53,505 research outputs found
Biography of Ceerno Ndiaye Ba
No full textThis manuscript is a biography of Ceerno Ndiaye Ba Bababe, in Mauritania. It is one of a series of biographies that the author has written about Islamic leaders in West Africa.Ce manuscrit est une biographie de Ceerno Ndiaye Ba Bababe, en Mauritanie. Elle fait partie d'une série de biographies que l'auteur a écrites sur les dirigeants islamiques en Afrique de l'Ouest
Poems of Sheikh Muhammad al-Ghaly Ba
No full textThis volume contains seven poems handwritten by Muhammad al-Ghāli Ba. According to the author's son, Mountaga Ba, the poems were probably composed in the mid-1970s a time when the author lived in Mauritania, while working at the country's national radio station and serving as a special counsel to then president Moktar Ould Daddah (1924–2003). The poems adress various issues. The first is a call to action addressed to the Mauritianian youth, urging them to join in the collective work for the development of the country. The second poem is a hagiography on Ceerno Ahmad Nene Ba of Kaedi (Mauritania). The poem eulogizes the virtues of the patron. The third describes the event of Sharif Muhammad al-Habib's visit to the region of Fuuta region (Senegal), namely the village of Pate Galo. The fourth poem contains greetings and expresions of love addressed to the author's friends in the town of Kaedi. The fifth poem is a remembrance about good times. The author reminisces and praises the qualities of a woman named Jaari.The sixth poem describes one afternoon journey of the author. The seventh poem is a mournful praisesong in which the author laments the loss of a cherished person.Ce volume contient sept poèmes manuscrits de Muhammad al-Ghāli Ba. Selon le fils de l'auteur, Mountaga Ba, les poèmes ont probablement été composés au milieu des années 1970, à une époque où l'auteur vivait en Mauritanie, alors qu'il travaillait à la radio nationale du pays et était conseiller spécial du président de l'époque, Moktar Ould Daddah (1924). –2003). Les poèmes abordent diverses questions. Le premier est un appel à l'action adressé aux jeunes mauriciens, les exhortant à s'associer au travail collectif pour le développement du pays. Le deuxième poème est une hagiographie sur Ceerno Ahmad Nene Ba de Kaedi (Mauritanie). Le poème fait l'éloge des vertus du mécène. Le troisième décrit l'événement de la visite de Sharif Muhammad al-Habib dans la région de la région de Fuuta (Sénégal), à savoir le village de Pate Galo. Le quatrième poème contient des salutations et des expressions d'amour adressées aux amis de l'auteur dans la ville de Kaedi. Le cinquième poème est un souvenir des bons moments. L'auteur rappelle et loue les qualités d'une femme nommée Jaari. Le sixième poème décrit un après-midi de voyage de l'auteur. Le septième poème est une louange mélancolique dans laquelle l'auteur déplore la perte d'une personne chérie
Dix-huit poèmes peul modernes, présentés par Pierre F. Lacroix
No full textBa Oumar. Dix-huit poèmes peul modernes, présentés par Pierre F. Lacroix. In: Cahiers d'études africaines, vol. 2, n°8, 1962. pp. 536-550
Seawater nutrient and carbonate ion concentrations recorded as P/Ca, Ba/Ca, and U/Ca in the deep-sea coral D. dianthus
No full textAs paleoceanographic archives, deep sea coral skeletons offer the potential for high temporal resolution and precise absolute dating, but have not been fully investigated for geochemical reconstructions of past ocean conditions. Here we assess the utility of skeletal P/Ca, Ba/Ca and U/Ca in the deep sea coral D. dianthus as proxies of dissolved phosphate (remineralized at shallow depths), dissolved barium (trace element with silicate-type distribution) and carbonate ion concentrations, respectively. Measurements of these proxies in globally distributed D. dianthus specimens show clear dependence on corresponding seawater properties. Linear regression fits of mean coral Element/Ca ratios against seawater properties yield the equations: P/Cacoral (lmol/mol) = (0.6 ± 0.1) P/Casw(lmol/mol) – (23 ± 18), R2 = 0.6, n = 16 and Ba/Cacoral(lmol/mol) = (1.4 ± 0.3) Ba/Casw(lmol/mol) + (0 ± 2), R2 = 0.6, n = 17; no significant relationship is observed between the residuals of each regression and seawater temperature, salinity, pressure, pH or carbonate ion concentrations, suggesting that these variables were not significant secondary dependencies of these proxies. Four D. dianthus specimens growing at locations withOarag 6 0.6 displayed markedly depleted P/Ca compared to the regression based on the remaining samples, a behavior attributed to an undersaturation effect. These corals were excluded from the calibration. Coral U/Ca correlates with seawater carbonate ion: U/Cacoral(lmol/mol) = (?0.016 ± 0.003) ½CO2? 3 ? (lmol/kg) + (3.2 ± 0.3), R2 = 0.6, n = 17. The residuals of the U/Ca calibration are not significantly related to temperature, salinity, or pressure. Scatter about the linear calibration lines is attributed to imperfect spatialtemporal matches between the selected globally distributed specimens and available water column chemical data, and potentially to unresolved additional effects. The uncertainties of these initial proxy calibration regressions predict that dissolved phosphate could be reconstructed to ±0.4 lmol/kg (for 1.3–1.9 lmol/kg phosphate), and dissolved Ba to ±19 nmol/kg (for 41–82 nmol/kg Basw). Carbonate ion concentration derived from U/Ca has an uncertainty of ±31lmol/kg (for 60–120 lmol=kg CO2? 3 ). The effect of microskeletal variability on P/Ca, Ba/Ca, and U/Ca was also assessed, with emphasis on centers of calcification, Fe–Mn phases, and external contaminants. Overall, the results show strong potential for reconstructing aspects of water mass mixing and biogeochemical processes in intermediate and deep waters using fossil deep-sea corals
HIGH FREE AND GLYCOCONJUGATED AND LOW TAUROCONJUGATED BA LEVELS IN SERUM ARE THE MIRROR OF INTESTINAL EVENTS AND HEPATIC UPTAKE
No full textFasting serum bile acid (BA) composition in healthy people is still
unknown: only recently an adequate technology to measure in the same sample both free and conjugated BAs has been developed. Aim of this study was to evaluate serum BA levels and composition in healthy subjects. Methods: 30 healthy young subjects (15 females and 15 males) [no gallstone disease, no abnormal liver tests, no liver steatosis on ultrasonography; mean age 26.5±0.8 (range 22−40 yrs)] were selected. A blood sample was taken in the morning after a standardized overnight fasting period (8 hours). Serum samples, diluted 1:6 (v/v) with NaOH 0.1N and heated to 64oC for 30 minute, were loaded on conditioned cartridge and
washed with 10 ml of water. The cartridge was eluted with 5 ml of methyl alcohol; the eluate was dried under vacuum and then reconstituted with the mobile phase (70:30 v/v ammonium acetate buffer/acetonitrile) and injected into HPLC-ESI-MS instrument. The recovery of each BA ranged from 80% to 96% and accordingly corrected.
Results: Total serum BA levels were 3.65±0.40 mmol/L (male:4.2±0.7; female:3.1±0.4 mmol/L, p = ns); total cholate levels were 0.65±0.11 mmol/L (M:0.79±0.18; F: 0.52±0.13 mmol/L, p = ns); total chenodeoxycholate levels were 1.7±0.2 mmol/L (M: 2.0±0.32; F: 1.4±0.24 mmol/L, p = ns); total deoxycholate levels were 0.8±0.13 mmol/L (M: 0.9±0.24; F: 0.72±0.10 mmol/L, p = ns); total lithocholate levels were below the detectability threshold; total ursodeoxycholate levels were 0.51±0.03 mmol/L (M: 0.55±0.051; F: 0.50±0.05 mmol/L, p = ns). Free BA levels were 1.9±0.3 mmol/L (male: 2.4±0.5; female: 1.4±0.19 mmol/L, p = ns); total glycoconjugate levels were 1.5±0.14 mmol/L (M: 1.7±0.18; F: 1.32±0.22 mmol/L, p = ns); total tauroconjugate levels were 0.29±0.05 mmol/L (M: 0.17±0.03; F: 0.41±0.09 mmol/L,
p = 0.02). Conclusions: Free and glycoconjugated BAs undergo passive diffusion and facilitated transport along the entire small intestine, accounting for their higher fractional serum level. Tauroconjugated BAs absorption occurs only in the distal ileum through an active transport system, and their hepatic uptake is extremely efficient, accounting for their lower spill into the systemic circulation; their higher levels in females suggest a pivotal role of oestrogens in the modulation of the transport systems involved in
Bas enterohepatic circulation
Longitudinal analysis of serum neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 in patients receiving monoclonal antibodies
No full textThe emergence of Omicron sublineages impacts the therapeutic efficacy of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Here, we evaluate neutralization and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities of 6 therapeutic mAbs against Delta, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5. The Omicron subvariants escape most antibodies but remain sensitive to bebtelovimab and cilgavimab. Consistent with their shared spike sequence, BA.4 and BA.5 display identical neutralization profiles. Sotrovimab is the most efficient at eliciting ADCC. We also analyze 121 sera from 40 immunocompromised individuals up to 6 months after infusion of Ronapreve (imdevimab + casirivimab) or Evusheld (cilgavimab + tixagevimab). Sera from Ronapreve-treated individuals do not neutralize Omicron subvariants. Evusheld-treated individuals neutralize BA.2 and BA.5, but titers are reduced. A longitudinal evaluation of sera from Evusheld-treated patients reveals a slow decay of mAb levels and neutralization, which is faster against BA.5. Our data shed light on antiviral activities of therapeutic mAbs and the duration of effectiveness of Evusheld pre-exposure prophylaxis
BA.2 and BA.5 omicron differ immunologically from both BA.1 omicron and pre-omicron variants.
No full textSeveral studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 omicron is an immune escape variant. Meanwhile, however, omicron BA.2 and BA.5 became dominant in many countries and replaced BA.1. As both have several mutations compared to BA.1, we analyzed whether BA.2 and BA.5 show further immune escape relative to BA.1. Here, we characterized neutralization profiles against the BA.2 and BA.5 omicron sub-variants in plasma samples from individuals with different history of exposures to infection/vaccination and found that unvaccinated individuals after a single exposure to BA.2 had limited cross-neutralizing antibodies to pre-omicron variants and to BA.1. Consequently, our antigenic map including all Variants of Concern and BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 omicron sub-variants, showed that all omicron sub-variants are distinct to pre-omicron variants, but that the three omicron variants are also antigenically distinct from each other. The antibody landscapes illustrate that cross-neutralizing antibodies against the current antigenic space, as described in our maps, are generated only after three or more exposures to antigenically close variants but also after two exposures to antigenically distant variants. Here, we describe the antigenic space inhabited by the relevant SARS-CoV-2 variants, the understanding of which will have important implications for further vaccine strain adaptations
Boundary Algebra: A Simpler Approach to Boolean Algebra and the Sentential Connectives
No full textBoundary algebra [BA] is a algebra of type , and a simplified notation for Spencer-Brown’s (1969) primary algebra. The syntax of the primary arithmetic [PA] consists of two atoms, () and the blank page, concatenation, and enclosure between ‘(‘ and ‘)’, denoting the primitive notion of distinction. Inserting letters denoting, indifferently, the presence or absence of () into a PA formula yields a BA formula. The BA axioms are A1: ()()= (), and A2: “(()) [abbreviated ‘⊥’] may be written or erased at will,” implying (⊥)=(). The repeated application of A1 and A2 simplifies any PA formula to either () or ⊥. The basis for BA is B1: abc=bca (concatenation commutes & associates); B2, ⊥a=a (BA has a lower bound, ⊥); B3, (a)a=() (BA is a complemented lattice); and B4, (ba)a=(b)a (implies that BA is a distributive lattice). BA has two intended models: (1) the Boolean algebra 2 with base set B={(),⊥}, such that () ⇔ 1 [dually 0], (a) ⇔ a′, and ab ⇔ a∪b [a∩b]; and (2) sentential logic, such that () ⇔ true [false], (a) ⇔ ~a, and ab ⇔ a∨b [a∧b]. BA is a self-dual notation, facilitates a calculational style of proof, and simplifies clausal reasoning and Quine’s truth value analysis. BA resembles C.S. Peirce’s graphical logic, the symbolic logics of Leibniz and W.E. Johnson, the 2 notation of Byrne (1946), and the Boolean term schemata of Quine (1982).Boundary algebra; boundary logic; primary algebra; primary arithmetic; Boolean algebra; calculation proof; G. Spencer-Brown; C.S. Peirce; existential graphs
Mineralogical and fluid characteristics of the fluorite-rich Monakoff and E1 Cu-Au deposits, Cloncurry region, Queensland, Australia: implications for regional F-Ba-rich IOCG mineralisation
No full textThe Monakoff iron oxide-Cu-Au (IOCG) deposit, located to the north east of Cloncurty within the Eastern Succession of the Mount Isa Inlier, Queensland, Australia, is characterised by high concentrations of F and Ba, with a host of other enriched elements including Co, Ag, Mn, REE, U, Pb, Zn and Sr. This gives the deposit a characteristic gangue assemblage dominated by fluorite, barite and calcite. The nearby E1 deposit, located 25 km to the NNE of Monakoff, and the large Ernest Henry deposit, 3 km to the west of E1, also contain abundant fluorite, barite and calcite in late stage assemblages. The three deposits, therefore, constitute a distinct group of IOCG deposits within the district, based on their F-rich geochemical and mineralogical affinities.
The Monakoff ore zone is hosted in dilational openings along a shear zone developed within metasediments and metavolcanic rocks at the boundary between competent hangingwall rocks of the Toole Creek Volcanics and foot-wall rocks of the Mount Norna Quartzites. Four stages of alteration and mineralisation are recognised: Stage 1 garnet-biotite alteration; Stage 2 biotite-magnetite alteration; Stage 3 main F-Ba-ore mineralisation; and a Stage 4 pyrite-alloclasite Au-Co-As overprint. The E1 deposit has a more complex history, but Stage 5 has veins of fluorite-barite-carbonate that are comparable to Monakoffs main stage. The Stage 3 assemblage at Monakoff comprises a sheared groundmass of fluorite, barite, manganoan calcite, magnetite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena and sphalerite, with coarser grained pods of the same mineralogy interpreted to be dilational structures infilled during syn-ore deformation. Accessory minerals include U-Pb-oxides, REE-F-carbonates and Ag-Pb-Bi-sulfosalts, with no discrete Au minerals. The sulfosalts are interpreted to have formed from an immiscible Bi-melt within the mineralising fluid at temperatures higher than the melting point of Bi. The Stage 4 overprint at Monakoff contains pyrite and alloclasite. Laser ablation analyses of the sulphide minerals at Monakoff reveal that Stage 3 sulphides contain only trace amounts of Au (0.04 ppm in pyrite), although galena and chalcopyrite contain significant concentrations of Ag. Stage 4 pyrite and alloclasite, however, contain similar to 1 ppm Au in solid solution and mass balance calculations indicate the majority of bulk rock Au to be present in these minerals, although the majority of bulk Ag is present in Stage 3 sulphides. The Stage 5 veins at E1 have an identical gangue and accessory mineralogy to Stage 3 at Monakoff and differ in the sulphide mineralogy only in the lack of galena and sphalerite.
Four fluid inclusion populations are identified within the fluorite at Monakoff: Group 1 is CO2 rich; Group 2 is complex solid-liquid-vapour inclusions, with two groups based on homogenisation temperature (>450 degrees C and 300-375 degrees C). Laser ablation-ICP-MS analyses indicate that these inclusions contain Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ag, REE, U and Ba, but significantly no 5, Se or Au; Group 3 are solid-liquid-vapour inclusions with a T-h of 200275 C, and contain Ba, Na, Mg, K and Br; and Group 4 are low salinity liquid-vapour inclusions. Group 1, 2 and 4 inclusions are also present in fluorite at E1. The REE geochemistry of fluorite from Monakoff and E1 is comparable and is characterised by a distinct positive Eu anomalies in all analyses, interpreted to indicate oxidising conditions at the time of high temperature ore deposition. The presence of abundant fluorite and barite is indicative of fluid mixing due to the insolubility of barite and fluorite and thus Ba and S, and Ca and F must have been introduced via different fluids. We propose that the oxidised fluid represented by the Group 2 inclusions and containing F, Ba, REE, U and base metals, mixed with a reduced, S-bearing fluid in a zone of dilation in the host shear zone that acted as a conduit for fluid flow during D3 deformation. The source of the metal and F-rich fluid is likely to be the nearby granitic intrusions of the Williams-Naralcu batholith, probably the Malakoff granite. This granite is also likely to be the source of the CO2 represented by Group 1 fluid inclusions, and the REE, U, base metals and possibly Au, although the high Pb and Zn content of Monakoff and not E1 may suggest a local input of those elements at Monakoff. Stage 4 mineralisation overprints the F–Ba stage and is characterised by a Co–As–Au signature. At present it is unclear if this is a late stage, more reduced, evolution of the main ore fluid, or a separate mineralising event entirely
Day-Hospital rehabilitative programs for psychotic patients : a two years follow up study
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