1,720,953 research outputs found
Implementasi Persetujuan Trips (Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights) dalam Sistem Hukum Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HAKI) Nasional
No full textPermasalahan Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HAKI) terus berkembang sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Persoalan yang menjadi perhatian dunia adalah menyangkut perlindungan hukum yang diberikan oleh masing- masing negara. Praktek yang berbeda diberbagai negara dalam memberikan standar perlindungan dan pelaksanaan terhadap Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI), tidak samanya standar, jangkauan pengaturan Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) dan kurangnya prinsip-prinsip multilateral serta tidak samanya kualitas penegakan hukum di satu negara dengan negara lain menimbulkan kekhawatiran mengenai berlangsungnya kelancaran perdagangan internasional pada umumnya. Terhadap permasalahan ini kemudian lahirlah persetujuan TRIPs (Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights). Persetujuan ini dibentuk karena adanya keinginan untuk mengurangi distorsi dan rintangan-rintangan dalam perdagangan internasional serta untuk memajukan perlindungan secara efektif terhadap Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) dan menjamin langkah-langkah, prosedur melaksanakan perlindungan terhadap Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI). Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara anggota yang ikut serta menandatangani persetujuan TRIPs (Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights) tersebut mempunyai efek langsung yang disebut Direct Applicability yaitu harus diterapkan artinya ketentuan persetujuan TRIPs (Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights) harus ada dalam praktek dan prosedur Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) di Indonesia. Penerapan persetujuan TRIPs (Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights) dalam prosedurnya dapat dilihat pada peraturan perundang-undangan Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) nasional yang telah diatur dan disesuaikan dengan persetujuan TRIPs (Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Properly Rights). Sedangkan penerapan persetujuan TRIPs (Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights) dalam prakteknya dapat dilihat khususnya pada aspek penegakan hukumnya yang dilaksanakan di lembaga-lembaga peradilan, Masing-masing bidang Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) menentukan sendiri lembaga peradilan yang berwenang mengadili perkaranya, dalam hal ini bidang Hak atas Kekayaan lntelektual (HaKI) menunjuk Pengadilan Niaga sebagai lembaga yang berwenang mengadili. Akan tetapi dalam prosedur dan praktek pengimplementasian persetujuan TRIPs (Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights) ke dalam peraturan perundang-undangan Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) Nasional ini menghadapi banyak persoalan. Oleh karena itu sangatlah penting untuk diketahui bagaimana implementasi persetujuan TRIPs (Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights) dalam sistem hukum Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) nasional, bagaimana pengaruh persetujuan TRIPs (Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights) terhadap penegakan hukum Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) khususnya di Pengadilan Niaga dan kendala-kendala apa yang dihadapi dalam penerapan penegakan hukum Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) tersebut.
Untuk membahas permasalahan di atas maka penelitian ini bersifat Deskriptif Anaiitis dengan pendekatan Yuridis Normatif. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu data baik itu data primer maupun data sekunder. Dengan alat pengumpulan data yaitu studi dokumen dan wawancara. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis sehingga didapatkan kesimpulan yang bcrsifat deduktif- induktif.
Indonesia telah menandatangani dan meratifikasi perjanjian-perjanjian intemasional di bidang Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI), salah satunya adalah TRIPs (Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights). Selanjutnya Indonesia telah pula mengubah, menyempurnakan dan mengakomodasi peraturan perundang- undangan bidang Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI). Ini berarti Indonesia telah memasuki tahap pelaksanaan dan pengembangan sistem Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI). Namun meskipun Indonesia telah memasuki tahap pelaksanaan dan pengembangan sistem hukum Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) kenyataannya masih terdapat beberapa ketentuan persetujuan TRIPs (Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights) yang tidak diadopsi kedalam Undang-undang Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) Nasional seperti;
menyangkut beban pembuktian dan tidak adanya peraturan pelaksana dari undang- undang tersebut. Sedangkan pengaruh persetujuan TRIPs (Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights) dalam penegakan hukum Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) di Pengadilan Niaga sebagai lembaga yang berwenang mengadili perkara Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) ternyata dalam prakteknya seringkali menerapkan ketentuan-ketentuan penegakan hukum yang diatur dalam persetujuan TRIPs (Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights) tersebut seperti menyangkut beban pembuktian. Meskipun tidak diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) Nasional namun dalam prakteknya tetap dilaksanakan. Namun ada juga yang diatur dalam undang-undang tetapi tidak dilaksanakan karena tidak terdapat peraturan pelaksananya seperti menyangkut penetapan sementara. Jadi dapat diketahui bahwa kendala utama yang dihadapi dalam penegakan hukum Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) tersebut adalah karena minimnya bekal pengetahuan aparat penegak hukum dan pembuat Undang-undang Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) tersebut serta didukung pula dengan budaya masyarakat yang belum bisa menghargai Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) sebagai hak pribadi atau private rights.
Saran yang diberikan untuk penulisan ini adalah agar Indonesia dapat lebih konsisten dan konsekwen mengikuti dan menindaklanjuti aturan-aturan yang telah ditetapkan dalam peraturan/Undang-undang Hak atas Kekayaan. Intelektual (HaKI) yang telah ada. Juga guna usaha penegakan hukum di Pengadilan Niaga selayaknya diberikan kewenangan mengadili yang lebih fleksibel melalui perangkat peraturan pelaksana dan hendaknya ada tindakan proaktif pemerintah dalam mensosialisasikan ketentuan Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) baik itu ke penegak hukum Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) itu sendiri dan ke masyarakatnya.2 HalamanTesis Magiste
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
