10 research outputs found
African Multilingualisms: Rural Linguistic and Cultural Diversity/ Pierpaolo Di Carlo, Jeff Good, Pius W. Akumbu, Célestine G. Assomo, Gratien G. Atindogbé, Margaret Chenemo, Esther P. Chie, Alexander Yao Cobbinah, Endurence M. K. Dissake, Angiachi D. Esene Agwara, Amina N. Goron, Marguérite G. Makon, Gabriel Mba, Gratiana Ndamsah, Ayu'nwi N. Neba, Emmanuel Ngué Um, Angela Nsen Tem, Rachel A. Ojong Diba, Ndiémé Sow, Tabe Florence A. E.
No full textWlAbNL Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).Includes bibliographical references and indexes.African Multilingualisms is the first book dedicated to presenting case studies of small-scale multilingualism in rural Africa. Contributors present extensive new data on sociolinguistic patterns found in these contexts and consider new, more ethnographically sensitive methods for exploring multilingualism of this kind.Preface (Gabriel Mba) ; ; Editors' Preface (Jeff Good and Pierpaolo Di Carlo) ; ; Biographical Notes ; ; Introduction ; ; African Multilingualisms: Understanding the Diversity of Multilingualisms in Sub-Saharan Africa ; ; Pierpaolo Di Carlo and Jeff Good ; ; The Diversity of Multilingualisms in Rural Spaces ; ; 1. Multilingualism among the Mbororo of the North-West Region of Cameroon: An Overview ; ; Pius W. Akumbu and Esther P. Chie ; ; 2. Nuances in Language Use in Multilingual Settings: Code-Switching or Code Regimentation in Lower Fungom?' ; ; Rachel A. Ojong Diba ; ; 3.The So-Called Royal Register of Bafut within the Bafut Language Ecology: Language Ideologies and Multilingualism in the Cameroonian Grassfields ; ; Pierpaolo Di Carlo and Ayu'nwi N. Neba ; ; 4. Multilingualism as It Unfolds: Language Vitality in Naturally Occurring Speech in Kelleng, a Rural Setting in Cameroon ; ; Emmanuel Ngué Um, Marguérite G. Makon, and Célestine G. Assomo ; ; 5. An Ecological Approach to Ethnic Identity and Language Dynamics in a Multilingual Area (Lower Casamance, Senegal) ; ; Alexander Yao Cobbinah ; ; 6. Multilingualism and the Paradox of Language Creation: The Case of Lítâ (Research Note) ; ; Gratiana Ndamsah ; ; Multilingualisms in Contact ; ; 7.Multilingualism in Rural Africa: A Case Study of Ossing Village in Cameroon ; ; Tabe Florence A. E. ; ; 8. Spaces and Interactions in Multilingual Repertoire Construction: A Case Study in an Urban Area of Casamance (Senegal) ; ; Ndiémé Sow ; ; 9. Analyzing Court Discourse in a Multilingual Setting: The Case of the Buea Court of First Instance ; ; Endurence M. K. Dissake and Gratien G. Atindogbé ; ; 10. Multilingualism and Language Ideologies in the Context of War: The Case of Refugees from Boko Haram in the Minawao Camp in the Far North Region of Cameroon (Research Note) ; ; Amina N. Goron ; ; Methodologies for the Study of Rural Multilingualisms ; ; 11.What an Ethnographically Informed Questionnaire Can Contribute to the Understanding of Traditional Multilingualism Research: Lessons from Lower Fungom ; ; Angiachi D. Esene Agwara ; ; 12. Ways to Assess Multilingual Competence in Small, Unwritten Languages: The Case of Lower Fungom ; ; Gabriel Mba and Angela Nsen Tem ; ; 13. Essentialism and Indexicality in a Multilingual Rural Community: The Case of Lower Bafut in North-West Cameroon ; ; Margaret Chenemo and Ayu'nwi N. Neba ; ; About the Contributors1 online resource (310 pages
Multimorbidity and chronic pain management with opioids and other therapies among adults in the United States: A cross-sectional study
No full textBACKGROUND: Multimorbidity, defined as the concurrent presence of >/= 2 chronic conditions, and chronic pain (i.e., pain lasting >/=3 months) often co-exist. Multimodal pain management that includes non-pharmacologic treatment and non-opioid therapy is recommended to prevent serious risks associated with opioids. PURPOSE: Estimate the prevalence of types of pain treatment and analyze their associations with multimorbidity using a nationally representative survey in the United States (US). METHODS: Data was collected from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey among adults with chronic pain and chronic conditions (N= 12,028). Chronic pain management was grouped into four categories: opioid therapy; non-opioid multimodal pain treatment; pain treatment with monotherapy; and no pain treatment. Chi-square tests and multivariable multinomial logistic regressions were used to analyze the association of multimorbidity with types of pain treatment after controlling for age, sex, social determinants of health (SDoH), and lifestyle characteristics. RESULTS: Among NHIS respondents, 68% had multimorbidity. In adjusted multinomial logistic regressions with "pain management with monotherapy" as the reference group, those with multimorbidity were more likely to utilize opioids (AOR=1.63, 95% CI=1.23, 2.17). Those with severe pain were also more likely to use opioid therapy (AOR=19.36, 95% CI=13.35, 28.06) than those with little pain. Those with low income and education were less likely to have multimodal pain management without opioids. CONCLUSION: Seven in 10 adults had multimorbidity. Those with multimorbidity reported severe pain and relied on opioids for pain control. Regardless of multimorbidity status, SDoH was associated with types of chronic pain management.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities through the Texas Center for Health Disparities (NIMHD) [grant number 5U54MD006882-10]
The Association of Multimorbidity With Whole Health Activities Among Adults in the United States: Evidence From the NHIS and BRFSS
No full textBACKGROUND: Whole health is a holistic approach encompassing integrative medicine, emotional, and spiritual health and is critical to improving health outcomes among individuals with multimorbidity. OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of Whole Health activities and the association of multimorbidity and Whole Health activities using nationally representative datasets. METHODS: As no single dataset has information on Whole Health self-care activities, data from the 2017 National Health Interview Survey (n = 25 134) was used to measure participants' mind-body therapy usage, sleep, mental health, and physical activity. We used the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 347 029) to assess regular vegetable and/or fruit consumption. RESULTS: A significantly lower percentage of adults with multimorbidity had adequate sleep (58.2%vs.67.1%), no psychological distress (71.8%vs.82.1%), adequate physical activity (48.2%vs.62.1%), and regular vegetable and/or fruit consumption (54.2%vs.56.6%) compared to those without multimorbidity. Although lower percentages of adults with multimorbidity utilized mind-body therapies (22.9%vs.25.2%), the association was reversed when adjusted for socioeconomic factors. In the fully adjusted models, adults with multimorbidity were more likely to use mind-body therapies (AOR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.09, 1.31). Furthermore, when adjusting for other independent variables, the associations of multimorbidity with sleep, psychological distress, and diet were exacerbated, and the association of multimorbidity with physical activity was attenuated. CONCLUSION: Adults with multimorbidity were less likely to engage in most of the Whole Health activities except mind-body therapies compared to the no multimorbidity group. Findings suggest that adjustment for other factors such as age and socioeconomic status changed the magnitude and direction of the association of multimorbidity with Whole Health activities.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 5U54MD006882-10; National Institutes of Health, 1OT2OD032581-01 and National Institute of General Medical Sciences, 5U54GM104942-07
Humanizacija kitajske religije: Od neba (tian 天) do obrednosti (li 礼) v Xu Fuguanu in Li Zehouju
No full textThis article aims to compare two interpretations of the emergence of new religious and moral concepts and beliefs in the period between the Shang (1600‒1046 BC) and the Western Zhou (1046‒771 BC) dynasties. It critically compares the theories of Xu Fuguan (1903‒1982) and Li Zehou (1930‒2021) on the process of humanization of Chinese religion. By emphasizing religious concepts such as Heaven, the Mandate of Heaven, the Way of Heaven on the one hand, and moral concepts such as virtue, reverence, and rituality on the other, the author illuminates the differences in each author’s interpretation of the era in which Chinese culture moved away from religion and into the realm of humanism and ethics. This article reveals the reasons for these differences, which stem from the profound divergences in the basic methods of Li and Xu. While Li’s elaboration is based on philosophical approaches, Xu Fuguan’s understanding is based on philological and cultural analyses of the Chinese history of ideas. The author argues that these mutual differences between their interpretations demonstrate the importance of understanding different methodological approaches, which in turn allows for a deeper multi-layered understanding of the process of humanization of Chinese religion.Članek kritično primerja dve interpretaciji pojava novih verskih in moralnih konceptov ter prepričanj v obdobju med dinastijama Shang (1600‒1046 pr. n. št.) in Zahodni Zhou (1046‒771 pr. n. št.). Avtorica primerja Xu Fuguanovo (1903‒1982) in Li Zehoujevo (1930‒2021) teorijo o procesu humanizacije kitajske religije. S poudarkom na verskih konceptih, kot so nebo (tian), nebeški mandat (tian ming) in nebeški dao (tiandao), na eni strani ter moralnih pojmih, kot so vrlina (de), spoštovanje (jing) in obrednost (li), na drugi avtorica osvetli razlike v Xujevi in Lijevi interpretaciji obdobja, v katerem se je kitajska kultura oddaljila od religije ter prešla na področje humanizma in etike. Članek obravnava razloge za prikazane neenakosti, ki izvirajo iz globokih razlik v osnovnih metodah in pristopih, ki jih uporabljata Li in Xu. Medtem ko Lijeva teorija temelji na filozofskih pristopih, temelji Xu Fuguanovo razumevanje na filoloških in kulturnih analizah kitajske idejne zgodovine. Avtorica trdi, da te medsebojne razlike med njunima interpretacijama kažejo na pomen razumevanja različnih metodoloških pristopov, sej le-to posledično omogoča globlje in večplastno razumevanje procesa humanizacije kitajske religije
The role of non governmental organisations in fostering women's economic empowerment and development in Cameroon : the case study of the Mbonweh Women's Development Association
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 122-131)
Hesiod and Heraclitus and their Perception of the World and Time
No full textDiplomsko delo se ukvarja z antičnim pesnikom Heziodom in predsokratskim mislecem Heraklitom in njunima pojmovanjema sveta in časa. Naš in njun svet loči več kot dva tisoč let, pa vendar so njune misli aktualne še danes. Med Heziodom in Heraklitom je nekaj sto let razlike, prvi sodi med pesnike, drugi med filozofe, Heraklit je Hezioda tudi kritiziral.
Heziod je živel v času pred nastankom grških mestnih držav, ko je pravica nastopala na ravni neba in zemlje, na zemlji je bila pravica odlok, odvisen od samovolje kraljev, na nebu pa je vladalo vrhovno, a oddaljeno in nedosegljivo božanstvo. Z nastankom mestnih držav in zapisom zakonov je pravica izgubila videz idealne vrednote in se udejanila v zakonu, ki je skupen vsem. Ambicija tistih, ki so kot Anaksimander, Ferekid in Heraklit napisali knjige (Heraklit jo je tudi pomenljivo shranil v Artemidino svetišč), je bila, da tudi drugim omogočijo spoznati svoja odkritja in mnenja, iz svojega početja pa so želeli narediti skupno dobrino mesta.
Heziod je živel v Askri na južnem pobočju Helikona, v osrednji grški pokrajini Bojotiji, sicer pa so podatki o njegove življenju skromni in pomanjkljivi. Mnenja tistih, ki se ukvarjajo s preučevanjem Hezioda, se razhajajo, nekateri ga postavljajo v 8. st. pr. n. št., drugi v obdobje okrog leta 700 pr. n. št., vprašanje pa še vedno ostaja odprto. Najpomembnejši dogodek v Heziodovem pastirskem življenju je bilo srečanje z Muzami, ki so ga naučile pesniti oziroma so vanj vdahnile pesem. Hezioda poznamo kot avtorja dela Teogonija in Dela in dnevi.
Heraklit je bil grški predsokratski filozof (beseda predsokratiki označuje mislece, ki niso šli skozi miselno šolo Sokrata in Platona, četudi so lahko bili njuni sodobniki, oznaka pa se je uveljavila z delom Fragmenti predsokratikov), ki je živel v Efezu od okoli leta 535 pr. n. št. do 475 pr. n. št. Njegovo edino ohranjeno fragmentarno delo, ki je bilo tako poimenovano kasneje, nosi naslov O naravi.
Heraklit pravi o času, da je otrok, ki se igra s kockami, na drugi strani Heziod vzpostavi zgodbo o nastanku neumrljivih bogov, ki ustvarijo človeški rod. Človeški rod razdeli na pet dob, v katerih je predstavljena zgodovina kot dekadenca, vsak rod z izjemo enega je slabši od prejšnjega, o svojem času pa Heziod pravi, da je najslabši. Iz njegove pripovedi lahko sklepamo, da bo lahko spet nastopil boljši rod. Heraklit pa pravi, da je svet vedno bil, je in bo, primerja ga z ognjem, ki se prižiga in ugaša po merah. Heraklit je kritiziral antropomorfni pogled na bogove, o Heziodu pa je dejal, da ni znal ločiti med dnevom in nočjo, sicer bi vedel, da je to eno in isto, čeprav je ogromno vedel.
Prav tako je zanimiv Sokratov oziroma Platonov pogled na oba obravnavana avtorjaHeraklit je po Sokratovem mnenju vreden, da se poglobimo v njegovo delo, o njem se je izrazil spoštljivo, na drugi strani pa je imel do pesništva ambivalenten odnosv Ionu je označil pesnika kot navdihnjenega od bogov, v Državi, kjer je izrazil misel, da vlada med filozofijo in pesništvom starodaven spor, pa je pesnika iz idealne države izgnal.
Za Hezioda bi lahko rekli, da je bolj zapleten v areno življenja, četudi so ga navdahnile Muze in piše o bogovih. Pravico utemeljuje z Zevsom, če pa bi se zgodilo, da bi krivičnež prejel večji delež pravice, bi Heziod pravico zamenjal za krivico, čeprav upa, da se to ne bo zgodilo. Heraklit nasprotno pravi, da je Zevs lahko ime za tisto Eno, modro, in se ukvarja z absolutno resnico izven nasprotja pravice in krivice, ukvarja se s počelom in s tistim onkraj videza. Božji nivo je drugačen od našega in nam nerazumljiv, pravi Heraklit.
Heraklita in Hezioda loči ločnica, ki loči mit in filozofijo, in prikazuje dva načina modrosti. Misleca pa nam kljub časovni oddaljenosti in težavam z razumevanjem še vedno lahko odgovarjata na vprašanja, ki si jih zastavljamo danes.This diploma thesis discusses the ancient poet Hesiod and the Presocratic philosopher Heraclitus and their perception of the world and time. Although they lived more than two thousand years ago, their thoughts are still up to date today. There is a difference of some hundred years between Hesiod and Heraclitusbesides, the first one is a poet and the other one a philosopher, the latter also criticized Hesiod.
Hesiod lived before the emergence of Greek city states, in a time when justice was sought either on earth or in heavenon earth, justice was a decree dependant on the arbitrariness of kings, in heaven, on the other hand, justice was ruled by a supreme but remote and unreachable deity. After city states emerged and laws were written, justice lost the status of an ideal value and was established in a law common to all. Those who wrote books, like Anaximander, Pherecydes and Heraclitus (who meaningfully stored his in the temple of Artemis), had an ambition to enable everyone to get acquainted with their discoveries and thoughtsmoreover, with their books, they wanted to create a common good for the city.
Hesiod lived in Ascra on the southern slope of Mount Helicon in the central Greek district of Boeotia. Not much is further known about his life because the data are scarce and inadequate. The opinions of those researching Hesiod diverge as some place him in the 8th century BC and the others in the period around 700 BC, which leaves this issue unsolved. The most important event in Hesiod\u27s shepherd life was when he encountered the Muses, who taught him to write poems, or rather \u27whispered the song into him\u27. Hesiod is generally known as the author of Theogony and Works and Days.
Heraclitus was a Greek Presocratic philosopher. (Presocratics were philosophers who did not receive the teachings of Socrates and Plato, although they might have been their contemporaries. This definition was established in the work Fragments of the Presocratics.) He lived in Ephesus from around 535 BC to 475 BC. The only fragmentary work that remains of him is On Nature, which got its current title only later.
Heraclitus says of time that it is a child playing with blocks. Hesiod, on the other hand, recounts a story about the birth of the immortal gods who created the humanity. He divides the humanity into five periods and presents the history as decadence within which each human race with one exception is worse than the previous oneHesiod finds his time the worst. Given his interpretation, a conclusion could be drawn that an era of a better human race is possible. Heraclitus\u27 interpretation is that the world has been, still is and always will be. He compares it to a fire that is kindled and extinguished in measures. He criticizes the anthropomorphic view of the gods and, while claiming that Hesiod knew a lot, Heraclitus reprimands him for not knowing how to differentiate between day and night, because if he did, he would know that they are the same.
Equally interesting is the view of both discussed authors by Socrates and Plato. Socrates spoke of Heraclitus with respect and said of his work that it is worth studying. On the other hand, his attitude towards poetry was ambivalentin Ion, Socrates says a poet is inspired by the gods, in The Republic, however, he talks about an ancient dispute between philosophy and poetry and how he would have a poet expelled from an ideal state.
Hesiod could be said to have been very engrossed in the earthly life, although he was inspired by the Muses and wrote about the gods. He equals justice with Zeushowever, if the unjust were to receive a greater share of justice, Hesiod would trade justice for injustice, although he hopes that would not be the case. On the other hand, Heraclitus says that Zeus could be the name for the concept of One, Wisehe deals with the absolute truth beyond the polarity between justice and injustice, with the origin and with what is beyond the visible. According to Heraclitus, God\u27s perception is different from ours and incomprehensible to us.
Heraclitus and Hesiod are separated by a line that draws a divide between myth and philosophy and demonstrates two ways of wisdom. Despite time distance and difficulties in understanding, the two thinkers can still answer questions that we pose ourselves today
Morbidity and mortality after anaesthesia in early life: results of the European prospective multicentre observational study, neonate and children audit of anaesthesia practice in Europe (NECTARINE)
No full textBackground: Neonates and infants requiring anaesthesia are at risk of physiological instability and complications, but triggers for peri-anaesthetic interventions and associations with subsequent outcome are unknown.
Methods: This prospective, observational study recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. The primary aim was to identify thresholds of pre-determined physiological variables that triggered a medical intervention. The secondary aims were to evaluate morbidities, mortality at 30 and 90 days, or both, and associations with critical events.
Results: Infants (n=5609) born at mean (standard deviation [sd]) 36.2 (4.4) weeks postmenstrual age (35.7% preterm) underwent 6542 procedures within 63 (48) days of birth. Critical event(s) requiring intervention occurred in 35.2% of cases, mainly hypotension (>30% decrease in blood pressure) or reduced oxygenation (SpO2 <85%). Postmenstrual age influenced the incidence and thresholds for intervention. Risk of critical events was increased by prior neonatal medical conditions, congenital anomalies, or both (relative risk [RR]=1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.28) and in those requiring preoperative intensive support (RR=1.27; 95% CI, 1.15-1.41). Additional complications occurred in 16.3% of patients by 30 days, and overall 90-day mortality was 3.2% (95% CI, 2.7-3.7%). Co-occurrence of intraoperative hypotension, hypoxaemia, and anaemia was associated with increased risk of morbidity (RR=3.56; 95% CI, 1.64-7.71) and mortality (RR=19.80; 95% CI, 5.87-66.7).
Conclusions: Variability in physiological thresholds that triggered an intervention, and the impact of poor tissue oxygenation on patient's outcome, highlight the need for more standardised perioperative management guidelines for neonates and infants
Ventilation strategies and risk factors for intraoperative respiratory critical events and postoperative pulmonary complications in neonates and small infants: a secondary analysis of the NECTARINE cohort☆
No full textBackground: Optimal ventilation strategies and use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) in neonates and small infants undergoing anaesthesia remain unclear. We examined the association of perioperative ventilation strategies and administration of NMBAs on respiratory adverse events in the NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) cohort. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of NECTARINE, which included infants up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures. The primary endpoint was the association between ventilation mode and intraoperative respiratory adverse events. Secondary endpoints were use of NMBA, and 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Results: The dataset comprised 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Pressure-controlled ventilation was the primary ventilation modality, accounting for 52.4% (n=3428) of cases. The incidence of intraoperative respiratory critical events was 20.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 19.7–21.7%), while PPCs were observed in 17% of cases (95% CI 16.0–18.1%). Preanaesthesia respiratory conditions and NMBA use after tracheal intubation were associated with higher incidence of PPCs. Of the children receiving NMBAs, reversal was reported in 29.8%. The absence of reversal was associated with a higher incidence of PPCs, with a relative risk of 1.50 (95% CI 1.17–1.93). Conversely, NMBA reversal was associated with a reduced relative risk of 0.43 (95% CI 0.26–0.70). Conclusions: Regardless of ventilation strategy used, mechanical ventilation and baseline respiratory conditions were risk factors for a greater incidence of adverse respiratory events and PPCs. Reversal of NMBAs before tracheal extubation was significantly associated with reduced PPCs in neonates and should be routine clinical practice. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02350348)
Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study
No full textBACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348
The implementation of tuberculosis preventive therapy in HIV care clinics in Africa, Asia and Latin America: a multiregional site survey
No full textIntroduction Towards the ‘End TB Strategy’ targets, the WHO recommends the provision of tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) for high-risk groups including people living with HIV (PLWH). 3 years after the release of the updated 2020 WHO guidelines, we investigated the implementation of TPT services at HIV clinics in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), focusing on TB screening, populations eligible for TPT and available TPT regimens.Methods In 2023, we surveyed HIV care clinics in the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS consortium in Africa, the Asia-Pacific and Latin America and the Caribbean. We used descriptive statistics to summarise TPT implementation according to WHO guidelines and multivariable logistic regression models to estimate associations with clinic characteristics.Results Of 172 HIV clinics included, 142 (83%) were in Africa, 22 (13%) in the Asia-Pacific and 8 (5%) in Latin America; 108 (63%) were located in urban areas. After ruling out active TB, TPT was reportedly offered to PLWH (122 clinics, 71%), household contacts of individuals with active TB (120 clinics, 70%) and other high-risk populations. TPT for PLWH was more frequently available in clinics in lower-income and low-middle-income countries, in high TB burden countries, and in district hospitals compared with other facility types. Clinics reported use of isoniazid-based (160 clinics, 93%) and shorter rifamycin-based (129 clinics, 75%) TPT regimens. Reported barriers to TPT initiation included patient refusal at 71 (41%) and drug shortages at 67 (39%) clinics.Conclusions TPT was available at most HIV care clinics in LMICs but further efforts are needed to reinforce WHO recommendations and ensure that TPT is consistently accessible to people at higher risk of developing active TB, especially PLWH
