771 research outputs found
Prompt gamma imaging of a proton pencil beam at clinical current intensities: First test on a prototype and development of a full-size camera
No full textTreatments delivered by proton therapy are affected by uncertainties on the range of the beam within the patient. To reduce these margins and improve feedback on treatment delivery, different projects are investigating real-time range control by imaging prompt gammas emitted along the proton tracks in the patient. This study supports the development of a prompt gamma camera using a knife-edge slit collimator to produce a reversed 1-dimensional projection of the beam path on a scintillation detector for treatments delivered in pencil beam scanning mode. The ability of this camera design to detect modifications of the beam penetration depth in a PMMA target was already demonstrated down to 1 mm accuracy for doses compatible with single pencil beams at low proton beam currents thanks to the HiCam photo-detection system. In order to fulfill the very demanding count rate capability required for prompt gamma imaging at clinical beam currents, a new, dedicated, cost-effective photo-detection system was designed. This 1-dimensional, high-energy gamma imaging device relies on two rows of 20 LYSO crystal slabs, directly coupled to SiPMs' arrays and readout by 40 independent acquisition channels in fast counting mode. A first prototype limited to 20 channels was implemented to benchmark the performances of various components and validate the adequate combination of crystal material, surface treatment, optical coupling and SiPMs. This prototype was tested during proton irradiation at the West German Proton Therapy Centre in Essen at clinical beam currents of several nA at nozzle exit
Application of the HICAM camera for imaging of prompt gamma rays in measurements of proton beam range
No full textThe HICAM gamma camera is an imaging device recently developed in the framework of a European project, based on Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) as photodetectors. Although originally designed for low-energy gamma-ray imaging in nuclear medicine (140 keV of 99mTc), in this work we attempt to use the camera, suitably modified, to image high energy prompt gamma rays (2 to 7 MeV) emitted by a target irradiated by protons. The final objective of our experiment is to assess the feasibility of proton beam range measurements by prompt gamma imaging with a slit camera, and the HICAM camera was chosen for a first prototype. Although a SDD-based camera would not be fast enough for real treatment conditions, the prototype here employed benefited from the camera modularity, compactness, high resolution and low noise. The camera here employed is composed of 25 SDDs of 1 cm 2 active area each, arranged in a 5x5 format, already used in clinical and research environments with a high intrinsic spatial resolution (∼1 mm). The SDD matrix has been coupled to a LYSO crystal (1cm thickness), to improve efficiency with high-energy gammas, and has been characterized preliminarily with a 60Co source. Good imaging performances have been obtained in this test. Moreover, results of a first test of the camera to detect prompt gammas emitted with a proton beam impinging on a plastic target are presented in this work. © 2011 IEEE.SCOPUS: cp.pinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Prompt gamma imaging with a slit camera for real-time range control in proton therapy: Experimental validation up to 230 MeV with HICAM and development of a new prototype
No full textTreatments delivered by proton therapy are affected by uncertainties on the range of the beam within the patient. To reduce these margins and deliver safer treatments, different projects are currently investigating real-time range control by imaging prompt gammas emitted along the proton tracks in the patient. This study reports on the development and test of a prompt gamma camera using a slit collimator to obtain a 1-dimensional projection of the beam path on a scintillator detector. A first prototype slit camera using the HICAM gamma detector, originally developed for low-energy gamma-ray imaging in nuclear medicine and modified for this purpose, was tested successfully up to 230 MeV beam energy. Results now confirm the potential of this concept for real-time range monitoring with millimeter accuracy in pencil beam scanning mode for the whole range of clinical energies. With the experience gained, a new prototype is under study for clinical beam currents. In this work, we present both the profiles obtained at 230 MeV using HICAM and the description of the new gamma camera prototype design
Time-resolved imaging of prompt-gamma rays for proton range verification using a knife-edge slit camera based on digital photon counters
No full textProton range monitoring may facilitate online adaptive proton therapy and improve treatment outcomes. Imaging of proton-induced prompt gamma (PG) rays using a knife-edge slit collimator is currently under investigation as a potential tool for real-time proton range monitoring. A major challenge in collimated PG imaging is the suppression of neutron-induced background counts. In this work, we present an initial performance test of two knife-edge slit camera prototypes based on arrays of digital photon counters (DPCs). PG profiles emitted from a PMMA target upon irradiation with a 160 MeV proton pencil beams (about 6.5 × 109 protons delivered in total) were measured using detector modules equipped with four DPC arrays coupled to BGO or LYSO : Ce crystal matrices. The knife-edge slit collimator and detector module were placed at 15 cm and 30 cm from the beam axis, respectively, in all cases. The use of LYSO : Ce enabled time-of-flight (TOF) rejection of background events, by synchronizing the DPC readout electronics with the 106 MHz radiofrequency signal of the cyclotron. The signal-to-background (S/B) ratio of 1.6 obtained with a 1.5 ns TOF window and a 3 MeV–7 MeV energy window was about 3 times higher than that obtained with the same detector module without TOF discrimination and 2 times higher than the S/B ratio obtained with the BGO module. Even 1 mm shifts of the Bragg peak position translated into clear and consistent shifts of the PG profile if TOF discrimination was applied, for a total number of protons as low as about 6.5 × 10.8 and a detector surface of 6.6 cm × 6.6 cm.Radiation, Science and TechnologyApplied Science
Radiographic and safety details of vertebral body stenting : results from a multicenter chart review
No full textBackground: Up to one third of BKP treated cases shows no appreciable height restoration due to loss of both restored height and kyphotic realignment after balloon deflation. This shortcoming has called for an improved method that maintains the height and realignment reached by the fully inflated balloon until stabilization of the vertebral body by PMMA-based cementation. Restoration of the physiological vertebral body height for pain relief and for preventing further fractures of adjacent and distant vertebral bodies must be the main aim for such a method. A new vertebral body stenting system (VBS) stabilizes the vertebral body after balloon deflation until cementation. The radiographic and safety results of the first 100 cases where VBS was applied are presented.
Methods: During the planning phase of an ongoing international multicenter RCT, radiographic, procedural and followup details were retrospectively transcribed from charts and xrays for developing and testing the case report forms. Radiographs were centrally assessed at the institution of the first/senior author.
Results: 100 patients (62 with osteoporosis) with a total of 103 fractured vertebral bodies were treated with the VBS system. 49 were females with a mean age of 73.2 years; males were 66.7 years old. The mean preoperative anterior-middle-posterior heights were 20.3-17.6-28.0 mm, respectively. The mean local kyphotic angle was 13.1°. The mean preoperative Beck Index (anterior edge height/posterior edge height) was 0.73, the mean alternative Beck Index (middle height/posterior edge height) was 0.63. The mean postoperative heights were restored to 24.5-24.6-30.4 mm, respectively. The mean local kyphotic angle was reduced to 8.9°. The mean postoperative Beck Index was 0.81, the mean alternative one was 0.82. The overall extrusion rate was 29.1%, the symptomatic one was 1%. In the osteoporosis subgroup there were 23.8% extrusions. Within the three months followup interval there were 9% of adjacent and 4% of remote new fractures, all in the osteoporotic group.
Conclusions: VBS showed its strengths especially in realignment of crush and biconcave fractures. Given that fracture mobility is present, the realignment potential is sound and increases with the severity of preoperative vertebral body deformation
Prompt gamma imaging of proton pencil beams at clinical dose rate
No full textIn this work, we present experimental results of a prompt gamma camera for real-time proton beam range verification. The detection system features a pixelated Cerium doped lutetium based scintillation crystal, coupled to Silicon PhotoMultiplier arrays, read out by dedicated electronics. The prompt gamma camera uses a knife-edge slit collimator to produce a 1D projection of the beam path in the target on the scintillation detector. We designed the detector to provide high counting statistics and high photo-detection efficiency for prompt gamma rays of several MeV. The slit design favours the counting statistics and could be advantageous in terms of simplicity, reduced cost and limited footprint. We present the description of the realized gamma camera, as well as the results of the characterization of the camera itself in terms of imaging performance. We also present the results of experiments in which a polymethyl methacrylate phantom was irradiated with proton pencil beams in a proton therapy center. A tungsten slit collimator was used and prompt gamma rays were acquired in the 3–6 MeV energy range. The acquisitions were performed with the beam operated at 100 MeV, 160 MeV and 230 MeV, with beam currents at the nozzle exit of several nA. Measured prompt gamma profiles are consistent with the simulations and we reached a precision (2σ) in shift retrieval of 4 mm with 0.5 × 108, 1.4 × 108 and 3.4 × 108 protons at 100, 160 and 230 MeV, respectively. We conclude that the acquisition of prompt gamma profiles for in vivo range verification of proton beam with the developed gamma camera and a slit collimator is feasible in clinical conditions. The compact design of the camera allows its integration in a proton therapy treatment room and further studies will be undertaken to validate the use of this detection system during treatment of real patients
Status Review of Ion Therapy Monitoring by Prompt Secondary Radiation
No full textPrésentation oraleInternational audiencePrompt radiation induced by nuclear fragmentation is expected to provide real-time in vivo control of ion therapy. Several projects worldwide aim at providing clinical imaging devices in a near future. We propose to make a review on these imaging modalities and on their technical aspects. - Prompt-gamma monitoring has been proposed ten years ago[1], and is being studied by many groups in the world. Although no device is clinically available yet, several solutions are envisaged: - collimated cameras for nuclear gamma rays [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7] or bremsstrahlung [8] offer the advantage of simplified reconstruction, at the expense of an efficiency and a spatial resolution limited by the collimation; - Compton cameras of various designs are also at the stage of reduced-size prototypes[9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]. Their increased efficiency is counterbalanced by a higher complexity to treat high fluxes of data, with possible random coincidences between the detection stages, and by the reconstruction procedure that may delay considerably the control of the irradiation. The influence of Time-of-Flight (TOF) for prompt-gamma detection will be discussed. TOF allows in any case a reduction of secondary radiations induced by neutrons. In the case of carbon therapy, it is mandatory to observe any correlation between ion range and prompt-gamma profile[16],[17]. Depending on the beam time-structure, a beam monitor may be necessary for tagging each incident ion or ion bunch[18]. - secondary proton vertex imaging seems also very promising for carbon therapy, since secondary protons may escape the patient, which is much less probable in the case of proton therapy. Tracking telescopes are used [19], [20], [21]. We will discuss these modalities in terms of counting rates, signal to background ratio, accuracy in ion range verification with and without heterogeneities in the beam path, and their applicability for real-time monitoring. [1] F. Stichelbaut et Y. Jongen, " Verification of the proton beam position in the patient by the detection of prompt-gamma-rays emission ", présenté à 39th meeting of the Particle Therapy Co-Operative Group, San Francisco, 2003. [2] C. Agodi, F. Bellini, G. a. P. Cirrone, F. Collamati, G. Cuttone, E. D. Lucia, M. D. Napoli, A. D. Domenico, R. Faccini, F. Ferroni, S. Fiore, P. Gauzzi, E. Iarocci, M. Marafini, I. Mattei, A. Paoloni, V. Patera, L. Piersanti, F. Romano, A. Sarti, A. Sciubba, et C. Voena, " Precise measurement of prompt photon emission from 80 MeV/u carbon ion beam irradiation ", J. Instrum., vol. 7, no 03, p. P03001, mars 2012. [3] M. Moteabbed, S. España, et H. Paganetti, " Monte Carlo patient study on the comparison of prompt gamma and PET imaging for range verification in proton therapy ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 56, p. 1063‑1082, févr. 2011. [4] M. Testa, M. Bajard, M. Chevallier, D. Dauvergne, N. Freud, P. Henriquet, S. Karkar, F. Foulher, J. M. Létang, R. Plescak, C. Ray, M.-H. Richard, D. Schardt, et E. Testa, " Real-time monitoring of the Bragg-peak position in ion therapy by means of single photon detection ", Radiat. Environ. Biophys., vol. 49, no 3, p. 337‑343, mars 2010. [5] C. H. Min, H. R. Lee, C. H. Kim, et S. B. Lee, " Development of array-type prompt gamma measurement system for in vivo range verification in proton therapy ", Med. Phys., vol. 39, no 4, p. 2100‑2107, 2012. [6] J. Smeets, F. Roellinghoff, D. Prieels, F. Stichelbaut, A. Benilov, P. Busca, C. Fiorini, R. Peloso, M. Basilavecchia, T. Frizzi, J. C. Dehaes, et A. Dubus, " Prompt gamma imaging with a slit camera for real-time range control in proton therapy ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 11, p. 3371‑3405, juin 2012. [7] V. Bom, L. Joulaeizadeh, et F. Beekman, " Real-time prompt gamma monitoring in spot-scanning proton therapy using imaging through a knife-edge-shaped slit ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 2, p. 297, janv. 2012. [8] M. Yamaguchi, K. Torikai, N. Kawachi, H. Shimada, T. Satoh, Y. Nagao, S. Fujimaki, M. Kokubun, S. Watanabe, T. Takahashi, K. Arakawa, T. Kamiya, et T. Nakano, " Beam range estimation by measuring bremsstrahlung ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 10, p. 2843‑2856, mai 2012. [9] S. Kurosawa, H. Kubo, K. Ueno, S. Kabuki, S. Iwaki, M. Takahashi, K. Taniue, N. Higashi, K. Miuchi, T. Tanimori, D. Kim, et J. Kim, " Prompt gamma detection for range verification in proton therapy ", Curr. Appl. Phys., vol. 12, no 2, p. 364‑368, mars 2012. [10] C. H. Kim, J. H. Park, H. Seo, et H. R. Lee, " Gamma electron vertex imaging and application to beam range verification in proton therapy ", Med. Phys., vol. 39, no 2, p. 1001‑1005, 2012. [11] M.-S. Park, W. Lee, et J.-M. Kim, " Estimation of proton distribution by means of three-dimensional reconstruction of prompt gamma rays ", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 97, no 15, p. 153705‑153705‑2, oct. 2010. [12] M.-H. Richard, M. Dahoumane, D. Dauvergne, M. De Rydt, G. Dedes, N. Freud, J. Krimmer, J. M. Letang, X. Lojacono, V. Maxim, G. Montarou, C. Ray, F. Roellinghoff, E. Testa, et A. H. Walenta, " Design Study of the Absorber Detector of a Compton Camera for On-Line Control in Ion Beam Therapy ", Ieee Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 59, no 5, p. 1850 ‑1855, oct. 2012. [13] G. Llosá, J. Cabello, S. Callier, J. E. Gillam, C. Lacasta, M. Rafecas, L. Raux, C. Solaz, V. Stankova, C. de La Taille, M. Trovato, et J. Barrio, " First Compton telescope prototype based on continuous LaBr3-SiPM detectors ", Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip., no 0. [14] T. Kormoll, F. Fiedler, S. Schöne, J. Wüstemann, K. Zuber, et W. Enghardt, " A Compton imager for in-vivo dosimetry of proton beams--A design study ", Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip., vol. 626‑627, p. 114‑119, janv. 2011. [15] D. Robertson, J. C. Polf, S. W. Peterson, M. T. Gillin, et S. Beddar, " Material efficiency studies for a Compton camera designed to measure characteristic prompt gamma rays emitted during proton beam radiotherapy ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 56, no 10, p. 3047‑3059, mai 2011. [16] -, J.-C. Poizat, C. Ray, et M. Testa, " Monitoring the Bragg peak location of 73 MeV∕u carbon ions by means of prompt γ-ray measurements ", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 93, no 9, p. 093506, 2008. [17] A. K. Biegun, E. Seravalli, P. C. Lopes, I. Rinaldi, M. Pinto, D. C. Oxley, P. Dendooven, F. Verhaegen, K. Parodi, P. Crespo, et D. R. Schaart, " Time-of-flight neutron rejection to improve prompt gamma imaging for proton range verification: a simulation study ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 20, p. 6429, oct. 2012. [18] S. Deng, H. Mathez, D. Dauvergne, Y. Zoccarato, et G.-N. Lu, " Front-end multi-channel PMT-associated readout chip for hodoscope application ", Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip., no 0. [19] P. Henriquet, E. Testa, M. Chevallier, D. Dauvergne, G. Dedes, N. Freud, J. Krimmer, J. M. Létang, C. Ray, M.-H. Richard, et F. Sauli, " Interaction vertex imaging (IVI) for carbon ion therapy monitoring: a feasibility study ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 14, p. 4655‑4669, juill. 2012. [20] M. Bucciantonio, U. Amaldi, R. Kieffer, F. Sauli, et D. Watts, " Development of a Fast Proton Range Radiography System for Quality Assurance in Hadrontherapy ", Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip. [21] K. Gwosch, B. Hartmann, J. Jakubek, C. Granja, P. Soukup, O. Jäkel, et M. Martišíková, " Non-invasive monitoring of therapeutic carbon ion beams in a homogeneous phantom by tracking of secondary ions ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 58, no 11, p. 3755‑3773, juin 2013
Status Review of Ion Therapy Monitoring by Prompt Secondary Radiation
No full textPrésentation oraleInternational audiencePrompt radiation induced by nuclear fragmentation is expected to provide real-time in vivo control of ion therapy. Several projects worldwide aim at providing clinical imaging devices in a near future. We propose to make a review on these imaging modalities and on their technical aspects. - Prompt-gamma monitoring has been proposed ten years ago[1], and is being studied by many groups in the world. Although no device is clinically available yet, several solutions are envisaged: - collimated cameras for nuclear gamma rays [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7] or bremsstrahlung [8] offer the advantage of simplified reconstruction, at the expense of an efficiency and a spatial resolution limited by the collimation; - Compton cameras of various designs are also at the stage of reduced-size prototypes[9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]. Their increased efficiency is counterbalanced by a higher complexity to treat high fluxes of data, with possible random coincidences between the detection stages, and by the reconstruction procedure that may delay considerably the control of the irradiation. The influence of Time-of-Flight (TOF) for prompt-gamma detection will be discussed. TOF allows in any case a reduction of secondary radiations induced by neutrons. In the case of carbon therapy, it is mandatory to observe any correlation between ion range and prompt-gamma profile[16],[17]. Depending on the beam time-structure, a beam monitor may be necessary for tagging each incident ion or ion bunch[18]. - secondary proton vertex imaging seems also very promising for carbon therapy, since secondary protons may escape the patient, which is much less probable in the case of proton therapy. Tracking telescopes are used [19], [20], [21]. We will discuss these modalities in terms of counting rates, signal to background ratio, accuracy in ion range verification with and without heterogeneities in the beam path, and their applicability for real-time monitoring. [1] F. Stichelbaut et Y. Jongen, " Verification of the proton beam position in the patient by the detection of prompt-gamma-rays emission ", présenté à 39th meeting of the Particle Therapy Co-Operative Group, San Francisco, 2003. [2] C. Agodi, F. Bellini, G. a. P. Cirrone, F. Collamati, G. Cuttone, E. D. Lucia, M. D. Napoli, A. D. Domenico, R. Faccini, F. Ferroni, S. Fiore, P. Gauzzi, E. Iarocci, M. Marafini, I. Mattei, A. Paoloni, V. Patera, L. Piersanti, F. Romano, A. Sarti, A. Sciubba, et C. Voena, " Precise measurement of prompt photon emission from 80 MeV/u carbon ion beam irradiation ", J. Instrum., vol. 7, no 03, p. P03001, mars 2012. [3] M. Moteabbed, S. España, et H. Paganetti, " Monte Carlo patient study on the comparison of prompt gamma and PET imaging for range verification in proton therapy ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 56, p. 1063‑1082, févr. 2011. [4] M. Testa, M. Bajard, M. Chevallier, D. Dauvergne, N. Freud, P. Henriquet, S. Karkar, F. Foulher, J. M. Létang, R. Plescak, C. Ray, M.-H. Richard, D. Schardt, et E. Testa, " Real-time monitoring of the Bragg-peak position in ion therapy by means of single photon detection ", Radiat. Environ. Biophys., vol. 49, no 3, p. 337‑343, mars 2010. [5] C. H. Min, H. R. Lee, C. H. Kim, et S. B. Lee, " Development of array-type prompt gamma measurement system for in vivo range verification in proton therapy ", Med. Phys., vol. 39, no 4, p. 2100‑2107, 2012. [6] J. Smeets, F. Roellinghoff, D. Prieels, F. Stichelbaut, A. Benilov, P. Busca, C. Fiorini, R. Peloso, M. Basilavecchia, T. Frizzi, J. C. Dehaes, et A. Dubus, " Prompt gamma imaging with a slit camera for real-time range control in proton therapy ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 11, p. 3371‑3405, juin 2012. [7] V. Bom, L. Joulaeizadeh, et F. Beekman, " Real-time prompt gamma monitoring in spot-scanning proton therapy using imaging through a knife-edge-shaped slit ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 2, p. 297, janv. 2012. [8] M. Yamaguchi, K. Torikai, N. Kawachi, H. Shimada, T. Satoh, Y. Nagao, S. Fujimaki, M. Kokubun, S. Watanabe, T. Takahashi, K. Arakawa, T. Kamiya, et T. Nakano, " Beam range estimation by measuring bremsstrahlung ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 10, p. 2843‑2856, mai 2012. [9] S. Kurosawa, H. Kubo, K. Ueno, S. Kabuki, S. Iwaki, M. Takahashi, K. Taniue, N. Higashi, K. Miuchi, T. Tanimori, D. Kim, et J. Kim, " Prompt gamma detection for range verification in proton therapy ", Curr. Appl. Phys., vol. 12, no 2, p. 364‑368, mars 2012. [10] C. H. Kim, J. H. Park, H. Seo, et H. R. Lee, " Gamma electron vertex imaging and application to beam range verification in proton therapy ", Med. Phys., vol. 39, no 2, p. 1001‑1005, 2012. [11] M.-S. Park, W. Lee, et J.-M. Kim, " Estimation of proton distribution by means of three-dimensional reconstruction of prompt gamma rays ", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 97, no 15, p. 153705‑153705‑2, oct. 2010. [12] M.-H. Richard, M. Dahoumane, D. Dauvergne, M. De Rydt, G. Dedes, N. Freud, J. Krimmer, J. M. Letang, X. Lojacono, V. Maxim, G. Montarou, C. Ray, F. Roellinghoff, E. Testa, et A. H. Walenta, " Design Study of the Absorber Detector of a Compton Camera for On-Line Control in Ion Beam Therapy ", Ieee Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 59, no 5, p. 1850 ‑1855, oct. 2012. [13] G. Llosá, J. Cabello, S. Callier, J. E. Gillam, C. Lacasta, M. Rafecas, L. Raux, C. Solaz, V. Stankova, C. de La Taille, M. Trovato, et J. Barrio, " First Compton telescope prototype based on continuous LaBr3-SiPM detectors ", Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip., no 0. [14] T. Kormoll, F. Fiedler, S. Schöne, J. Wüstemann, K. Zuber, et W. Enghardt, " A Compton imager for in-vivo dosimetry of proton beams--A design study ", Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip., vol. 626‑627, p. 114‑119, janv. 2011. [15] D. Robertson, J. C. Polf, S. W. Peterson, M. T. Gillin, et S. Beddar, " Material efficiency studies for a Compton camera designed to measure characteristic prompt gamma rays emitted during proton beam radiotherapy ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 56, no 10, p. 3047‑3059, mai 2011. [16] -, J.-C. Poizat, C. Ray, et M. Testa, " Monitoring the Bragg peak location of 73 MeV∕u carbon ions by means of prompt γ-ray measurements ", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 93, no 9, p. 093506, 2008. [17] A. K. Biegun, E. Seravalli, P. C. Lopes, I. Rinaldi, M. Pinto, D. C. Oxley, P. Dendooven, F. Verhaegen, K. Parodi, P. Crespo, et D. R. Schaart, " Time-of-flight neutron rejection to improve prompt gamma imaging for proton range verification: a simulation study ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 20, p. 6429, oct. 2012. [18] S. Deng, H. Mathez, D. Dauvergne, Y. Zoccarato, et G.-N. Lu, " Front-end multi-channel PMT-associated readout chip for hodoscope application ", Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip., no 0. [19] P. Henriquet, E. Testa, M. Chevallier, D. Dauvergne, G. Dedes, N. Freud, J. Krimmer, J. M. Létang, C. Ray, M.-H. Richard, et F. Sauli, " Interaction vertex imaging (IVI) for carbon ion therapy monitoring: a feasibility study ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 14, p. 4655‑4669, juill. 2012. [20] M. Bucciantonio, U. Amaldi, R. Kieffer, F. Sauli, et D. Watts, " Development of a Fast Proton Range Radiography System for Quality Assurance in Hadrontherapy ", Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip. [21] K. Gwosch, B. Hartmann, J. Jakubek, C. Granja, P. Soukup, O. Jäkel, et M. Martišíková, " Non-invasive monitoring of therapeutic carbon ion beams in a homogeneous phantom by tracking of secondary ions ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 58, no 11, p. 3755‑3773, juin 2013
Status Review of Ion Therapy Monitoring by Prompt Secondary Radiation
No full textPrésentation oraleInternational audiencePrompt radiation induced by nuclear fragmentation is expected to provide real-time in vivo control of ion therapy. Several projects worldwide aim at providing clinical imaging devices in a near future. We propose to make a review on these imaging modalities and on their technical aspects. - Prompt-gamma monitoring has been proposed ten years ago[1], and is being studied by many groups in the world. Although no device is clinically available yet, several solutions are envisaged: - collimated cameras for nuclear gamma rays [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7] or bremsstrahlung [8] offer the advantage of simplified reconstruction, at the expense of an efficiency and a spatial resolution limited by the collimation; - Compton cameras of various designs are also at the stage of reduced-size prototypes[9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]. Their increased efficiency is counterbalanced by a higher complexity to treat high fluxes of data, with possible random coincidences between the detection stages, and by the reconstruction procedure that may delay considerably the control of the irradiation. The influence of Time-of-Flight (TOF) for prompt-gamma detection will be discussed. TOF allows in any case a reduction of secondary radiations induced by neutrons. In the case of carbon therapy, it is mandatory to observe any correlation between ion range and prompt-gamma profile[16],[17]. Depending on the beam time-structure, a beam monitor may be necessary for tagging each incident ion or ion bunch[18]. - secondary proton vertex imaging seems also very promising for carbon therapy, since secondary protons may escape the patient, which is much less probable in the case of proton therapy. Tracking telescopes are used [19], [20], [21]. We will discuss these modalities in terms of counting rates, signal to background ratio, accuracy in ion range verification with and without heterogeneities in the beam path, and their applicability for real-time monitoring. [1] F. Stichelbaut et Y. Jongen, " Verification of the proton beam position in the patient by the detection of prompt-gamma-rays emission ", présenté à 39th meeting of the Particle Therapy Co-Operative Group, San Francisco, 2003. [2] C. Agodi, F. Bellini, G. a. P. Cirrone, F. Collamati, G. Cuttone, E. D. Lucia, M. D. Napoli, A. D. Domenico, R. Faccini, F. Ferroni, S. Fiore, P. Gauzzi, E. Iarocci, M. Marafini, I. Mattei, A. Paoloni, V. Patera, L. Piersanti, F. Romano, A. Sarti, A. Sciubba, et C. Voena, " Precise measurement of prompt photon emission from 80 MeV/u carbon ion beam irradiation ", J. Instrum., vol. 7, no 03, p. P03001, mars 2012. [3] M. Moteabbed, S. España, et H. Paganetti, " Monte Carlo patient study on the comparison of prompt gamma and PET imaging for range verification in proton therapy ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 56, p. 1063‑1082, févr. 2011. [4] M. Testa, M. Bajard, M. Chevallier, D. Dauvergne, N. Freud, P. Henriquet, S. Karkar, F. Foulher, J. M. Létang, R. Plescak, C. Ray, M.-H. Richard, D. Schardt, et E. Testa, " Real-time monitoring of the Bragg-peak position in ion therapy by means of single photon detection ", Radiat. Environ. Biophys., vol. 49, no 3, p. 337‑343, mars 2010. [5] C. H. Min, H. R. Lee, C. H. Kim, et S. B. Lee, " Development of array-type prompt gamma measurement system for in vivo range verification in proton therapy ", Med. Phys., vol. 39, no 4, p. 2100‑2107, 2012. [6] J. Smeets, F. Roellinghoff, D. Prieels, F. Stichelbaut, A. Benilov, P. Busca, C. Fiorini, R. Peloso, M. Basilavecchia, T. Frizzi, J. C. Dehaes, et A. Dubus, " Prompt gamma imaging with a slit camera for real-time range control in proton therapy ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 11, p. 3371‑3405, juin 2012. [7] V. Bom, L. Joulaeizadeh, et F. Beekman, " Real-time prompt gamma monitoring in spot-scanning proton therapy using imaging through a knife-edge-shaped slit ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 2, p. 297, janv. 2012. [8] M. Yamaguchi, K. Torikai, N. Kawachi, H. Shimada, T. Satoh, Y. Nagao, S. Fujimaki, M. Kokubun, S. Watanabe, T. Takahashi, K. Arakawa, T. Kamiya, et T. Nakano, " Beam range estimation by measuring bremsstrahlung ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 10, p. 2843‑2856, mai 2012. [9] S. Kurosawa, H. Kubo, K. Ueno, S. Kabuki, S. Iwaki, M. Takahashi, K. Taniue, N. Higashi, K. Miuchi, T. Tanimori, D. Kim, et J. Kim, " Prompt gamma detection for range verification in proton therapy ", Curr. Appl. Phys., vol. 12, no 2, p. 364‑368, mars 2012. [10] C. H. Kim, J. H. Park, H. Seo, et H. R. Lee, " Gamma electron vertex imaging and application to beam range verification in proton therapy ", Med. Phys., vol. 39, no 2, p. 1001‑1005, 2012. [11] M.-S. Park, W. Lee, et J.-M. Kim, " Estimation of proton distribution by means of three-dimensional reconstruction of prompt gamma rays ", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 97, no 15, p. 153705‑153705‑2, oct. 2010. [12] M.-H. Richard, M. Dahoumane, D. Dauvergne, M. De Rydt, G. Dedes, N. Freud, J. Krimmer, J. M. Letang, X. Lojacono, V. Maxim, G. Montarou, C. Ray, F. Roellinghoff, E. Testa, et A. H. Walenta, " Design Study of the Absorber Detector of a Compton Camera for On-Line Control in Ion Beam Therapy ", Ieee Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 59, no 5, p. 1850 ‑1855, oct. 2012. [13] G. Llosá, J. Cabello, S. Callier, J. E. Gillam, C. Lacasta, M. Rafecas, L. Raux, C. Solaz, V. Stankova, C. de La Taille, M. Trovato, et J. Barrio, " First Compton telescope prototype based on continuous LaBr3-SiPM detectors ", Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip., no 0. [14] T. Kormoll, F. Fiedler, S. Schöne, J. Wüstemann, K. Zuber, et W. Enghardt, " A Compton imager for in-vivo dosimetry of proton beams--A design study ", Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip., vol. 626‑627, p. 114‑119, janv. 2011. [15] D. Robertson, J. C. Polf, S. W. Peterson, M. T. Gillin, et S. Beddar, " Material efficiency studies for a Compton camera designed to measure characteristic prompt gamma rays emitted during proton beam radiotherapy ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 56, no 10, p. 3047‑3059, mai 2011. [16] -, J.-C. Poizat, C. Ray, et M. Testa, " Monitoring the Bragg peak location of 73 MeV∕u carbon ions by means of prompt γ-ray measurements ", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 93, no 9, p. 093506, 2008. [17] A. K. Biegun, E. Seravalli, P. C. Lopes, I. Rinaldi, M. Pinto, D. C. Oxley, P. Dendooven, F. Verhaegen, K. Parodi, P. Crespo, et D. R. Schaart, " Time-of-flight neutron rejection to improve prompt gamma imaging for proton range verification: a simulation study ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 20, p. 6429, oct. 2012. [18] S. Deng, H. Mathez, D. Dauvergne, Y. Zoccarato, et G.-N. Lu, " Front-end multi-channel PMT-associated readout chip for hodoscope application ", Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip., no 0. [19] P. Henriquet, E. Testa, M. Chevallier, D. Dauvergne, G. Dedes, N. Freud, J. Krimmer, J. M. Létang, C. Ray, M.-H. Richard, et F. Sauli, " Interaction vertex imaging (IVI) for carbon ion therapy monitoring: a feasibility study ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 14, p. 4655‑4669, juill. 2012. [20] M. Bucciantonio, U. Amaldi, R. Kieffer, F. Sauli, et D. Watts, " Development of a Fast Proton Range Radiography System for Quality Assurance in Hadrontherapy ", Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip. [21] K. Gwosch, B. Hartmann, J. Jakubek, C. Granja, P. Soukup, O. Jäkel, et M. Martišíková, " Non-invasive monitoring of therapeutic carbon ion beams in a homogeneous phantom by tracking of secondary ions ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 58, no 11, p. 3755‑3773, juin 2013
Status Review of Ion Therapy Monitoring by Prompt Secondary Radiation
No full textPrésentation oraleInternational audiencePrompt radiation induced by nuclear fragmentation is expected to provide real-time in vivo control of ion therapy. Several projects worldwide aim at providing clinical imaging devices in a near future. We propose to make a review on these imaging modalities and on their technical aspects. - Prompt-gamma monitoring has been proposed ten years ago[1], and is being studied by many groups in the world. Although no device is clinically available yet, several solutions are envisaged: - collimated cameras for nuclear gamma rays [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7] or bremsstrahlung [8] offer the advantage of simplified reconstruction, at the expense of an efficiency and a spatial resolution limited by the collimation; - Compton cameras of various designs are also at the stage of reduced-size prototypes[9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]. Their increased efficiency is counterbalanced by a higher complexity to treat high fluxes of data, with possible random coincidences between the detection stages, and by the reconstruction procedure that may delay considerably the control of the irradiation. The influence of Time-of-Flight (TOF) for prompt-gamma detection will be discussed. TOF allows in any case a reduction of secondary radiations induced by neutrons. In the case of carbon therapy, it is mandatory to observe any correlation between ion range and prompt-gamma profile[16],[17]. Depending on the beam time-structure, a beam monitor may be necessary for tagging each incident ion or ion bunch[18]. - secondary proton vertex imaging seems also very promising for carbon therapy, since secondary protons may escape the patient, which is much less probable in the case of proton therapy. Tracking telescopes are used [19], [20], [21]. We will discuss these modalities in terms of counting rates, signal to background ratio, accuracy in ion range verification with and without heterogeneities in the beam path, and their applicability for real-time monitoring. [1] F. Stichelbaut et Y. Jongen, " Verification of the proton beam position in the patient by the detection of prompt-gamma-rays emission ", présenté à 39th meeting of the Particle Therapy Co-Operative Group, San Francisco, 2003. [2] C. Agodi, F. Bellini, G. a. P. Cirrone, F. Collamati, G. Cuttone, E. D. Lucia, M. D. Napoli, A. D. Domenico, R. Faccini, F. Ferroni, S. Fiore, P. Gauzzi, E. Iarocci, M. Marafini, I. Mattei, A. Paoloni, V. Patera, L. Piersanti, F. Romano, A. Sarti, A. Sciubba, et C. Voena, " Precise measurement of prompt photon emission from 80 MeV/u carbon ion beam irradiation ", J. Instrum., vol. 7, no 03, p. P03001, mars 2012. [3] M. Moteabbed, S. España, et H. Paganetti, " Monte Carlo patient study on the comparison of prompt gamma and PET imaging for range verification in proton therapy ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 56, p. 1063‑1082, févr. 2011. [4] M. Testa, M. Bajard, M. Chevallier, D. Dauvergne, N. Freud, P. Henriquet, S. Karkar, F. Foulher, J. M. Létang, R. Plescak, C. Ray, M.-H. Richard, D. Schardt, et E. Testa, " Real-time monitoring of the Bragg-peak position in ion therapy by means of single photon detection ", Radiat. Environ. Biophys., vol. 49, no 3, p. 337‑343, mars 2010. [5] C. H. Min, H. R. Lee, C. H. Kim, et S. B. Lee, " Development of array-type prompt gamma measurement system for in vivo range verification in proton therapy ", Med. Phys., vol. 39, no 4, p. 2100‑2107, 2012. [6] J. Smeets, F. Roellinghoff, D. Prieels, F. Stichelbaut, A. Benilov, P. Busca, C. Fiorini, R. Peloso, M. Basilavecchia, T. Frizzi, J. C. Dehaes, et A. Dubus, " Prompt gamma imaging with a slit camera for real-time range control in proton therapy ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 11, p. 3371‑3405, juin 2012. [7] V. Bom, L. Joulaeizadeh, et F. Beekman, " Real-time prompt gamma monitoring in spot-scanning proton therapy using imaging through a knife-edge-shaped slit ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 2, p. 297, janv. 2012. [8] M. Yamaguchi, K. Torikai, N. Kawachi, H. Shimada, T. Satoh, Y. Nagao, S. Fujimaki, M. Kokubun, S. Watanabe, T. Takahashi, K. Arakawa, T. Kamiya, et T. Nakano, " Beam range estimation by measuring bremsstrahlung ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 10, p. 2843‑2856, mai 2012. [9] S. Kurosawa, H. Kubo, K. Ueno, S. Kabuki, S. Iwaki, M. Takahashi, K. Taniue, N. Higashi, K. Miuchi, T. Tanimori, D. Kim, et J. Kim, " Prompt gamma detection for range verification in proton therapy ", Curr. Appl. Phys., vol. 12, no 2, p. 364‑368, mars 2012. [10] C. H. Kim, J. H. Park, H. Seo, et H. R. Lee, " Gamma electron vertex imaging and application to beam range verification in proton therapy ", Med. Phys., vol. 39, no 2, p. 1001‑1005, 2012. [11] M.-S. Park, W. Lee, et J.-M. Kim, " Estimation of proton distribution by means of three-dimensional reconstruction of prompt gamma rays ", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 97, no 15, p. 153705‑153705‑2, oct. 2010. [12] M.-H. Richard, M. Dahoumane, D. Dauvergne, M. De Rydt, G. Dedes, N. Freud, J. Krimmer, J. M. Letang, X. Lojacono, V. Maxim, G. Montarou, C. Ray, F. Roellinghoff, E. Testa, et A. H. Walenta, " Design Study of the Absorber Detector of a Compton Camera for On-Line Control in Ion Beam Therapy ", Ieee Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 59, no 5, p. 1850 ‑1855, oct. 2012. [13] G. Llosá, J. Cabello, S. Callier, J. E. Gillam, C. Lacasta, M. Rafecas, L. Raux, C. Solaz, V. Stankova, C. de La Taille, M. Trovato, et J. Barrio, " First Compton telescope prototype based on continuous LaBr3-SiPM detectors ", Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip., no 0. [14] T. Kormoll, F. Fiedler, S. Schöne, J. Wüstemann, K. Zuber, et W. Enghardt, " A Compton imager for in-vivo dosimetry of proton beams--A design study ", Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip., vol. 626‑627, p. 114‑119, janv. 2011. [15] D. Robertson, J. C. Polf, S. W. Peterson, M. T. Gillin, et S. Beddar, " Material efficiency studies for a Compton camera designed to measure characteristic prompt gamma rays emitted during proton beam radiotherapy ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 56, no 10, p. 3047‑3059, mai 2011. [16] -, J.-C. Poizat, C. Ray, et M. Testa, " Monitoring the Bragg peak location of 73 MeV∕u carbon ions by means of prompt γ-ray measurements ", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 93, no 9, p. 093506, 2008. [17] A. K. Biegun, E. Seravalli, P. C. Lopes, I. Rinaldi, M. Pinto, D. C. Oxley, P. Dendooven, F. Verhaegen, K. Parodi, P. Crespo, et D. R. Schaart, " Time-of-flight neutron rejection to improve prompt gamma imaging for proton range verification: a simulation study ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 20, p. 6429, oct. 2012. [18] S. Deng, H. Mathez, D. Dauvergne, Y. Zoccarato, et G.-N. Lu, " Front-end multi-channel PMT-associated readout chip for hodoscope application ", Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip., no 0. [19] P. Henriquet, E. Testa, M. Chevallier, D. Dauvergne, G. Dedes, N. Freud, J. Krimmer, J. M. Létang, C. Ray, M.-H. Richard, et F. Sauli, " Interaction vertex imaging (IVI) for carbon ion therapy monitoring: a feasibility study ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 57, no 14, p. 4655‑4669, juill. 2012. [20] M. Bucciantonio, U. Amaldi, R. Kieffer, F. Sauli, et D. Watts, " Development of a Fast Proton Range Radiography System for Quality Assurance in Hadrontherapy ", Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip. [21] K. Gwosch, B. Hartmann, J. Jakubek, C. Granja, P. Soukup, O. Jäkel, et M. Martišíková, " Non-invasive monitoring of therapeutic carbon ion beams in a homogeneous phantom by tracking of secondary ions ", Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 58, no 11, p. 3755‑3773, juin 2013
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