231 research outputs found
Manipulação genética e dignidade humana
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências JurídicasUm tema como a manipulação genética e dignidade humana: da bioética ao direito, tem por fim verificar o desenvolvimento da pesquisa científica na área da genética, com suas manipulações e respectivas conseqüências sobre a dignidade humana, a bioética e o direito. Tem que ser possível definir a influência da ética e do direito no desenvolvimento das pesquisas científicas. Para definir essas possibilidades, utilizou-se tanto do método indutivo, com vistas à apreensão da realidade externa do desenvolvimento das pesquisas científicas em genética, e ainda do método de abordagem dedutivo, na construção de parâmetros teóricos de base, ou seja, na idealização das impressões apreendidas, essenciais para a posterior elaboração de inferências críticas. A técnica de pesquisa consistiu no levantamento de dados, através da pesquisa bibliográfica em documentação indireta. No primeiro capítulo, buscou-se rever as bases conceituais teóricas da ética, da moral, da bioética, do ser humano e do direito, sendo primeiramente efetuadas reflexões sobre as noções de ética, moral, bioética e seus princípios universais, para depois refletir sobre o ser humano e a sua dignidade face aos princípios da bioética. Observando, em seguida, a ausência de legislação brasileira para o desenvolvimento das pesquisas em genética, e o capítulo foi finalizado com considerações a respeito da bioética e do "biodireito", ressalvada a sua importância para a coletividade. No segundo capítulo, por sua vez, foi demonstrado o potencial da manipulação genética, tendo sido dada maior ênfase ao desenvolvimento do projeto genoma humano com um levantamento dos projetos na área de genética, já executados e dos ainda em curso, pontualizando eventuais benefícios e riscos decorrentes deste conhecimento, concluindo afirmando a importância da bioética e do biodireito no desenvolvimento destas pesquisas científicas. E, por fim, no terceiro capítulo, foi realizada uma análise crítica dos riscos potenciais da utilização do conhecimento adquirido através da manipulação genética. Seletividade, redução da diversidade humana e ainda a violação do direito à privacidade genética foram apontados como alguns dos riscos que atingirão diretamente a dignidade do homem. A conclusão reflete acerca da importância da bioética e do biodireito, como alternativas à redução do potencial negativo da pesquisa genética e como garantia à dignidade human
Systematische Auswahl der öffentlichen Finanzhilfen für den gewerblichen Mittelstand in Bayern Diplomarbeit am FB-BW / Volkswirtschaft
No full textAdvocata nostra: central Italian paintings of Mary as the Second Eve, c.1335-c.1445
No full textThis thesis is a close examination and analysis of the creation and reception of a group of eighteen Central Italian paintings of the Madonna with Eve presented reclining at her feet, images which draw on one of the fundamental themes of Mary's cult, her role as the Second Eve.
Modern writers have sometimes been taken aback by these panels; in recent studies of women in history, Mary and Eve are often assumed to have been defining stereotypes of positive and negative feminine behaviour, and these works make a blatant juxtaposition of the two. Yet this imagery was obviously attractive to Trecento and Quattrocento patrons: this paradox lies at the heart of this thesis, which seeks to determine what these paintings might have meant to those who commissioned them and who first worshipped before them.
To do so, this thesis begins by introducing the questions raised by the works; it then discusses textual and oral traditions linking Mary and Eve for Trecento and Quattrocento viewers, in order to suggest a range of possible associations for the imagery. There are then four case studies, intended to particularise the general themes of the pairing through specific images and contexts. The first focuses on Ambrogio Lorenzetti's frescoes at the former Cistercian abbey of S. Galgano, which were created, it is suggested here, by a member of that community in Mary's honour. The next chapter looks at the political and eschatological implications of images of Mary's rule as the Second Eve in the Papal States, discussing frescoes in S. Agostino, Montefalco, S. Gregorio Maggiore, Spoleto, and the Camposanto in Pisa, as well as a panel attributed to Carlo da Camerion, now in Cleveland, Ohio
Focalisation in the translation/rewriting of narrative texts : A.P. Brink's Imaginings of sand/Sandkastele
No full textThesis (Ph.D. (English))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002Narrative fiction presents translators with a particular challenge due to the subtitle shifts in focalisation complicated by factors such as embedded narratives and hypothetical focalisation. Furthermore, the gaps and traces that arise from the (often) covert nature of shifts in focalisation necessitate
meticulous analyses. In this study the role of focalisation in the translation of narrative texts is therefore investigated in terms of the various markers that foreground aspects related to focalisation. The theoretical position of this study is informed by Derrida's notion of the play of the trace evident in différance. It is shown that différance offers a productive potential rather than an obstacle or barrier to translation; translation does not fix the same meaning, but creates new avenues for
further difference. In other words, translation activates hidden traces, ensuring the survival of the original text at the same time that the translation issues forth from it. The relationship between source text and target text is further regarded not as a hierarchical relationship, but as a contract in which the texts rely on each other without one having final priority over the other. The two texts involved in this contract are therefore regarded as constantly becoming in a symbiotic relationship of rewriting. In order to address the gaps and traces in narrative texts, focalisation is redefined as an "impostulatory" technique (a term coined to address the proprietary relationships in and surrounding narrative texts). The most
important implication of this redefinition is that focalisation always proceeds through the only narrative origo in a narrative text, from which and through which and into which the narrative is actualised or activated or narrativised from an extratextual position by author and reader. A.P. Brink's parallel texts, lmaginings of sand/Sandkasle/e, are then used in illustration of the above theoretical concepts. In particular, the novel is analysed in terms of deictic, subjective and characterising markers of focalisation. The two texts are also compared to each other, as well as to my own translation based on the analysis of these markers. These analyses and comparisons indicate that focalisation indeed plays an important role in the translation of narrative texts, particularly in relation to microtextual shifts that impact on the macrotext. On the basis of these findings, a model is proposed for the translation of narrative texts based on a view of focalisation as impostulatory technique evident primarily in markers of subjectivity, but also incorporating the more overt markers of deixis and the markers of characterisation.Doctora
Avaliação das alterações da saturação periférica de oxigênio, da tensão arterial e do pulso em pacientes submetidos à sedação consciente para endoscopia digestiva alta
No full textTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Curso de Medicina. Dapartamento de Clínica Cirúrgica
Forschung Frankfurt : das Wissenschaftsmagazin. 2012, Nr. 1
No full textSchwerpunkt: Gefäßforschung. Inhalt: Vorwort ... », Kompakt
* Paul Ehrlich-Preis für Zellbiologen und Nachwuchspreis für Diabetes-Forscherin
* Ausgezeichnet: Leibniz-Preis für Rainer Forst
* Biologischer Nanomotor mit Hybridantrieb entdeckt
Forschung intensiv
* Thrombose-Forschung. Wenn das Blut in den Adern stockt [Eva-Maria Siefert]
* Sauerstoffradikale. Schutz oder Schaden für die Gefäße? [Ralf Brandes und Katrin Schröder]
* Fettstoffwechsel und Diabetes. Fischöl und Bewegung helfen [Ingrid Fleming]
* Micro-RNAs. Kleine Schnipsel mit großer Wirkung [Reinier Boon und Stefanie Dimmeler]
* Archäologie. Die Römer im Hessischen Ried [Hans-Markus von Kaenel, Markus Helfert, Thomas Maurer und Carsten Wenzel]
* Archäologie. Innovation vor 4000 Jahren in der Eurasischen Steppe [Rüdiger Krause und Jochen Fornasier]
Forschung aktuell
* Über Geburt, Blüte und Kollaps der Nok-Kultur im subsaharischen Afrika [Ulrike Jaspers]
* Verdächtige Familien. DNA-Abstammungsgutachten in Einwanderungsverfahren [Torsten Heinemann und Thomas Lemke]
* Personalisierte Medizin. Ein Strategiewechsel. Gendiagnostik verbessert die Therapieentscheidung [Theo Dingermann]
Perspektiven
* »Hört mal zu, so ist’s gemeint«. Ein Gespräch mit Axel Honneth und Morton Raffnsøe-Møller über »Das Recht der Freiheit« [Axel Honneth, Morten Raffnsøe-Møller und Bernd Frye]
Gute Bücher
* Rainer Forst: Kritik der Rechtfertigungsverhältnisse. Perspektiven einer kritischen Theorie der Politik [Jörg Schaub]
* Martin Seel: 111 Tugenden, 111 Laster: Eine philosophische Revue [Lasse Lorenzen]
* Heinz Drügh, Christian Metz, Björn Weyand (Hrsg.): Warenästhetik – Neue Perspektiven auf Konsum, Kultur und Kunst [Bernd Frye]
* Michael Stolleis (Hrsg.): Herzkammern der Republik. Die Deutschen und das Bundesverfassungsgericht [Felix Hanschmann]
* Frank-Olaf Radtke: Kulturen sprechen nicht. Die Politik grenzüberschreitender Dialoge [Thomas Kunz]
* Maria R.-Alföldi, Edilberto Formigli und Johannes Fried: Die römische Wölfin. Ein antikes Monument stürzt von seinem Sockel [Andrea Salcuni]
* Heike Will: Sei naiv und mach‘ ein Experiment. Feodor Lynen. Biographie des Münchener Nobelpreisträgers [Anne Hardy]
* Jürgen Runge, James Shikwati (Hrsg.): Geological Resources and Good Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa [Tim Bittiger]
Vorschau und Impressum ...
Sleep in Airplanes: Potential risk factors
No full textSleeping in airplanes implies sleeping under hypobaric conditions. At cruising altitude the cabin pressure equals an altitude of 8000 ft. Little is known of the physiological effects for crew and passengers.
At the DLR-Institute of Aerospace Medicine, 16 healthy subjects (8 female), average age 28 years (± 4 SD), slept in a pressure chamber furnished as crew-rest-compartment during a realistic flight simulation concerning atmospheric conditions and noise. Blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate, and Sleep-EEG were recorded during the 4h sleep period. The next morning performance was tested using an unstable tracking task reflecting typical operator demands. A control group of 16 subjects (8 female), average age 26 years (± 6 SD), slept 4h in private sleeping rooms of the DLR-isolation unit in normobaric conditions.
SpO2 and heart rate differed significantly between groups (p<0.0001). During time in bed a mean SpO2 level of 96% (± 1 SD) and a mean heart rate of 62 bpm (± 8 SD) were measured under normobaric conditions, whereas mean SpO2 level in the pressure chamber was 88% (± 1 SD) with a mean heart rate of 74 bpm (± 6 SD). Under hypobaric conditions the average SpO2 dropped below 90% for 135 min (± 69 SD) and the mean minimum SpO2-level was 81% (± 3 SD). Performance was significantly more impaired in the experimental group (p<0.05).
The recuperative function for crew members sleeping in a crew-rest-compartment during flight seems limited since performance is impaired and SpO2 drops considerably. Sleep aboard an airplane induced hypobaric hypoxia in young, healthy subjects. To date, the degree of arterial hypoxemia that should be considered as being harmful remains unclear. However, passengers with a SpO2 below 85% in the hypoxic challenge test are recommended to receive supplemental oxygen during flight. Consequently, for risk groups sleep during flight should be regarded with care
Schlaf im Flugzeug: ein unerkanntes Risiko?
No full textSchlafen an Bord von Flugzeugen auf Reiseflughöhe bedeutet Schlafen unter hypobaren Bedingungen. Der Kabinendruck in Verkehrsflugzeugen entspricht dabei dem Luftdruck in einer Höhe von 8000 ft (2438 m). Es ist nicht bekannt, welche Auswirkungen dies auf den Schlaf der Flugzeugbesatzung und der Passagiere hat. Um diesen Sachverhalt zu untersuchen, wurde am Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin des DLR bei einer Gruppe von 16 gesunden Probanden (mittleres Alter 28 Jahre (± 4 SD), 8 weiblich/8 männlich) eine 4-stündige Schlafperiode in einem Crew-Rest-Compartment simuliert. Hierzu wurden in einer entsprechend ausgerüsteten Druckkammer sowohl die atmosphärischen Bedingungen als auch die Geräuschkulisse an Bord eines Flugzeugs realitätsecht nachgebildet. Parallel schlief eine Kontrollgruppe, ebenfalls bestehend aus 16 Probanden (mittleres Alter 26 Jahre (± 6 SD), 8 weiblich/8 männlich) den gleichen 4 Stunden Zeitraum unter normobaren Bedingungen im Schlaflabor des Instituts. Während der 4-stündigen Schlafzeit wurde bei den Probanden die Sauerstoffsättigung des Blutes (SpO2), die Herzfrequenz (EKG), und das Schlaf-EEG aufgezeichnet. Die Leistungsfähigkeit am folgenden Morgen wurde mit Hilfe eines „Unstable Tracking Task“ ermittelt. Dieser Test bildet typische Anforderungen an die Hand-Auge-Koordination bei Piloten ab. Sowohl Sauerstoffsättigung
als auch Herzfrequenz der beiden Gruppen unterschieden sich signifikant (p<0.0001). Bei Normaldruck lag das durchschnittliche SpO2-Niveau bei 96% (± 1 SD) und die Herzfrequenz im Mittel bei 62 Schlägen pro Minute (± 8 SD). Hingegen wurde unter hypobaren Bedingungen nur eine mittlere Sauerstoffsättigung von 88% (± 1 SD) und gleichzeitig eine auf 74 Schläge pro Minute (± 6 SD) gesteigerte Herzfrequenz gemessen. Dabei fiel die Sättigung der Probanden in der Druckkammer im Durchschnitt für 135 min (± 69 SD) unter die als Hypoxiegrenze
definierte Schwelle von 90%. In der Schlafperiode betrug die geringste gemessene Sauerstoffsättigung 81% (± 3 SD). Die absolute Schlafdauer im Unterdruck unterschied sich nicht von der bei Normaldruck, es war aber eine signifikante Abnahme der Dauer von Tief- und Traumschlaf zugunsten einer signifikanten Zunahme der leichteren Schlafphasen zu verzeichnen. Verglichen mit der Kontrollgruppe war die Leistungsfähigkeit der Testgruppe am folgenden Morgen gemessen unter normobaren Bedingungen signifikant vermindert (p<0.05). Schlaf unter Flugbedingungen führte bei einer Gruppe von jungen, gesunden Probanden zu einer hypobaren Hyoxie, also einem deutlichen Abfall der Sauerstoffsättigung bis unter 90%. Derzeit gibt es keine gesicherten Erkenntnisse darüber, welcher Grad von arterieller Hypoxämie physiologisch toleriert werden kann. Allerdings wird Passagieren
mit einem SpO2 von unter 85% während des „Hypoxic Challenge Test“ empfohlen, während eines Fluges unterstützend medizinischen Sauerstoff zu atmen. Demzufolge sollte Schlaf im Flugzeug, speziell bei Risikogruppen, mit Vorsicht betrachtet werden
Sleep Deprivation Effects on Cognitive Performance
No full textAn experimental sleep deprivation study has been launched at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in order to determine effects of varying degrees of sleepiness and alcohol on cognitive performance. A total of 48 subjects in cohorts of eight subjects each will stay for twelve consecutive days and nights in the AMSAN sleep laboratory in Cologne. During their stay in the laboratory, subjects are deprived of sleep in a successive manner totally and partially. In addition, on one day they are exposed to moderate alcohol levels. In between the interventions two recovery days are provided per design. A short test-battery of pilot’s and air traffic controller’s aptitudes is administered to the subjects including spatial orientation, perceptual speed and control of attention tests. In addition, self-concept of mental fitness is measured via a questionnaire prior to and after the cognitive tasks in order to examine whether potential performance decrements due to fatigue are recognized by the subjects. The study design and some preliminary data of the first two cohorts (N = 16) are presented in the paper
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