1,721,021 research outputs found
Sprayable pharmaceutical compositions for topical application comprising sucralfate gel
No full textA pharmaceutical composition is described comprising sucralfate gel, PVA and optionally a vegetable product comprising tocotrienols and tocopherols. In particular, this composition proved to be suitable for being sprayed, and is advantageously used in the treatment of skin lesions, even deep lesions, such as second-degree burns
Influence of citric acid amount on disintegration of Dome Matrix® modules
No full textIn this work the influence of citric acid amount on the disintegration time of Dome Matrix® module in water was studied. Indeed, the amount of citric acid in the formulation influenced the tablet disintegration mechanism. In fact, tablets with large amount of citric acid (> 20% w/w) underwent erosion instead of disintegration. This was explained based on the high water solubility of citric acid
Therapeutic paints comprising sucralfate gel for treating skin and mucosal lesions
No full textA new therapeutic paint for the topical treatment of orf virus skin infection in sheep is presented in this study. The formulation combines the potent antiviral acyclic nucleoside phosphonate cidofovir (1-(S)-3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propylcytosine, Vistide®) and the wound healing properties of sucralfate gel (sucrose octasulphate basic aluminum salt). Furthermore, the administration was performed by topical spraying making it suitable for veterinary applications.
In this study we present the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments on the therapeutic potential of the spray. In vitro experiments consisted of a physico-chemical characterization of formulation and of delivery device. Experiments demonstrated the necessity of including sodium dihydrogen phosphate in the formulation in order to avoid interaction between the two active ingredients. For in vivo experiments, lambs infected with orf virus were treated with different cidofovir/sucralfate formulations (1% or 0.5% w/w cidofovir + 15%w/w sucralfate) and for comparison with sucralfate gel suspension alone (15% w/w). Results showed that the treatment with both formulations containing cidofovir for four consecutive days resulted in a rapid resolution of the lesions, with scabs containing significantly lower amounts of viable virus when compared with untreated lesions and lesions treated with sucralfate suspension alone
Novel platforms for oral drug delivery
No full textThe aim of this review is to provide the reader general and inspiring prospects on recent and promising fields of innovation in oral drug delivery. Nowadays, inventive drug delivery systems vary from geometrically modified and modular matrices, more close to "classic" pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, to futuristic bio micro-electro-mechanical systems (bioMEMS), based on manufacturing techniques borrowed from electronics and other fields. In these technologies new materials and creative solutions are essential designing intelligent drug delivery systems able to release the required drug at the proper body location with the correct release rate. In particular, oral drug delivery systems of the future are expected to have a significant impact on the treatment of diseases, such as AIDS, cancer, malaria, diabetes requiring complex and multi-drug therapies, as well as on the life of patients, whose age and/or health status make necessary a multiple pharmacological approach. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Targeted Cyclodextrins.
No full textSince 1970s cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives, in virtue of their peculiar inclusion properties, have been proposed as pharmaceutical excipients and have found application in several marketed products. They are deemed unique products since natural and semi-synthetic CDs can modulate the physical, chemical and biopharmaceutical properties of guest molecules, eventually ameliorating critical drug properties such as water solubility, dissolution rate, stability and bioavailability. In addition, cyclodextrins have been studied as functional excipients in controlled release system. The advances in chemical strategies for CDs derivatization along with the exciting results obtained with site selective colloidal drug carriers, namely liposomes and nanoparticles, has brought to development of targeted cyclodextrins. In latest years, cyclodextrins have been regarded not only as simple functional excipients but rather as multifunctional supramolecular carriers. Two requirements have to fulfil to obtain such targeted CDs: 1. conjugation of targeting moieties on the CD scaffold, without impairing their specific recognition of cellular targets: 2. adequate complexation of the guest molecule that have to be efficiently transported to the specific disease site.
In this chapter, a critical overview of some of the most interesting approaches aimed at develop targeted cyclodextrins is presented. Particular emphasis will be dedicated to tumor targeting, a field where selective treatments are strongly required and expectations from targeted therapies are extremely high. The chapter reviews also a number of other modified cyclodextrins developed as molecular carriers designed to attain tissues, organs and body districts where a more specific and efficient treatment is required.
Taking into account the latest evolution of semi-synthetic cyclodextrins, the applications of targeted cyclodextrins will increase in the near future. The new opportunities offered by biotechnology, both in terms of biological targets and potent but fragile bioactive molecules, are expected to sustain the evolution in the pharmaceutical field with targeted delivery systems playing a pivotal role
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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