8 research outputs found
Planificando una receta azul: los beneficios del mar en la promoción de la saludPlanning a blue prescription: The benefits of blue spaces in health promotion
No full text2 pages, supplementary material OceansHealth (13 octubre 2021). Marine ecosystems / Blue Prescriptions. Archivo de vídeo. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v = 8K7G0wLwnVwExisten suficientes indicios de que el contacto con los denominados espacios azules (mares, océanos, ríos y lagos) puede promover la salud y el bienestar de las personas1. Por este motivo, apoyamos la recomendación de estos espacios naturales como activos comunitarios para la salud (prescripción social), mediante el abordaje multidisciplinar orientado a los determinantes de salud.
El proyecto «Recepta Blava e-Health» es un estudio piloto que tiene como objetivo aportar evidencia sobre los beneficios de la práctica de actividades recreativas en el mar para la salud de pacientes oncológicos, con la finalidad de fundamentar su recomendación como herramienta para la promoción de la salud. Para que los ecosistemas marinos y las actividades recreativas en el mar sean considerados como activos en salud, es necesario que la propia comunidad, los pacientes y los profesionales de la salud los identifiquen como tal. El enfoque local multidisciplinar e intersectorial del proyecto constituye la base para la detección e identificación de activos en salud de la propia comunidad. [...]Peer reviewe
The JET hybrid scenario in Deuterium, Tritium and Deuterium-Tritium
Get PDFThe JET hybrid scenario has been developed from low plasma current carbon wall discharges to the record-breaking Deuterium-Tritium plasmas obtained in 2021 with the ITER-like Be/W wall. The development started in pure Deuterium with refinement of the plasma current, and toroidal magnetic field choices and succeeded in solving the heat load challenges arising from 37 MW of injected power in the ITER like wall environment, keeping the radiation in the edge and core controlled, avoiding MHD instabilities and reaching high neutron rates. The Deuterium hybrid plasmas have been re-run in Tritium and methods have been found to keep the radiation controlled but not at high fusion performance probably due to time constraints. For the first time this scenario has been run in Deuterium-Tritium (50:50). These plasmas were re-optimised to have a radiation-stable H-mode entry phase, good impurity control through edge Ti gradient screening and optimised performance with fusion power exceeding 10 MW for longer than three alpha particle slow down times, 8.3 MW averaged over 5 s and fusion energy of 45.8 MJ.The BSC part of this work has contributed through the Spanish National R&D Project PID2019-110854RB-I00 and the CIEMAT part through grant PID2021-127727OB-I00, funded through MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF "A way of making Europe". This scientific paper has been published as part of the international project co-financed by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the programme called 'PMW' for 2018–2023. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme (Grant Agreement No. 101052200 - EUROfusion) and from the EPSRC [Grant Number EP/W006839/1]. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Commission. Neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be held responsible for them. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the ITER organization.Peer Reviewed"Article signat per més de 50 autors/es:" J. Hobirk, C.D. Challis, A. Kappatou, E. Lerche, D. Keeling, D. King, S. Aleiferis, E. Alessi, C. Angioni, F. Auriemma, M. Baruzzo, É. Belonohy, J. Bernardo, A. Boboc, I.S. Carvalho, P. Carvalho, F.J. Casson, A. Chomiczewska, J. Citrin, I.H. Coffey, N.J. Conway, D. Douai, E. Delabie, B. Eriksson, J. Eriksson, O. Ficker, A.R. Field, M. Fontana, J.M. Fontdecaba, L. Frassinetti, D. Frigione, D. Gallart, J. Garcia, M. Gelfusa, Z. Ghani, L. Giacomelli, E. Giovannozzi, C. Giroud, M. Goniche, W. Gromelski, S. Hacquin, C. Ham, N.C. Hawke, R.B. Henriques, J.C. Hillesheim, A. Ho, L. Horvath, I. Ivanova-Stanik, P. Jacquet, F. Jaulmes, E. Joffrin, H.T. Kim, V. Kiptily, K. Kirov, D. Kos, E. Kowalska-Strzeciwilk11, H. Kumpulainen24, K. Lawson2, M. Lennholm2,25, X. Litaudon14, E. Litherland-Smith2, P.J. Lomas, E. de la Luna, C.F. Maggi, J. Mailloux, M.J. Mantsinen, M. Maslov, G. Matthews, K.G. McClements, A.G. Meigs, S. Menmuir, A. Milocco, I.G. Miron, S. Moradi, R.B. Morales, S. Nowak, F. Orsitto, A. Patel, L. Piron, C. Prince, G. Pucella, E. Peluso, C. Perez von Thun, E. Rachlew, C. Reux, F. Rimini, S. Saarelma, P. A Schneider, S. Scully, M. Sertoli, S. Sharapov, A. Shaw, S. Silburn, A. Sips, P. Siren, C. Sozzi, E.R. Solano, Z. Stancar, G. Stankunas, C. Stuart, H.J. Sun, G. Szepesi, D. Valcarcel, M. Valisa, G. Verdoolaege, B. Viola, N. Wendler, M. Zerbini and JET Contributors"Postprint (published version
Overview of interpretive modelling of fusion performance in JET DTE2 discharges with TRANSP
Get PDFIn the paper we present an overview of interpretive modelling of a database of JET-ILW 2021 D-T discharges using the TRANSP code. The main aim is to assess our capability of computationally reproducing the fusion performance of various D-T plasma scenarios using different external heating and D-T mixtures, and to understand the performance driving mechanisms. We find that interpretive simulations confirm a general power-law relationship between increasing external heating power and fusion output, which is supported by absolutely calibrated neutron yield measurements. A comparison of measured and computed D-T neutron rates shows that the calculations' discrepancy depends on the absolute neutron yield. The calculations are found to agree well with measurements for higher performing discharges with external heating power above ∼20 , while low-neutron shots display an average discrepancy of around +40% compared to measured neutron yields. A similar trend is found for the ratio between thermal and beam-target fusion, where larger discrepancies are seen in shots with dominant beam-driven performance. We compare the observations to studies of JET-ILW D discharges, to find that on average the fusion performance is well modelled over a range of heating power, although an increased unsystematic deviation for lower-performing shots is observed. The ratio between thermal and beam-induced D-T fusion is found to be increasing weakly with growing external heating power, with a maximum value of 1 achieved in a baseline scenario experiment. An evaluation of the fusion power computational uncertainty shows a strong dependence on the plasma scenario type and fusion drive characteristics, varying between ±25% and 35%. D-T fusion alpha simulations show that the ratio between volume-integrated electron and ion heating from alphas is 10 for the majority of analysed discharges. Alphas are computed to contribute between ∼15% and 40% to the total electron heating in the core of highest performing D-T discharges. An alternative workflow to TRANSP was employed to model JET D-T plasmas with the highest fusion yield and dominant non-thermal fusion component because of the use of fundamental radio-frequency heating of a large minority in the scenario, which is calculated to have provided ∼10% to the total fusion power.This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme (Grant Agreement No. 101052200—EUROfusion). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Commission. Neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be held responsible for them. This work has been part-funded by the EPSRC Energy Programme with grant number EP/W006839/1.
The Barcelona Supercomputing Center part of this work has contributed through the Spanish National R&D Project PID2019-110854RB-I00 funded through MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. In addition BSC are grateful for the support received from the Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya via the Research Group Fusion Group with code: 2021 SGR 00908.
The Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión contribution was funded in part via the Spanish National R&D Project PID2021-127727OB-I00 funded through MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033.Peer Reviewed"Article signat per 43 autors/es: Ž. Štancar, K.K. Kirov, F. Auriemma, H.-T. Kim, M. Poradziński, R. Sharma, R. Lorenzini, Z. Ghani, M. Gorelenkova, F. Poli, A. Boboc, S. Brezinsek, P. Carvalho, F.J. Casson, C.D. Challis, E. Delabie, D. Van Eester, M. Fitzgerald, J.M. Fontdecaba, D. Gallart, J. Garcia, L. Garzotti, C. Giroud, A. Kappatou, Ye.O. Kazakov, D.B. King, V.G. Kiptily, D. Kos, E. Lerche, E. Litherland-Smith, C.F. Maggi, P. Mantica, M.J. Mantsinen, M. Maslov, S. Menmuir, M. Nocente, H.J.C. Oliver, S.E. Sharapov, P. Sirén, E.R. Solano, H.J. Sun, G. Szepesi and JET Contributors"Postprint (published version
L-H transition studies in tritium and deuterium–tritium campaigns at JET with Be wall and W divertor
Get PDF{The recent deuterium–tritium campaign in JET-ILW (DTE2) has provided a unique opportunity to study the isotope dependence of the L-H power threshold in an ITER-like wall environment (Be wall and W divertor). Here we present results from dedicated L-H transition experiments at JET-ILW, documenting the power threshold in tritium and deuterium–tritium plasmas, comparing them with the matching deuterium and hydrogen datasets. From earlier experiments in JET-ILW it is known that as plasma isotopic composition changes from deuterium, through varying deuterium/hydrogen concentrations, to pure hydrogen, the value of the line averaged density at which the threshold is minimum, , increases, leading us to expect that (T) < (DT) < (D) < (H). The new power threshold data confirms these expectations in most cases, with the corresponding ordering of the minimum power thresholds. We present a comparison of this data to power threshold scalings, used for extrapolation to future devices such as ITER and DEMO.This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme Grant Agreement No. 101052200—EUROfusion and from the EPSRC (Grant Number EP/W006839/1). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union, the European Commission or the ITER organization. Neither the European Union nor the European Commission nor the ITER organization can be held responsible for them.
This work was supported in part by Spanish Grants FIS2017-85252-R and PID2021-127727OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF 'A way of making Europe'. The BSC part of this work has contributed through the Spanish National R&D Project PID2019-110854RB-I00 funded through MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and from the the Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya with code 2021 SGR 00908. This scientific paper has been published as part of the international project co-financed by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the programme called 'PMW' for 2023.Peer Reviewed"Article signat per més de 50 autors/es: E.R. Solano, G. Birkenmeier, C. Silva, E. Delabie, J.C. Hillesheim, A. Baciero, I. Balboa, M. Baruzzo, A. Boboc, M. Brix, J. Bernardo, C. Bourdelle, I.S. Carvalho, P. Carvalho, C.D. Challis, M. Chernyshova, A. Chomiczewska, R. Coelho4, I. Coffey, T. Craciunescu11, E. de la Cal, E. de la Luna, R. Dumont, P. Dumortier, M. Fontana, J.M. Fontdecaba, L. Frassinetti, D. Gallart, J. Garcia, C. Giroud, W. Gromelski, R.B. Henriques, J. Hall, A. Ho, L.D. Horton, L. Horvath, P. Jacquet, I. Jepu, E. Joffrin, A. Kappatou, D.L. Keeling, D.B. King, V.G. Kiptily, K.K. Kirov, D. Kos, E. Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, E. Litherland-Smith, A. Loarte, B. Lomanowski, P.J. Lomas, C.F. Maggi, J. Mailloux, M.J. Mantsinen, M. Maslov, A.G. Meigs, I. Monakhov, R.B. Morales, A.H. Nielsen, D. Nina, C. Noble, E. Pawelec, M. Poradzinski, G. Pucella, P. Puglia, D. Réfy, J. Juul Rasmussen, E. Righi, F.G. Rimini, T. Robinson, M. Sertoli, S.A. Silburn, G. Sips, P. Sirén, Ž. Štancar, H.J. Sun, G. Szepesi, D. Taylor, E. Tholerus, B. Thomas, G. Verdoolaege, P. Vincenzi, B. Viola, N. Vianello, T. Wilson and JET Contributors"Postprint (published version
Moderation of neoclassical impurity accumulation in high temperature plasmas of helical devices
Get PDFAchieving impurity and helium ash control is a crucial issue in the path towards fusion-grade magnetic confinement devices, and this is particularly the case of helical reactors, whose low-collisionality ion-root operation scenarios usually display a negative radial electric field which is expected to cause inwards impurity pinch. In this work we discuss, based on experimental measurements and standard predictions of neoclassical theory, how plasmas of very low ion collisionality, similar to those observed in the impurity hole of the large helical device (Yoshinuma et al and The LHD Experimental Group 2009 Nucl. Fusion 49 062002, Ida et al and The LHD Experimental Group 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 056111 and Yokoyama et al and LHD Experimental Group 2002 Nucl. Fusion 42 143), can be an exception to this general rule, and how a negative radial electric field can coexist with an outward impurity flux. This interpretation is supported by comparison with documented discharges available in the International Stellarator-Heliotron Profile Database, and it can be extrapolated to show that achievement of high ion temperature in the core of helical devices is not fundamentally incompatible with low core impurity content.journal articl
Blue prescription: A pilot study of health benefits for oncological patients of a short program of activities involving the sea
Get PDFPerforming outdoor activities in blue spaces can help improve human health and mental well-being by reducing stress and promoting social relationships. The number of people surviving cancer has increased globally to experience this disease as a life-changing and chronic condition with physical and psychosocial symptoms that have negative impacts on their quality of life. While there has been a growth of programs in green spaces to meet the needs of cancer patients, such as follow-up post-treatment care, support groups and physical activity programs, very few studies have examined the effects of activities involving the sea for the health and well-being of oncology patients. This is the first study to evaluate whether different outdoor activities in blue spaces can benefit oncological patients' physical and mental health using smartwatches, sphygmomanometers and Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaires. We assessed changes in blood pressure, heart rate, sleep quality and mental health of 16 patients after twelve sessions of three different activities (walking, beach and snorkelling) and four sessions of a control activity. While no significant differences between activities were observed in terms of the data gathered by the smartwatches, a gradient of positive results for human mental health was observed towards exposure to a blue space, assessed through POMS questionnaires. Results show that exposure to blue spaces contributes to tension and anger reduction and improves the vigour mood state of oncology patients. No significant increases in patients' heart rate were recorded after the beach and snorkelling activities, with results similar to the control activity, suggesting that the contribution may be to participants’ relaxation
The Roses Ocean and Human Health Chair: A New Way to Engage the Public in Oceans and Human Health Challenges
Get PDFInvolving and engaging stakeholders is crucial for studying and managing the complex interactions between marine ecosystems and human health and wellbeing. The Oceans and Human Health Chair was founded in the town of Roses (Catalonia, Spain, NW Mediterranean) in 2018, the fruit of a regional partnership between various stakeholders, and for the purpose of leading the way to better health and wellbeing through ocean research and conservation. The Chair is located in an area of the Mediterranean with a notable fishing, tourist, and seafaring tradition and is close to a marine reserve, providing the opportunity to observe diverse environmental conditions and coastal and maritime activities. The Chair is a case study demonstrating that local, collaborative, transdisciplinary, trans-sector, and bottom-up approaches offer tremendous opportunities for engaging coastal communities to help support long-lasting solutions that benefit everyone, and especially those living by the sea or making their living from the goods and services provided by the sea. Furthermore, the Chair has successfully integrated most of its experts in oceans and human health from the most prestigious institutions in Catalonia. The Chair focuses on three main topics identified by local stakeholders: Fish and Health; Leisure, Health, and Wellbeing; and Medicines from the Sea. Led by stakeholder engagement, the Chair can serve as a novel approach within the oceans and human health field of study to tackle a variety of environmental and public health challenges related to both communicable and non-communicable diseases, within the context of sociocultural issues. Drawing on the example provided by the Chair, four principles are established to encourage improved participatory processes in the oceans and human health field: bottom-up, "think local", transdisciplinary and trans-sectorial, and "balance the many voices"
Pedestal particle balance studies in JET-ILW H-mode plasmas
No full textJET-ILW type I ELMy H-modes at 2.5 MA/2.8 T with constant NBI heating (23 MW) and gas fuelling rate were performed, utilising edge localised mode (ELM) pacing by vertical kicks and plasma shaping (triangularity, delta) as tools to disentangle the effects of ELMs, inter-ELM transport and edge stability on the pedestal particle balance. In agreement with previous studies, the pedestal confinement improves with increasing delta, mostly due to a significant increase in pedestal density while the ELM frequency (fELM) is decreased. Improved pedestal confinement with increasing delta was observed even when the pedestal MHD stability was degraded artificially by vertical kicks, implying that increased triangularity may favourably affect the inter-ELM pedestal recovery. The workflow developed to quantify the pedestal particle balance uses high time-resolution profile reflectometry to characterise the inter-ELM evolution of the plasma particle content (dN/dt), the NEO drift-kinetic solver to evaluate the neoclassical fluxes and interpretative EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations to estimate the edge particle source. The edge particle source is then constrained by deuterium Balmer-alpha line intensity measurements in the main chamber, which are, however, strongly affected by reflections from the metal walls. The reflections are accounted for by the CHERAB code taking the divertor emission (the brightest light source in the torus) distribution from imaging spectroscopy measurements as input. Our analysis shows that in the second half of the ELM cycle, the volume-integrated particle source is larger than dN/dt, indicating that transport plays a key role in the inter-ELM pedestal recovery
