1,197 research outputs found
Regards croisés sur la maternité. Les 1001 façons de devenir mère.
No full textSi les composantes biologiques de la reproduction humaine sont
universelles, l’expérience de la maternité considérée sous ses aspects
individuels et collectifs est, quant à elle, plutôt diversifiée. Les
pratiques et les significations qui s’établissent autour de la naissance
assument formes et contenus différents à travers toutes sociétés et
varient au sein d’une même communauté. Or, ces différentes modalités
de concevoir l’enfantement apparaissent toutefois guidées par un même
souci universel : la crainte de la vulnérabilité maternelle et la nécessité
d’assurer une place à l’enfant dans la filiation.
Les communautés, afin d’assurer la transition de rôle de la femme
et de l’enfant, tout en se préoccupant de préserver leur santé physique
et leur bien-être psychosocial, ont mis en place, chacune à sa façon,
nombre de pratiques et de rituels. Ainsi, il se trouve que chaque société,
dans un temps donné, a des convictions bien arrêtées sur celle qui
est considérée la meilleure façon de mettre des enfants au monde et
dans le monde. La grossesse, l’accouchement et la construction de la
parentalité sont, évidemment, des événements profondément intimes,
intrapsychiques et intersubjectifs mais ils sont, de façon tout aussi
évidente, des faits techniques, sociaux, culturels et médicaux. Les études
anthropologiques ainsi que la clinique transculturelle ont bien montré
que la compréhension du bien-être des parents et des enfants dans la
transition à la parentalité ne peut passer que par la compréhension de
ces liens réciproques qui unissent inéluctablement l’individu (et son
fonctionnement psychique) au milieu dans lequel il évolue (que nous
pouvons nommer « culture » au sens anthropologique du terme)
Clinical Features Associated with Delirium Motor Subtypes in Older Inpatients: Results of a Multicenter Study.
No full text
Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Cardioprotection in Alzheimer's Disease
No full textAlzheimer's disease is a life shortening disease, and the lack of disease modifying therapy implies a huge impact on life expectancy as well as an outgrowing financial and socioeconomic burden. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) represent the first line symptomatic therapy, whose benefit to harm ratio is still a matter of debate. Acetylcholinesterase enzyme is a core interest for pharmacological and toxicological research to unmask the fine balance between therapeutic drug efficacy, tolerability, safety, and detrimental effects up to adverse drug reaction. So far, a body of evidence advocated that an increased vagal tone was associated to an increased risk of gastrointestinal and cardiac side effects (negative chronotropic, arrhytmogenic, hypotensive effects), able to hamper ChEIs effects on cognition, reducing administration feasibility and compliance, especially in older and comorbid patients. Conversely, a growing body of evidence is indicating a protective role of ChEIs on overall cardiovascular mortality in patients with dementia, through a series of in vitro and in vivo investigations. The present review is aimed to report the up to date literature in the controversial field of ChEIs and cardioprotection in dementia, offering a state of the art, which may constitute the conceptual framework to be enlarged in order to build higher evidence. Chronic vagal nerve stimulation acted upon by donepezil might improve long term survival through pharmacological properties apart from cholinesterase inhibition, able to offer cardioprotection, abating the overall cardiovascular risk, and, thus profiling a new line of therapeutic intervention for ChEI drug class
Putting Up a Good Fight: The Galí-Monacelli Model versus “The Six Major Puzzles in International Macroeconomics”
No full textIn this paper, the following question is posed: Can the New Keynesian Open Economy Model by Galí and Monacelli (2005b) explain “Six Major Puzzles in International Macroeconomics”, as documented in Obstfeld and Rogoff (2000b)? The model features a small open economy with complete markets, Calvo sticky prices and monopolistic competition. As extensions, I explore the effects of an estimated Taylor rule and additional trade costs. After translating the six puzzles into moment conditions for the model, I estimate the five most effective parameters using simulated method of moments (SMM) to fit the moment conditions implied by the data. Given the simplicity of the model, its fit is surprisingly good: among other things, the home bias puzzles can easily be replicated, the exchange rate volatility is formidably increased and the exchange rate correlation pattern is relatively close to realistic values. Trade costs are one important ingredient for this finding.International Macroeconomics, New Keynesian open economy model, trade costs, simulated method of moments (SMM)
Wigner Gaussian dynamics. Simulating the anharmonic and quantum ionic motion
No full textThe atomic motion controls important properties of materials, such as thermal transport, phase transitions, and vibrational spectra. However, simulating the ionic dynamics is exceptionally challenging when quantum fluctuations are relevant (e.g., at low temperatures or with light atoms) and the energy landscape is anharmonic. In this paper, we present the time-dependent self-consistent harmonic approximation (TDSCHA) [L. Monacelli and F. Mauri, Phys. Rev. B 103, 104305 (2021)] in the Wigner framework, paving the way for the efficient computation of the nuclear motion in systems with sizable quantum and thermal anharmonic fluctuations. Besides the improved numerical efficiency, the Wigner formalism unveils the classical limit of TDSCHA and provides a link with the many-body perturbation theory of Feynman diagrams. We further extend the method to account for the nonlinear couplings between phonons and photons, responsible, e.g., for a nonvanishing Raman signal in high-symmetry Raman inactive crystals, firstly discussed by Rasetti and Fermi. We benchmark the method in phase III of high-pressure hydrogen ab initio. The nonlinear photon-phonon coupling reshapes the IR spectra and explains the high-frequency shoulder of the H2 vibron observed in experiments. The Wigner TDSCHA is computationally cheap and derived from first principles. It is unbiased by assumptions on the phonon-phonon and phonon-photon scattering and does not depend on empirical parameters. Therefore, the method can be adopted in unsupervised high-throughput calculations
Prevalence of osteosarcodynapenia in elderly setting in Nursing Home and transitional care: QUS and HG as clinical risk predictors
No full textBackground: Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are prevalent chronic diseases in elderly associated with increased morbidity, disability, mortality and outgrowing socio economic burden.1)
The demography of aging addresses the focus on effective screening and primary preventive strategies to cope with osteo-sarco-dynapenia in order to decrease the incidence of bone fracture as well as to restrain their overall socioeconomic burden.
Objectives: The present study enrolled 50 patients admitted to a transitional care hospital (S.Martino Hospital in Genoa) and set in institutional care (Nursing Home of Genoa) to estimate the prevalence of osteo-sarco-dynapenia through the assessment of quantitative bone ultrasonography (QUS Ge Achilles Lunar) and isometric dynamometer (HG: Hand Grip Strength test) as clinical risk predictors in the examined population.
Methods: The features of patients are reported as follow: 35F e 15M with a mean age of 87,6±1,02 years; a mean comorbidity of 3,8±0,2 diseases; previous hip fracture n23 (46%); mean polypharmacy 8,3±0,35 drugs. All the examined patients were submitted to heel ultrasonography assessment (QUS) for osteoporosis and hand grip test (HG) to assess muscle strength.
All data are presented as mean ±of standard error and linear and non linear regression analysis;
p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The results of the present study are listed as follow:
HG, Kg:
Non fractured subjects: mean 14,3±1 (age adjusted reference >85 yrs: M 22.8-31.3; F 12.9-16.2)
Fractured subjects : mean 11±2 (age adjusted reference >85yrs :M 22.8-31.3; F 12.9-16.2)
QUS:
T-score: mean -4,3± 0,23 ( reference score T score -1.8)
According to literature, the data showed a significant negative correlation between aging and HG
(r=-0.332; p<0.05) and respectively a significant positive correlation between BUA (broad ultrasound attenuation) and HG (r=0.39;p<0.01) and T score e HG (r=0.354;p<0.05).
Conclusions: The study showed the overall prevalence of osteo-sarco-dynapenia in the examined population as well as the effectiveness of QUS and HG as clinical risk predictors.2)
Their handiness, feasibility as non invasive tools strongly recommend their application in the geriatric population particularly in residential setting in order to plan extensive screening programs to act effective primary preventive measures.
References
1) Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, Jacobsen SJ. Population-based study of survival after osteoporotc fractures. American Journal of Epidemiology.1993;137:1001-1005.
2) Marin F, Gonzales-Marcias J, Diez-Perez A. Relationship between bone quantitative ultrasound and fractures: a metanalysis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research.2006;21:1126-1135
Lower leg impactor’s knee joint modellation for pedestrian test simulation using explicit codes
No full textNew Methodologies to study in a Virtual Reality Centre the automotive behaviour during different Crash Tests
No full text- …
