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PRIVATE REGULATION AND ENFORCEMENT IN MICROFINANCE: A MULTI-LAYERED AND POLYCENTRIC PUZZLE
No full textMicrofinance is a new, varied and evolving field of practice and study. It started as microcredit, consisting in the provision of small loans to very poor entrepreneurs excluded from the formal financial sector because of their perceived riskier profile and inability to pay back as well as the lack of traditional forms of guarantees (Yunus, 1999). The leading idea was to demonstrate that the poor always pay back and that offering financial services to them could be a socially rewarding as well as a financially sustainable or even profitable activity. Microfinance soon spread all around the world, adapting to different contexts, developing new forms and models (e.g. individual lending, a more profit-oriented nature, flexibility in maturity, etc.), but also evolving in some countries into a wide range of services to the poor, such as micro-savings, micro-consumer credit, micro-insurance, money transfers, and so on. It is now identified, generally, with the provision of financial services to low income people otherwise excluded from the financial sector
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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