1,721,199 research outputs found
De Finetti's subjectivism, the assessment of probabilities and the evaluation of evidence: a commentary for forensic scientists
No full textLa prova del DNA nella pronuncia della Cassazione sul caso Amanda Knox e Raffaele Sollecito
No full textNell'annullamento della condanna di Amanda Knox e Raffaele Sollecito un ruolo centrale è stato assunto da alcune questioni connesse alla interpretazione delle tracce di DNA. L'articolo si focalizza su alcuni passaggi della sentenza della Corte di Cassazione, con specifico riferimento all'utilizzo e alla valutazione della prova genetica
The subjectivist interpretation of probability and the problem of individualisation in forensic science
No full textThis paper presents and discusses further aspects of the subjectivist interpretation of probability (also known as the ‘personalist’ view of probabilities) as initiated in earlier forensic and legal literature. It shows that operational devices to elicit subjective probabilities – in particular the so-called scoring rules – provide additional arguments in support of the standpoint according to which categorical claims of forensic individualisation do not follow from a formal analysis under that view of probability theory
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Decision-theoretic analysis of forensic sampling criteria using Bayesian decision networks
No full textBayesian classification criterion for forensic multivariate data
No full textThis study presents a classification criteria for two-class Cannabis seedlings. As the cultivation of drug type cannabis is forbidden in Switzerland, law enforcement authorities regularly ask laboratories to determine cannabis plant’s chemotype from seized material in order to ascertain that the plantation is legal or not. In this study, the classification analysis is based on data obtained from the relative proportion of three major leaf compounds measured by gas-chromatography interfaced with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The aim is to discriminate between drug type (illegal) and fiber type (legal) cannabis at an early stage of the growth.
A Bayesian procedure is proposed: a Bayes factor is computed and classification is performed on the basis of the decision maker specifications (i.e. prior probability distributions on cannabis type and consequences of classification measured by losses). Classification rates are computed with two statistical models and results are compared. Sensitivity analysis is then performed to analyze the robustness of classification criteria.

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