130,888 research outputs found
Farmers' strategies and improved rubber agroforestry systems : planting fruit and timber trees with rubber. Tapping practices and rubber production. Farming system analysis. Support mission report n° 2 Indonesia and Thailand from 29 may to 10 june 2006
No full textThe second phase of SRAP occurred from 1998 to 2004 with D Boutin (CIRAD-CP) as team leader. The third phase began with the launch of the project on "Improving the productivity of rubber smallholdings through Rubber Agroforestry Systems", funded by the CFC, called SRAS. A first technical support mission has been implemented in February 2005, undertaken by E. Penot and JM Eschbach, from CIRAD. The purpose of this second mission (May-June 2006) is the following: - inspecting field trials, holding discussions and making recommendations, particularly for tapping (JM Eschbach), - analysis of the technicaVeconomic simulation and modelling implemented with the software "Olympe" developed by INRA, CIRAD and IAMM (E. Penot). Proposal for further analysis and set-up of a farming system reference monitoring network. Further research is suggested on associated trees with rubber in RAS systems, in particular in terms of outputs in order to feed the model with detailed and accurate data on agroforestry systems and impact on farmers 's income. The mission was composed of Gede Wibawa (Indonesia), Laxman Joshi (Thailande), Eric Penot and Jean Marie Eschbach with the participation of ICRAF staff
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
YACCD: Yet Another Color Constancy Database
No full textDifferent image databases have been developed so far to test algorithms of color constancy. Each of them differs in the image characteristics, according to the features to test, In this paper we present a new image database, created at the University of Milano. Since a database cannot contain all the types of possible images, to limit the number of images it is necessary to make some choices and these choices should be as neutral as possible. E.g. a database whose images always contain a white area is suitable for algorithms based on the White Patch approach; on the contrary, the complete absence of white areas can exploit algorithms with alternative approaches. Thus, the first image detail that we have addressed is the background. Which is the more convenient background for a color constancy test database? This choice can be affected by the goal of the color correction algorithms. In developing this DB we tried to consider a large number of possible approaches considering color constancy in a broader sense. Images under standard illuminants are presented together with particular non-standard light sources. In particular we collect two groups of lamps: a group of characterized neon lamps with a weak color cast, suitable to test the precision of a color correction algorithm and a group of tungsten bulbs with a colored coating and strong color casts, very difficult to remove, suitable to test robustness and efficacy. Another interesting feature is the presence of shadows. The presence of different lightness levels in the same image allows to test the local effects of the color correction algorithms. The proposed DB can be used to test algorithms to recover the corresponding color under standard reference illuminants (e.g. D65), or alternatively assuming a visual appearance approach, to test algorithms for their capability to minimize color variations across the different illuminants, performing in this way a perceptual color constancy. This second approach is used to present preliminary tests. The IDB will be made available on the web
D-5.3: Übertragung des Verfahrens auf kontinuierliches Monitoring
No full textDieser Bericht fasst die Arbeiten und die Ergebnisse des Deliverables D-5.3 zusammen. Es stellt die Übertragung des Verfahrens von D-5.1 und D-5.2 auf kontinuierliches Monitoring dar. Hierzu werden Methoden aus der statistischen Qualitätskontrolle verwendet, um Änderungen in den Zuverlässigkeits- und Risikoaussagen über das Systems zu erkennen und auf diese Art das zugrunde liegende Testmodell anzupassen. Bei starken Abweichungen können dann diagnostische Testfälle durchgeführt werden, um die Zuverlässigkeitwerte des Systems neu zu bestimmen oder Fehler zu finden
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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