2,339 research outputs found
Predicting loss in magnetic steels under arbitrary induction waveform and with minor hysteresis loops
No full textWe have studied ways of predicting power losses in soft magnetic laminations for generic time dependence of the periodic magnetic polarization J(t). We found that, whatever the frequency and the induction waveform, the loss behavior can be quantitatively assessed within the theoretical framework of the statistical loss model. The prediction requires a limited set of preemptive experimental data, depending on whether or not the arbitrary J(t) waveform is endowed with local slope inversions (i.e., minor hysteresis loops) in its periodic time behavior. In the absence of minor loops, such data reduce, for any peak polarization value Jp, to the loss figures obtained under sinusoidal J(t) at two different frequency values. In the presence of minor loops of semiamplitude Jm, the two-frequency loss experiment should be carried out for both peak polarization values Jp and Jm. Additional knowledge of the quasi-static major loop, to be used for modeling hysteresis loss, does improve the accuracy of the prediction method. A more general approach to loss in soft magnetic laminations is obtained in this way, the only limitation apparently being the onset of skin effect at high frequencie
Recent Developments in the ATLAS Pixel Detector
No full textSilicon pixel detectors, developed to meet LHC requirementswere tested in 1998 and 1999 within the Atlas collaboration in the H8 beam test at CERN. Different sensor designs have been developed and studied using an analog front end electronics chip. In this work a detailed experimental study of the overall performanceof both irradiated and not irradiated detectors for the different designs is presented, with special emphasis to efficiency, charge collection and resolution measurements.Behaviour of detectors in a magnetic field is also discussed
F. W. Carter, Dubrovnik (Ragusa), a Classic City-State
No full textDalmasso Etienne. F. W. Carter, Dubrovnik (Ragusa), a Classic City-State. In: Annales de Géographie, t. 83, n°459, 1974. pp. 598-599
Spillovers from high-skill consumption to low-skill labor markets
No full textThe least-skilled workforce in the United States is disproportionally employed in the provision of time-intensive services that can be thought of as market-substitutes for home production activities. At the same time, skilled workers–with their high opportunity cost of time–spend a larger fraction of their budget in these services.
Given the skill asymmetry between consumers and providers in this market, product demand shifts–such as those arising when relative skilled wages increase–should boost relative labor demand for the least-skilled workforce. We estimate that this channel may explain one-third of the growth of employment of non-college workers in low-skill services in the 1990s
Th1 chemokines in ulcerative colitis
No full textMany studies have shown that chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)3 (a chemokine receptor in the CXC family) and its ligand chemokines, monokine induced by interferon (IFN)-γ(MIG), IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and IFN-inducible T-cell α chemoattractant (I-TAC), are strongly overexpressed in the intestinal mucosa of mice with experimental colitis, and in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) both in lymphocytes, in macrophages and in epithelial cells. IFN-γ induces CXCR3 and its chemokines expression in epithelial colonic cells; MIG, IP-10 and I-TAC are important for the recruitment of granulocytes and mononuclear cells and thus for the maintenance of inflammation in UC. Serum IP-10 levels reflected UC disease activity, and it may be a marker for the responsiveness of patients to treatments. Recently, a phase II study suggested that an anti-IP-10 antibody, BMS-936557, is a potentially effective therapy for moderately-to-severely active UC
Sarcoidosis and Th1 chemokines
No full textMany studies have shown high levels of the chemokine Interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and its chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR) 3, expressed on Type-1 helper (Th1) lymphocytes, in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and biopsy samples of patients with sarcoidosis. The levels of IP-10 and the other CXCR3 ligands, Monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG) and Interferon-inducible T-cell α chemoattractant (I-TAC), in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were correlated with the numbers of both total and CD4(+) lymphocytes. Alveolar macrophages were stained positive for all CXCR3 ligands and produced increased amounts of these chemokines. This positive staining was also observed in the epithelioid and giant cells in the sarcoid lungs. These findings suggest that IP-10, MIG and I-TAC play important roles in the accumulation of Th1 lymphocytes in sarcoid lungs. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that circulating IP-10 levels correlated with measures of disease severity in sarcoidosis, and that its serial measurements corresponded to the clinical course of the disease, suggesting that IP-10 is a potentially useful biomarker of sarcoidosis and its severity
MIG chemokine in systemic sclerosis. MIG in Systemic sclerosis
No full textSeveral studies have proposed in Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients that the monokine induced by interferon (IFN)-γ(MIG)/chemokine receptor (CXCR)3 axis has a determinant role in the autoimmune process and in fibrosis. Elevated MIG levels were linked to a more severe clinical phenotype, with kidney, lung and thyroid involvement. Then MIG could be considered a marker of a more aggressive autoimmune process. In vitro, SSc fibroblasts have different kinds of dysregulation in the secretion of MIG, once treated with cytokines (as interferons). Moreover, MIG has been suggested as a serologic marker of a more severe SSc form, so it could be useful for the risk stratification of SSc patients
Sarcoidosis and the Th1 chemokine MIG
No full textSarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease, affecting any organ, and that can be discovered by accident in approximately 5% of cases. High levels of the type-1 helper (Th1)-dependent chemokine, monokine induced by interferon (IFN)-γ (MIG)/chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)9, and its receptor CXCR3 have been reported in bronchoalveolar lavage and biopsy samples of patients with sarcoidosis. These elevated levels are related with the amount of CD4+ lymphocytes and total lymphocytes. Alveolar macrophages resulted stained positive for all CXCR3 ligands and produced elevated levels of these chemokines. It has been shown that the epithelioid and giant cells of the sarcoid lungs were stained positive for MIG, IFN-inducible T-cell α chemoattractant (I-TAC) and IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), suggesting that MIG plays an important role in the accumulation of Th1 lymphocytes in sarcoid lungs. In addition, serum levels of MIG were related with the severity of the disease, and a correlation between the serial measurements of MIG and the clinical course of the disease was shown, indicating MIG as a potentially useful biomarker of sarcoidosis and its severity
Dermatomyositis and MIG
No full textSeveral studies demonstrated the presence of an elevated expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)9/monokine induced by interferon (IFN)-γ (MIG) on macrophages and in T cells in perimysial infiltrates of patients with dermatomyositis (DM), and of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)3 expression on the majority of T cells in the same patients. This underlines the importance of T helper 1-mediated immunity, and in particular the MIG/CXCR3 interaction, in the immunopathogenesis of DM. The importance of MIG has been confirmed by a study on patients with DM about the presence of chemokines and their receptors in infiltrating cells at the level of lesional skin. This study showed that type I IFN chemokines, in particular MIG, are firmly related with the active disease and its clinical score in juvenile DM, suggesting the importance of chemokines trend in monitoring disease activity and in the treatment indication
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