15 research outputs found
A queda de Númenor: o Dilúvio na mitologia tolkieniana
No full textThe present article aims to analyze the occurrence of the Universal Flood mytheme in J. R. R. Tolkien’s mythological narratives. The analysis is based on the definition of mytheme from Claude Lévi-Strauss structuralist perspective, as well as the aspects that assemble the Universal Flood mytheme. Flood narratives found in the Epic of Atrahasis, in the Epic of Gilgamesh and in the first book of the Bible, Genesis, are also used in this study, as examples of how this mytheme arises in literature. Our object of studies is the fourth section of The Silmarillion ([1977] 2011), Akallabêth, which narrates the events that led the Supreme Being from the Tolkien’s mythology, Eru Ilúvatar, to invoke the power of the water to cause the destruction of the island of Númenor and its inhabitants. The methodology used is a bibliographic review of works about myths, mythemes, flood narratives, Tolkien’s mythology and biographies about him. Following the analysis made, we concluded that the way in which the author uses the Universal Flood mytheme in his mythology differs from what the authors of the texts taken as examples do in both structure and content.O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a ocorrência do mitema do Dilúvio Universal na narrativa mitológica de J. R. R. Tolkien. A análise tem por base a utilização da definição de mitema a partir da perspectiva estruturalista de Claude Lévi-Strauss, assim como dos aspectos que compõem o mitema do Dilúvio Universal. Também são utilizadas as narrativas sobre dilúvios presentes na Epopeia de Atrahasis, na Epopeia de Gilgamesh e no primeiro livro da Bíblia, Gênesis, como exemplo de como este mitema se apresenta na literatura. Nosso objeto de estudo é a quarta seção do livro O Silmarillion ([1977] 2011), Akallabêth, que narra os acontecimentos que levaram o Ser Superior da mitologia tolkieniana, Eru Ilúvatar, a invocar as forças das águas para causar a destruição da ilha de Númenor e de seus habitantes. A metodologia utilizada é a revisão bibliográfica de trabalhos sobre mitos, mitemas, narrativas de dilúvios, mitologia tolkieniana e biografias sobre J. R. R. Tolkien. Após a análise realizada, concluímos que a maneira com que o autor faz uso do mitema do Dilúvio Universal em sua mitologia difere do que fazem os autores dos textos que utilizamos como exemplo tanto em estrutura como em conteúdo
Una presencia virgiliana en el libro de Alexandre
No full textResumen:
En este articulo el autor muestra, a través de una confrontación textual directa, que el episodio de Nicánor y Símaco en el anónimo medieval español Libro de Alexandre es una reescritura del episodio de Niso y Euríalo 'del canto IX de la Eneida virgiliana con algunas reminiscencias del episodio del canto V de dicha epopeya en el que intervienen los mismos personajes. Después de una caracterización general del mitema a través de versiones producidas por poetas y escritores de distintas épocas, analiza los elementos básicos del mismo y las equivalencias empleadas por el autor español en el traslado de espacios, tiempos, circunstancias sociales y personales, recursos literarios y expresivos a partir del texto virgiliano.Abstract: In this paper the author shows, by means of a direct textual comparison, that the Nicanor and Simacus episode in the medieval anonyme spanish Libro de Alexandre is a re-writing of Nisus and Euryalus episode in book IX of virgilian Eneid, with sorne reminiscences from that episode of book V in this epic poem in which the same characters take parto After a general description of the myth along the versions produced by poets and writers in different times, he analyses the basic constitutive elements of that myth and the equivalences used by the spanish author in transfering spaces, times, social and personal circumstances, literary and expressive resources from the virgilian texto
Effect of Chronic Lead on the Haematology, Blood Glutathione and Bone Marrow Non-Haeme Iron of Dogs
No full textFluoride Levels in Water, Animal Feeds, Cow Milk, Cow Urine and Milk Production of Dairy Cattle from Kiambu and Thika Districts in Kenya
No full textKiambu and Thika Districts are situated in Central part of Kenya. Most of the available land is suitable for agricultural use. Majority of the farmers are small scale or subsistence dairy farmers. Intake of excess fluoride in water, feed and mineral supplements may adversely affect health, reproduction and production in dairy cattle. The objectives of this study were to investigate the levels of fluoride in water, urine, milk and animal feeds and mineral salts from dairy farms in Kiambu and Thika, as well as to relate milk yield and fluoride intake. Samples were analyzed using electroanalysis technique. The overall mean fluoride concentration in feeds from societies was 60.9 + 132.0 mg F/kg. The mean fluoride concentration in feeds from Nderi, Kikuyu, Chania, Limuru, Kiambaa and Lari co-operative societies were: 19.5 +11.3 (n=19) 24.1+28.6 (n=22), 55.2+73.7 (n=18), 67.6+93.4 (n=15), 91.9+226.3 (n=24) and 203.4+ 243.2 (n=6) mg F/kg respectively. Individual dairy co-operative society and the type of sample significantly (
Fluoride Levels in Water, Animal Feeds, Cow Milk, Cow Urine and Milk Production of Dairy Cattle from Kiambu and Thika Districts in Kenya
No full textKiambu and Thika Districts are situated in Central part of Kenya. Most of the available land is suitable for agricultural use. Majority of the farmers are small scale or subsistence dairy farmers. Intake of excess fluoride in water, feed and mineral supplements may adversely affect health, reproduction and production in dairy cattle. The objectives of this study were to investigate the levels of fluoride in water, urine, milk and animal feeds and mineral salts from dairy farms in Kiambu and Thika, as well as to relate milk yield and fluoride intake. Samples were analyzed using electroanalysis technique. The overall mean fluoride concentration in feeds from societies was 60.9 + 132.0 mg F/kg. The mean fluoride concentration in feeds from Nderi, Kikuyu, Chania, Limuru, Kiambaa and Lari co-operative societies were: 19.5 +11.3 (n=19) 24.1+28.6 (n=22), 55.2+73.7 (n=18), 67.6+93.4 (n=15), 91.9+226.3 (n=24) and 203.4+ 243.2 (n=6) mg F/kg respectively. Individual dairy co-operative society and the type of sample significantly (p0.05) by neither seasonal variations, breed of cattle, source of water nor co-operative society didn't affect urine fluoride levels significantly (p>0.05). Two hundred and forty six dairy cows were assessed for milk production. The mean milk production was 3.13 + 2.78 l/cow/day. There was a significant difference (p0.05) milk production. However there is need to keep surveillance on the fluoride levels in commercial mineral salts for dairy cattle
El enigma de Rimbaud y el poeta como imagen ausente en dos cuentos de Putas asesinas, de Roberto Bolaño
No full textThis article addresses a relevant theme in the work of the Chilean writer Roberto Bolaño: the presence of the poet Arthur Rimbaud as a main subject of his fiction. The starting point is one of the most studied themes in the work of the poet from Charleville, the "silence of Rimbaud", that is, the moment when the poet "s'en va", abandons poetry and activates the mystery that will surround his figure for posterity. Our purpose is to look at the functioning of this theme in two of Bolaño's short stories, "Últimos atardeceres en la Tierra!" and "Fotos," from the book Putas asesinas, with the aim of thinking about Bolaño's own auctorial conception and the link between author and image in these texts.El presente artículo aborda un tema relevante de la obra del escritor chileno Roberto Bolaño: la presencia del poeta Arthur Rimbaud como un tema central de sus ficciones. Se parte de uno de los mitemas más estudiados de la obra del poeta de Charleville, el “silencio de Rimbaud”, esto es, el momento en que el poeta “s’en va”, abandona la poesía y se activa el misterio que rodeará su figura para la posteridad. Nuestro propósito es ver el funcionamiento de ese mitema en dos cuentos de Bolaño, “Últimos atardeceres en la Tierra!” y “Fotos” del libro Putas asesinas con el objetivo central de pensar la concepción autorial del propio Bolaño y el vínculo entre autor e imagen en estos textos
The enigma of Rimbaud and the poet as an absent image in two stories from Roberto Bolaño's Putas Asesinas
No full textResumen: El presente artículo aborda un tema relevante de la obra del escritor chileno Roberto Bolaño: la presencia del poeta Arthur Rimbaud como un tema central de sus ficciones. Se parte de uno de los mitemas más estudiados de la obra del poeta de Charleville, el “silencio de Rimbaud”, esto es, el momento en que el poeta “s’en va”, abandona la poesía y se activa el misterio que rodeará su figura para la posteridad. Nuestro propósito es ver el funcionamiento de ese mitema en dos cuentos de Bolaño, “Últimos atardeceres en la Tierra!” y “Fotos” del libro Putas asesinas con el objetivo central de pensar la concepción autorial del propio Bolaño y el vínculo entre autor e imagen en estos textos.Abstract: This article addresses a relevant theme in the work of the Chilean writer Roberto Bolaño: the presence of the poet Arthur Rimbaud as a main subject of his fiction. The starting point is one of the most studied themes in the work of the poet from Charleville, the "silence of Rimbaud", that is, the moment when the poet "s'en va", abandons poetry and activates the mystery that will surround his figure for posterity. Our purpose is to look at the functioning of this theme in two of Bolaño's short stories, "Últimos atardeceres en la Tierra!" and "Fotos," from the book Putas asesinas, with the aim of thinking about Bolaño's own auctorial conception and the link between author and image in these texts
La buena compañía de Carlos Fuentes: intertextualidad y mito en la narrativa fantástica hispanoamericana
No full textThis paper seeks to find a relationship between myth and the Hispanic American fantastic tale, specifically in the story La buena compañía by the Mexican author Carlos Fuentes. By analyzing this work, intertextual links can be found between the characteristic features of the myth of the Moiras -from the Hellenic tradition-, with the antagonists of Fuentes' story, which endow the tale and its characters with ancient mythical features presented in a more current context. For this purpose, it was considered theoretical proposals of different authors who study myth, intertextuality in narrative, myth and literary myth. Myth as narrative, by serving as a possible inspiration for literature, can be recreated giving rise to literary myths that adapt to the cultural context in which they are written. By making a comparative analysis, considering the main features of the proposed myth, between the characters of the myth era and the characters of the author, we can then trace those characteristics in common between both narratives and try to glimpse the influence that myth has on fantastic literature, exemplifying such influence in the work of Carlos Fuentes.El presente trabajo busca encontrar una relación entre el mito y el cuento fantástico hispanoamericano, específicamente en el relato La buena compañía del autor mexicano Carlos Fuentes. Al analizar dicha obra se pueden encontrar lazos intertextuales entre los rasgos característicos del mito de las Moiras –de la tradición helénica–, con las antagonistas de la historia de Fuentes, que dotan al cuento y a sus personajes de rasgos míticos antiguos presentados en un contexto más actual. Con esta finalidad se tomaron en cuenta propuestas teóricas de distintos autores que estudian el mito, la intertextualidad en la narrativa, el mitema y el mito literario. El mito como narrativa, al servir como posible inspiración para la literatura, puede ser recreado dando lugar a mitos literarios que se adaptan al contexto cultural en el que son escritos. Al hacer un análisis comparativo, tomando en cuenta los rasgos principales del mito propuesto, entre los personajes de la era del mito y los personajes del autor se puede, entonces, rastrear dichas características en común entre ambas narrativas e intentar vislumbrar la influencia que el mito tiene en la literatura fantástica, ejemplificando dicha influencia en la obra de Carlos Fuentes
E. coli and Salmonella Contamination of Tomato Marketed and Consumed in Nairobi Metropolis
No full textTomato, a worldwide consumed commodity for its nutritive values can harbour Salmonella and E.coli. Tomato can contribute to diarrheal illnesses; and associated burden in households. Seasonal bacterial analyses to detect enterobacteria were conducted from January to June 2017 in Nairobi. The study shows that, the vegetable during the study period is 94% contaminated with E. coli and 28% with Salmonella. February had the highest contamination during the dry season (2.37 log10cfu.ml-1 >2; p≤ 0.05) and May (2.8 log10cfu.ml-1 >2; p≤ 0.05) the highest in wet season. Thus, seasons have influence on microbial contamination in tomato. Bacteria multiplication slows in dry period and increases in wet season. Increase of bacteria from March (end of dry season or beginning of rains) to high presence in May (end of rains) might come with more health concerns if attention is not paid to ready-to-eat vegetables. Consumers purchasing from open air markets seem more at risk of bacterial infection (Kangemi 1.84±0.159; Githurai 2.02±0.1815; Wakulima 1.97±0.24 of E. coli contamination) compared to those who use supermarkets (Nakumatt W. 1.54±0.134; Uchumi Sarit C. 1.27±0.105). Although most tomatoes were washed and cleaned, bacteria levels were still a threat to health. Surfactants from pesticides might contribute to tomatoes infection as they are able to wound skins of crops and open ways to bacterial contamination. With sudden bacterial increase in wet seasons (Kangemi 2.98±0.225kl; Githurai 2.75±0.157efghi; Wakulima 2.69±0.067ghijk; Nakumatt 1.78±0.092bcd; Uchumi 1.54±0.215cde), consumers might experience more symptoms of enteric bacteria. Special attention should be paid in wet times as best quality of tomato at sight is not necessarily safe for direct consumption without further processing. These findings might help in understanding why consumers of salad might be exposed to symptoms of enteric bacteria in wet times. Food handlers, health workers, consumers and policy designers should be informed of this risk. Keywords: E. coli, Salmonella spp, bacteria, season, contaminatio
Assessment of the knowledge and use of pesticides by the tomato farmers in Mwea Region, Kenya
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