307 research outputs found
Trastorno límite de la personalidad : psicoterapia focalizada en la transferencia y terapia basada en la mentalización
No full textResumen: El Trabajo de Integración Final tuvo como propósito abordar y comparar
los efectos de la Psicoterapia Focalizada en la Transferencia (PFT) y la Terapia
Basada en la Mentalización (TBM) en pacientes adultos con Trastorno Límite
de la Personalidad (TLP). Para ello, se caracterizó en primer lugar el TLP
desde una perspectiva principalmente psicoanalítica, puesto que tanto la PFT
como la TBM son Terapias Psicodinámicas, inspiradas y derivadas del
psicoanálisis. Es preciso señalar que el modelo clínico de paciente límite en el
que se basó el presente trabajo proviene principalmente de los desarrollos de
Otto F. Kernberg y del DSM-5, ambos utilizados para ilustrar la situación
nosológica del borderline. En segundo lugar, se procedió a describir qué son y
en qué consisten la PFT y TBM, y por último se presentaron los efectos de
ambas – a partir de una revisión de estudios y ensayos clínicos – con el fin de
analizar similitudes y diferencias y evaluar cuál presenta mayor efectividad en
pacientes adultos con TLP
Role of alimentation in irritable bowel syndrome
No full textRole of alimentation in irritable bowel syndrome. Dapoigny M, Stockbrugger RW, Azpiroz F, Collins S, Coremans G, Muller-Lissner S, Oberndorff A, Pace F, Smout A, Vatn M, Whorwell P. Service de Gastroenterologie, Hotel-Dieu, Clermont-Ferrand, France. [email protected] BACKGROUND: Different food items are made responsible for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, but the physiopathology of IBS remains unclear. AIMS: During a meeting in Nice, France, experts of the European Working Team of the IBiS Club discussed selected data regarding the relationships between alimentation, food items (including fibers) and IBS symptoms. METHODS/RESULTS: Food allergy remains a difficult diagnosis, but medical and general history, presence of general symptoms such as skin rash, and hypersensitivity tests may help in achieving a positive diagnosis. On the other hand, food intolerance is more confusing because of the subjectivity of the relationship between ingestion of certain foods and the appearance of clinical symptoms. Different food items which are commonly implicated in adverse reactions mimicking IBS were found to be stimulants for the gut, suggesting that patients with predominant diarrhea IBS have to be carefully questioned about consumption of different kinds of food (i.e., coffee, alcohol, chewing gum, soft drinks) and not only on lactose ingestion. Gas production is discussed on the basis of retention of intestinal gas as well as on malabsorption of fermentable substrates. The role of a large amount of this kind of substrate reaching the colon is suggested as a potential mechanism of IBS-type symptoms in overeating patients. Regarding the role of fiber in IBS, the expert group concluded that fibers are not inert substances and that they could trigger pain or bloating in some IBS patients. CONCLUSION: Despite numerous reviews on this subject, it is very difficult to give general dietary advice to IBS patients, but dieteticians may have a positive role in managing such patients. Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Base
The sympathetic nervous system modulates perception and reflex responses to gut distention in humans.
No full textImpaired small bowel gas propulsion in patients with bloating during intestinal lipid infusion.
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Detection of individual motor units of the puborectalis muscle by non-invasive EMG electrode arrays
No full textNitrergic and purinergic mechanisms evoke inhibitory neuromuscular transmission in the human small intestine
No full textBACKGROUND:
Inhibitory neuromuscular transmission in the human colon is due to nitrergic and purinergic (P2Y1 -mediated) inputs. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms of neuromuscular transmission in different regions of the human small intestine.
METHODS:
Ileal (n = 6) and jejunal (n = 6) samples underwent histological examination and were studied using sharp microelectrodes in smooth muscle cells and conventional muscle bath techniques. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) was used to stimulate inhibitory neurons.
KEY RESULTS:
No histological abnormalities were found. Resting membrane potential was -39.7 ± 1.5 and -45.5 ± 2.1 mV in the jejunum and ileum, respectively. Slow waves and spontaneous contractions were recorded at a frequency of about 8-9 and 6-7 cpm in the jejunum and ileum, respectively. In non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic conditions, EFS caused an inhibitory junction potential and mechanical relaxation. Both responses were blocked by tissue incubation with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (Nω-nitro-l-arginine 1 mM) and the P2Y1 receptor blocker 2'-deoxy-N(6) -methyladenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate tetrasodium salt (MRS2179; 10 μM). Both exogenous addition of sodium nitroprusside (1 μM) and the preferential P2Y1 receptor agonist ADPβS (1 μM) hyperpolarized and relaxed smooth muscle cells. MRS2179 (10 μM) blocked ADPβS-induced responses.
CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES:
Similar to colon, inhibitory neurotransmission in the human small intestine is mainly mediated by purinergic (via P2Y1 receptors) and nitrergic inhibitory neurotransmission. Similar mechanisms of inhibitory neurotransmission are present in different regions of the human intestine
Analysis of RecA-independent recombination events between short direct repeats related to a genomic island and to a plasmid in Escherichia coli K12
No full textRecA-independent recombination events between short direct repeats, leading to deletion of the intervening sequences, were found to occur in two genetic models in the Escherichia coli K12 background. The first model was a small E. coli genomic island which had been shown to be mobile in its strain of origin and, when cloned, also in the E. coli K12 context. However, it did not encode a site-specific recombinase as mobile genomic islands usually do. It was then deduced that the host cells should provide the recombination function. This latter was searched for by means of a PCR approach to detect the island excision in E. coli K12 mutants affected in a number of recombination functions, including the 16 E. coli K12 site-specific recombinases, the RecET system, and multiple proteins that participate in the RecA-dependent pathways of homologous recombination. None of these appeared to be involved in the island excision. The second model, analyzed in a RecA deficient context, was a plasmid construction containing a short direct repeat proceeding from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which flanked the cat gene. The excision of this gene by recombination of the DNA repeats was confirmed by PCR and through the detection, recovery and characterization of the plasmid deleted form. In sum, we present new evidence on the occurrence of RecA-independent recombination events in E. coli K12. Although the mechanism underlying these processes is still unknown, their existence suggests that RecA-independent recombination may confer mobility to other genetic elements, thus contributing to genome plasticity
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