之有效分蘗數較一期為少。
四、供試各品種之產量，經統計分析後，各地較適應栽培之品種如下：
臺北：一期作以臺中178號，臺北306號，二期作以農試21號為適。
桃園：一期作產量最高之五品種，兩期均不同，二期作以農試25號，臺中153號較適。
新竹：一期作以嘉農242號，臺北306號，二期作以臺南1號，臺中178號較佳。苗栗：一期作以高雄68號，臺北306號，嘉農242號，二期作以高雄53號，臺中178號為適。
臺中：一期作以臺南1號，臺北306號，臺東育50號，二期作以臺南1號及臺南3號較適。
埔里：一期作以嘉農242號，臺東育61號，臺南3號，二期作以臺南3號，臺北306號為適。
清水：一期作以臺南3號，嘉農242號，二期作以臺東育50號，農試21號為佳。員林：一期作以嘉農24號，臺南1號為適，二期作48年試驗區被水沖毀，成績欠缺。
嘉義：一期作以嘉農242號，臺南3號，臺南1號，二期作以臺南3號，高雄68號為適。
下營：一期作以臺南3號，嘉農242號，二期作以臺南3號，高雄68為適。
屏東：以高雄53號，高雄64號，高雄68號及臺南3號為佳。
臺東：一期作以臺南3號，高雄64號，高雄68號，二期以新竹58號，高雄64號為適。
花蓮：一期作以高雄53號，臺南3號，嘉農242號，二期以新竹58號，臺南3號，臺中178號較適。
羅東：一期作以臺南3號，臺北306號，二期作以高雄68號，農試25號為適。五、供試各品種較適應之地區，綜觀各地高產量之品種，第一期作以嘉農242號，臺南3號適應最廣，其次為臺北306號。嘉農242號在嘉義、埔里、下營、新竹、苗栗、員林、清水、花蓮產量均佳。臺南3號在羅東、臺東、下營、清水、嘉義、埔里、花蓮產量均佳。臺北306號則較適於臺北、羅東、新竹、苗栗及臺東。第二期作以臺南3號及高雄68號之適應較廣。臺南3號在下營、埔里、花蓮、嘉義、臺中、羅東之產量均佳，高雄68號則在羅東，下營、嘉義，新竹等地較佳。
六、供試各品種之產量，由各地綜合平均，第一期作產量最高之品種為臺南3號，較當地對照品種高11%，其次為嘉農242號，較當地對照種高10%，花蓮育5號，農試21號，臺東育50號，臺中65號，農試25號之產量，則較當地對照品種為低。第二期產量最高之品種為高雄68號，比當地對照品種高7.1%，其次為臺南3號，較當地對照種高6.7%，產量最低之品種為臺東育61號，較對照種為低。
1. The regionaltest for newly bred Ponlai rice was conducted at 14 locations during the second crop season of 1958 , and the first corpof 1960 . Ponlai rice varieties developed mostly by the District Agricultural Improvement Stations , were subjected for test regarding yielding capacity and the regional adaptability.
2. The distance between rows was 25 centimeters and 20 centimeters Within rows. Five rows each plot, five replications and randomized block design was used. A leading variety in respective location was used as check . Field practice was done according to the regular way.
3. variou agronoiic characters such as heading date, plant height and number of panicles were recorded in the field. The results are summarized as follows :
a ). Heading date
The growing period ( from transplanting to heading ) was varied from different varieties as well as from locations. The average was around 86 to 90 days ( in the first crop). Among varieties tested, Taichung No. 65, Kaoshiung No. 68 and Nungshi No. 25 showed shorter growing period with an average of 86 days. TainanNo, 3, Kaohsiung No. 53 , Taitungyu No. 50 and HwaliCnyu No, 5. were 90 days, a little longer. In second crop, Taichung No, 178 and Taitungyu No. 61 showed 61 days, Kaohsiung No. 68, Tainan No. 1 , Hwalienyu No. 5 and Chianung No. 242 were 65 to 66 days.
b). Plant height
No significant difference was found for plant height among varieties tested. The plant height in 2nd crop was generally a little taller then that in first crop season. This might be caused by the high temperature. Among varieties tested Hwalienyu No 5 was the tallest with 110.7 centimeters in average.
c). Number of panicles per plant
No difference in number of panicles per plant among varieties was observed. The mean number was 12 to 15. Tainan No. 3 Nungshi No. 21 Taitungyu No. 50 and Taichung No. 178 showed more tillers than those of Taitungyu No. 61 and Chianung No. 242. In the second crop season, the tiller number was generally reduced a little in comparison with that of first crop season.
4. Variance analysis in grain yield was made, The result showed that ( in the
first crop season), Tainan No, 3 produced the highest yield ( 11% over the check variety), Chianung No. 242 came to next ( 10 % over check variety). Hwalienyu No. 5, Nungshi No. 21, Taitungyu No. 50, and Nungshi No. 25 gave lower yield than check varieties. In the second season, the highest yielding variety was kaohsiung No. 68 and Tainan No. 3 which showed an increase of 7.1%and 6.7% than check variety respectively. The lower yielding variety was Taitungyu , No. 61.
5. Tlle most suitable growing area for 15 new varieties were grouped as the result of yield. trial as given below
(8(3-4):21-32)STUDIES ON THE CULTIVATION OF RATOON RICE
No full text本試驗就宿根稻耕種之因子配合數項試驗，自民國44年至民國46年在農試所農場作實際試驗，茲就上述數項試驗結果，綜合其結論如下：
1. 一期作稻•收穫時，稻樁留高者，其萌蘗數較留低者為多。但其萌芽多發生於地上節，故較細弱抽穗早、不整齊，收量亦低。又稱樁高者萌發株數較留低者為多，其相差很明顯。在本試驗內留樁24公分者，萌發率平均為89.1%，留樁15公分者為80.6%，留椿6公分者為71.9%。
2. 稻椿所生長之萌蘗於二期作插秧時再割除一次者，其生育日數則較無割蘗者遲7日左右，惟經過割蘗之處理，其成活株數減少，株高較低，每叢穗數較少，但其穗較長大，收量較佳。
3. 收穫後稻樁伸長之萌芽，培育為宿根稻，以於8月初旬即二期作插秧當時，施行除草施肥管理或割蘗處理者，則施肥除草時同時割除為佳。過遲或過早，對於生育及產量均不良。
4. 一期作稻收穫後，田間排水及灌水之區劃內，灌水區之稻椿萌發株數，似不較排水區為多，但每樁之萌芽數及萌芽高度，均以灌水區為佳。
5. 一期作稻肥料種類不同，對於稻椿之萌發力有很大的差異，單施用堆肥、無氮肥及無肥之處理，其萌發率達99%以上，而稻谷產量除堆肥區較普通肥料區為高外，無氮區並不增加，無肥區則減產很多，多氮區因稻樁之萌發率受影響，故產量極低，經各種肥料處理之宿根稻之產量，一般較其前生稻普通肥料區減低至20~30%。至於多施磷肥，鉀肥或無磷肥鉀肥之處理，對於稻樁之萌發率，均無明顯之增減。
6. 一期作稻收穫前加施少量之氮肥（每10公畝施硫酸錏10公斤），對於稻樁之萌發力有顯著之增加，收穫前14日施者，較不旅者多10%左右，收穫前日數短施者，則相差漸少。但其對於產量之關係，有施用者其產量均無提高之傾向，由表15之結果，收穫前施氣肥對於宿根稻產量不但不增加反而減低。
7. 稻樁伸長之萌蘗於二期稻插秧當時（8月初旬）將稻樁連萌芽距地面約三公分處割除一次之處理，其平均產量較無蘗者高10%左右，全試驗以稻樁留15公分（一般收穫時所遺留之高度）萌蘗除一次之處理者產量最佳。留樁6公分者，則以不割蘗之處理，其產量為佳，平均以留樁15公分處理之產量較留6公分者高12%，惟全試驗各處理間，其最高之產量，每公頃只近23,00公斤，由一般產量而論似嫌太低。
8. 宿根稻之產量由45年及46年2年試驗成績觀察，其收量均較二期作插秧稻為低，在灌水區內，宿根稻之谷產量每公頃1,626.3公斤，二期作稻產量為2,872公斤，其產量只有二期作稻之56.6%，草產量宿根稻每公頃之收量為2,511.1公斤，二期作稻為3,769.5公斤，只為二期作稻之60.6%。在排水區內，無論二期作稻或宿根稻之產量，均較灌水區為低，惟宿根稻對二期作稻之產量比則較灌水區為佳，谷產量為二期作稻之60.5%，草產量為二期作稻之75%。
9. 由各試驗項目內觀察，宿根稻之產量普通低弱，考其原因，宿根稻稻樁萌發株數，以及每枯穗數之減低，似為主要原因，至於如何使萌發株數及每桔穗數之增加以提高收量，似須繼續探討。
10. 在同一田區內，二期作稻比宿根稻之產量為高，然宿根稻之經營，可節省種子及勞力，但是節省若干，有無經濟價值，或在特殊之地區，宿根稻有更大之利益，有待進一步之探討。
1. The present paper describes the experimental result of cultivation of ratoon rice (one of the second generation’s growth from the root) with special emphasis on the effect of different stump heights, irigation and fertilization to the yield.
2. The number of shoots sprouted, seemed to be correlated with height of stump. The rate of tillering in 24 cm, 15 cm and 6 cm stump heights were 89.1%, 80.6% and 71.9% respectively.
3. As the result of once-shoot-cutting treatment, the day of growth prolonged seven days more than that of non-shoot-cutting treatment. The number of ears per hill is decreased but the case is not true the size of ears leading to increase about 10% of yield as compared to non-shoot-cutting treatment.
4. It has been found that the number of hills with shoot sprouts is fewer in irigated plot than that of non-irigated one. However, the number and height of shoots within hills are increased in the irigated plot.
5. Among different kinds and amounts of fertilizers applied on the paddy field of first crop (maternal plant), difference is evident that the tillering ability in manured, nitrogen free and non-fertilization plots were induced increasing to 99%; in case of the grain yield, it has been noticed a little increase in the manured plot, and reduction remarkably in non and super nitrogen and non-fertilization plots of ratoon rice field. However, the yield was generally 20-30% lower than standard fertilizaton plot of maternal plant. No effect on the yield was found as the result of different amount of potassium and phosphorus application.
6. Application of ammonium sulphate (100 kg per ha) to the paddy field of maternal plants 14 days prior to the harvest, resulted 10% increase of rate of shoot sprouting than non-fertilization plot but the decrease of yield was found in maternal plant after this kind of fertilization.
7. Concerning effect of irrigation, the yields of grain and straw of ratoon rice in non-irigated field were found to be 56.6% and 60.6% respectively, in terms those of transplanted and cultured by ordinary method, while in case of irigated field, the result being 60.5% and 75% respectively.
8. As mentioned above, yield of rotoon rice was generally lower than that of ordinary cultivation method. The reduction of number of shoots, and number of ears per hill has been the main reason of low yield of ratoon rice. How to promote these quantitative characters is the key problem of increasing yield of ratoon rice remains to be studied
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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