1,721,073 research outputs found
SEDENTARINESS AND EDUCATION CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES IN NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
No full textIn Europe, the main non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases,
cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and mental disorders, all together account for an estimated 86% of the
deaths and 77% of the disease burden. Of the six WHO regions, Europe is the most affected by NCDs [1].
The detection and control of physiological and behavioral risk factors (BRFs) remain the essential preventive
strategy to counteract not only the average population’s exposure to the main NCDs, but also socioeconomic
inequalities, which are related to chronic diseases.
The scope of this work is to investigate socioeconomic inequalities among the European elderly in NCDs
and BRFs for NCDs, namely tobacco consumption, obesity, unhealthy nutrition and physical inactivity,
between 2004 and 2015
MISURARE LE DISUGUAGLIANZE SOCIO-ECONOMICHE NELLE MALATTIE CRONICHE IN RELAZIONE ALLO STILE DI VITA
Full text linkIn Europa, le principali malattie non trasmissibili (MNT), comprendono il diabete, le malattie cardiovascolari, il cancro, le malattie respiratorie croniche e i disturbi mentali, e rappresentano complessivamente circa l'86% delle morti e il 77% della spesa sanitaria. Delle sei regioni dell'OMS, la regione europea è quella più colpita dalle MNT (WHO, 2014). È stato dimostrato che almeno l'80% di tutte le malattie cardiache, ictus e diabete di tipo 2 e almeno un terzo dei casi di cancro sono evitabili (WHO, 2013). La strategia di sorveglianza globale di OMS sulle MNT si basa su una visione multidimensionale di determinanti della malattia in cui i fattori di rischio sono raggruppati lungo la traiettoria causale da quello più lontano a quello più vicino alla malattia in questione. L'individuazione e il controllo di fattori di rischio e le azioni preventive per ridurli rimangono la strategia essenziale per contrastare le MNT e di conseguenza ridurre la spesa pubblica. A livello europeo, l’importante e numerosa letteratura sulle disuguaglianze socioeconomiche della salute percepita dimostra differenze tra i paesi nell'associazione tra disuguaglianza dei redditi e gradiente della salute correlato al reddito (Chauvel et al., 2015; Jutz et al 2015), dello status socioeconomico e di salute degli individui in funzione delle differenze di contesto (Alvarez-Galvez et al, 2016). Altri studi mostrano disuguaglianze socioeconomiche sia nei tassi di mortalità (Huisman et al, 2013; Borrell et al, 2014; Hu et al, 2015) che nella salute percepita (Mackenbach et al, 2008; Vullo et al 2016), ma c’è poca evidenza sulle diseguaglianze socioeconomiche nei fattori di rischio (Tsimbos, 2010). Scopo di questo lavoro è quello di indagare le disuguaglianze socioeconomiche tra gli ultracinquantenni europei nelle malattie croniche e nei fattori di rischio a esse correlate. L'analisi si basa sui dati della Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), una banca dati a livello micro che raccoglie informazioni sulla salute, status socio-economico, reti sociali e familiari di persone di età superiore ai 50 anni che vivono nell’Unione Europea (Bӧrsch-Supan et al, 2013). Il metodo utilizzato, l’indice di concentrazione della salute di Wagstaff (1991; 2000), essendo un metodo standardizzato, ci permette di controllare l’andamento del fenomeno nel tempo e di verificarne il trend in modo da valutare gli effetti delle politiche di welfare adottate nei diversi paesi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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