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    Ekologi dan andalas/ Eriyanti

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    FAKTOR SOSIO BUDAYA YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONFLIK TANAH DALAM MASYARAKAT MINANGKABAU (STUDI SENGKETA KONFLIK ANTARA SUKU TANJUNG MANGGOPOH DENGAN NAGARI TIKU V JORONG KABUPATEN AGAM)

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    Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konflik tanah di masyarakat Minangkabau khususnya sengketa konflik tanah ulayat antara Suku Tanjung Manggopoh dengan Nagari Tiku V Jorong Di Kabupaten Agam. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang berusaha mengungkap data sesuai dengan kenyataan di lapangan. Informan penelitian adalah unsur-unsur kepemimpinan nagari, unsur-unsur pemimpin adat, unsur pemerintah, dan masyarakat awam. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa faktor sosial budaya yang mempengaruhi konflik tanah dalam masyarakat Minangkabau adalah: 1) Tradisi lisan (kaba) dalam menentukan batas adat. Terjadinya konflik ketika tradisi lisan bertentangan dengan tradisi penulisan. Setiap pihak akan mempertimbangkan partai yang paling benar menurut bukti masing-masing. 2) Sistem kepemilikan tanah yang beragam di Minangkabau. Hal ini terjadi ketika tanah nagari diberikan kepada suku untuk mengelolanya tetapi para pemimpin suku menganggap bahwa ulayat milik suku mereka secara keseluruhan. Kedua faktor ini jika tidak segera diselesaikan oleh pihak berwenang, terutama pemimpin tradisional maka konflik akan terus berlangsung dan menghantui kehidupan masyarakat di Minangkabau.

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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