131,615 research outputs found
Interaction of Stern layer and domain structure on photochemistry of lead-zirconate-titanate.
No full textPerovskite ferroelectric materials such as PZT have long been known to have wideband semiconducting properties. It has also been found that they have interesting spatially controllable surface photochemical effects that are not seen in 'normal' semiconductors. This has led to their being studied as possible tools in areas such as metal salt reduction and oxidation for nanoparticle growth. This paper discusses the effects of incident photon energy on the reduction of Ag0 onto PZT(30/70) surfaces with particular emphasis on the part played by energy band bending and the Stern layer. It was found that for increasing photon energy between 4.4 and 5.0 eV both the [1 1 1] and the [1 0 0] orientations of PZT followed a similar trend in that the average Ag0 cluster cross-sectional area increased by a ratio of ca 1.6 to 1. This increase was put down to the higher energy photons exciting more electrons from deeper in the density of states for the material allowing a greater reduction rate of Ag+ at the surface
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Worse than you think: Public debt forecast errors in advanced and developing economies
No full textWe compile a unique dataset of medium-term public debt forecasts for an unbalanced panel of 174 countries, based on International Monetary Fund (IMF) (for the period 1995-2020) and Economist Intelligence Unit (2007-2020) projections. We find that, on average, (i) there is a positive forecast error (FE) in the debt-to-gross domestic product (GDP) projections-that is, realized debt ratios are larger than forecasts; (ii) the FE increases with the projection horizon and is statistically significant and large-about 10% of GDP at the 5-year horizon; (iii) the magnitude is similar between advanced economies (AEs) and emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) and in EMDEs is present irrespective of recessions while for AEs is associated with surprise recessions in the forecast horizon; (iv) FEs are not statistically different between IMF program and non-program cases; and (v) positive FEs are only partly attributable to optimism about growth or the fiscal balance. Looking at the correlates of FEs, we find that FEs are larger during periods of recession, elections, fiscal stress, and high uncertainty and in countries with more economic volatility and public debt
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
Estrategias docentes en la construcción de un ambiente alfabetizador en primer ciclo del nivel primario, en la Institución Educativa Monseñor Miguel de Andrea, de la ciudad de Colón, Bs. As. año 2024
No full textLa escuela primaria es la institución responsable de promover el acercamiento de los niños/as al conocimiento. Del mismo modo, tiene el compromiso de posibilitar la constitución de este ambiente como una práctica social, garantizando la igualdad de condiciones de los estudiantes permitiendo el desarrollo de las habilidades y competencias comunicativas. El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación reside en conocer las estrategias docentes que favorecen y enriquecen la construcción de un ambiente alfabetizador en primer ciclo de nivel primario en la escuela Monseñor Miguel de Andrea de la Localidad de Colón, Bs. As. Se plantea una investigación de enfoque cualitativo, empleando el método descriptivo, donde se utiliza como instrumento de recolección de datos la observación áulica del ambiente alfabetizador y entrevistas semiestructuradas a doce docentes de primer ciclo, así como también, a la bibliotecaria de la institución educativa. Según los resultados obtenidos en la investigación, se puede concluir que las docentes de primer ciclo efectúan diferentes estrategias para la conformación del ambiente alfabetizador, las cuales son trabajadas mediante situaciones habituales y prácticas sociales contextualizadas promoviendo los inicios de la cultura escrita de los estudiantes y aprendizajes significativos. Sin embargo, es necesario repensar estrategias que fortalezcan las prácticas docentes en la constitución del ambiente alfabetizador.Fil: D´Amelio, Antonela Estefania. Universidad de Flores; Argentina
- …
